Venera 12 Landing21 December 1978
Venera 12 descends through the Venusian atmosphere and transmits scientific measurements from the surface.
Historical person
Roald Sagdeev Biography
Historical biography and chronological timeline for Roald Sagdeev, based on 11 World History Database records associated with Russia.
11 records1978–198511 events1 places
Chronological biography
1978
Venera 11 Landing25 December 1978
Venera 11 reaches Venus and returns atmospheric and surface measurements after a successful descent.
1982
Venera 13 Colour Images1 March 1982
Venera 13 returns colour panoramas of the Venusian surface and analyses nearby soil.
Venera 13 Landing1 March 1982
Venera 13 lands on Venus and begins an exceptionally productive surface science session.
Venera 14 Landing5 March 1982
Venera 14 lands on Venus and returns further images and direct measurements of surface material.
1983
Venera 15 Radar Mapping10 October 1983
Venera 15 enters Venus orbit and begins high-resolution radar mapping of the planet's northern hemisphere.
Venera 16 Radar Mapping14 October 1983
Venera 16 joins Venera 15 in radar mapping northern Venus through its permanently opaque cloud cover.
1984
Vega 1 Launch15 December 1984
Vega 1 launches on a dual mission that will deploy a Venus lander and balloon before continuing to Halley's Comet.
Vega 2 Launch21 December 1984
Vega 2 launches with a Venus atmospheric balloon and lander as part of the international Vega programme.
1985
Vega 1 Venus Balloon11 June 1985
Vega 1 releases a balloon that drifts through Venus's cloud layer while measuring winds and atmospheric conditions.
Vega 2 Venus Balloon15 June 1985
Vega 2 deploys a second balloon into Venus's atmosphere, providing additional measurements of cloud-level circulation.
Record provenance
This biography is assembled from World History Database records filtered by country and personal-name fields. Exact duplicate display records are removed. The database is an index rather than a complete narrative biography; formal research should verify entries against relevant primary or specialist sources.