Harald Hardrada Biography

Harald Hardrada claims the English throne through earlier Scandinavian royal agreements

Harald advances a claim to the English throne based on earlier Scandinavian agreements and the legacy of Danish rule.

Harald takes the raven battle standard known as Landwaster on his final expedition toward England.

Harald accepts Tostig Godwinson as an ally in a joint attempt to overthrow Harold II and conquer England.

Harald Hardrada prepares a Norwegian fleet for the invasion of England

The Norwegian army advances inland as York becomes the main northern objective

Harald Hardrada gathers allies in the northern seas before landing in England

Harald Hardrada demands hostages from York after the Norwegian victory

Norwegian forces appear off the north east coast and move toward Yorkshire

Haralds fleet anchors at Riccall while the army advances toward York

The Norwegian invasion fleet sails across the North Sea toward northern England

Harald secures York's submission after Fulford and requires hostages and support for his campaign.

Harald's invading force attacks Scarborough while moving down the north-eastern coast toward Yorkshire.

Harald sails up the River Ouse and establishes his fleet base at Riccall before advancing toward York.

Harald Hardrada defeats the northern English army at the Battle of Fulford

Harald defeats the forces of Edwin and Morcar at Fulford, opening the way to the submission of York.

Harald Hardrada is killed during the Battle of Stamford Bridge

Harald fights in the Norwegian line until he is killed and the invasion loses its principal commander.

Harald moves to Stamford Bridge expecting hostages and supplies from York instead of an immediate English attack.

Harald's army is surprised by Harold II while many Norwegian troops are away from the fleet without their full armour.