Mercury Exosphere
MESSENGER measurements show that Mercury possesses a structured and variable exosphere extending far above the planet.
Historical biography archive · Updated 2026-11-03
Ralph McNutt Biography and Timeline
Follow Ralph McNutt through 6 dated historical records for United States of America.
Ralph McNutt, historical timeline
A chronological timeline drawn from matching World History Database records.
6Distinct records
1 of 1Page
2008–2013Years on this page
2008
Mercury Magnetosphere
MESSENGER observes an unusually dynamic Mercury magnetosphere driven strongly by changing solar-wind conditions.
2009
Mercury Exosphere
MESSENGER observations show that Mercury's exosphere and anti-sunward tail contain multiple species with differing spatial distributions.
2011
Mercury Magnetosphere
Orbital measurements show that Mercury's magnetic field is strongly offset northward along the planet's rotation axis.
2013
Comet Encke Observation
MESSENGER observes Comet Encke from Mercury orbit, adding comet science to the spacecraft's extended mission.
Comet ISON Observation
MESSENGER observes Comet ISON during its approach to the Sun while continuing Mercury orbital measurements.
Records, sources and methodology
These dates and descriptions come from the historical_events database. Exact duplicate records have been collapsed. Names are grouped by the country, Name 2 and Name 1 fields; records with missing Name 2 cannot be reliably assigned to an individual biography. Check the underlying sources before formal citation.