Scott Bolton Biography

Juno launches to investigate Jupiter's origin, interior, atmosphere and magnetosphere.

Juno enters a polar orbit around Jupiter after a five-year interplanetary journey.

Juno returns the first close images of Jupiter's north pole, revealing dense storm systems.

Juno completes its first close Jupiter pass with the full science instrument suite operating.

Juno microwave measurements reveal ammonia-rich structures extending far below Jupiter's visible cloud tops.

Juno data reveal tightly packed giant cyclones surrounding central storms at Jupiter's poles.

Juno flies directly above the Great Red Spot to probe its structure.

Juno detects a new cyclone joining the geometric pattern of storms around Jupiter's south pole.

Juno observations track the persistent geometric arrangements of cyclones around Jupiter's poles.

Juno observations show Jupiter's equatorial hot spots are wider and deeper than earlier models suggested.

NASA extends Juno through 2025 and adds close exploration of Jupiter's rings and Galilean moons.

Juno makes a close flyby of Ganymede.

Juno makes the closest spacecraft pass of Ganymede since Galileo and changes its orbital period.

Juno data show the Great Red Spot extends hundreds of kilometres below Jupiter's cloud tops.

Juno makes a close flyby of Europa.

Juno makes a close flyby of Europa, collecting high-resolution imagery and science data.

Juno begins very close flybys of volcanic Io.

Juno passes close to Io, obtaining detailed views and measurements of its volcanic surface.

Juno completes a second close Io encounter, extending measurements of volcanism and tidal heating.

Juno flyby data indicate Io's volcanic heat is not concentrated in a single shallow global magma ocean.

NASA reports Juno restored to normal operations after safe-mode events during its 71st close Jupiter pass.

Juno data provide the first measurements of temperatures beneath Io's surface, refining models of tidal heating.