Ugo Cavallero Biography

Cavallero accompanies Mussolini to the Klessheim conference, where Italian and German leaders review Mediterranean and Eastern Front plans.

Cavallero presses plans for the projected Axis assault on Malta, known in Italy as Operation C3, during high-level talks with Germany.

Cavallero accepts the decision to continue the Axis pursuit into Egypt despite his earlier preference for an assault on Malta.

After the fall of Tobruk, Cavallero's preferred plan to seize Malta is displaced by the decision to continue the advance into Egypt.

Cavallero is promoted to Marshal of Italy while serving as Chief of the Supreme General Staff.

Cavallero attends Mussolini's Gorizia conference with commanders responsible for operations in Slovenia and adjacent occupied territory.

Monitors the North African crisis from Comando Supremo during the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Cavallero directs the rapid commitment of Italian forces to Tunisia as the Axis seeks to establish a bridgehead after Operation Torch.

Cavallero confronts the military crisis created by the collapse at El Alamein and the urgent need to preserve forces in North Africa.