Margaret Kivelson Biography

Galileo magnetic measurements show that Ganymede has its own magnetosphere within Jupiter's much larger magnetic environment.

Galileo data establish Ganymede as the first moon known to possess its own magnetic field.

Galileo magnetic observations strengthen the interpretation that Europa contains an electrically conductive layer beneath its icy exterior.

Galileo magnetic data support the presence of an electrically conducting layer, consistent with a salty subsurface ocean.

Magnetic measurements support a salty ocean beneath Europa's ice.

Galileo magnetic data support the possibility of a conductive saltwater layer beneath Ganymede's surface.

Galileo magnetic measurements support a conductive subsurface layer inside Callisto, consistent with a buried salty ocean.

Galileo measurements reveal complex electrical currents and plasma interactions linking Io with Jupiter's magnetosphere.

Galileo magnetic measurements strengthen evidence for conductive saltwater layers inside Ganymede and Callisto.