Richard Milhous Nixon Biography

Birth of Richard Milhous Nixon, 25 miles south of Los Angeles in a 2 story farmhouse

Majors in history, finishing 2nd, from Whittier College. Graduates from a Quaker Institution where Nixon gains debating skills

Graduates from Duke University, in law, 3rd in class

Sworn in as Member of San Francisco Bar

First lected to Congress, eightieth

First elected Republican member of the US House of Representatives

1st sworn in as member of Congress, 18th Congress

Congress passes the McCarran-Nixon act for registration of Communist organisations

Congress passes the McCarran-Nixon act for registration of Communist organisations

Congress passes the McCarran-Nixon act for registration of Communist organisations

First elected member of the US Senate, ahead of Helen Douglas

Receives the Vice Presidential Nomination

The New York Post claims Nixon is supported by an illegal slush fund

Successfully denies a fund raising scandal on TV. First to successfully use TV during a Presidential election. During the election Nixon makes his Checkers Speech denying a secret slush fund

First to successfully use TV during a Presidential election. During the election Nixon makes his Checkers Speech denying a secret slush fund

Appointed Vice President of the USA

Winner of the Vice Presidency as running mate of Dwight Eisenhower. Appointed Vice President of the USA

Inaugurated Vice President of USA, only 40 the 2nd youngest in American history

Appointed Chairman of the President's committee on Government Contracts

Says that "Acheson policy was directly responsible for the loss of China.."

Eisenhower has an ileitis attack & Nixon continues with Presidential responsibilities

Visits Brazil for its Presidential inauguration

Announces candidacy for 2nd term as Vice President

30 June-11 July, Nixon pays a good will trip to Asia

Renominated for a 2nd term as Vice President

Re-elected for a 2nd term as Vice President

"Colonialism...brought the great ideas which provided the great ideas for progress"

Opens the American National exhibition in Moscow & has a televised "Kitchen Debate". Debates capitalism on TV with Khrushchev in a model kitchen in the US exhibition

Appointed Chairman of the Cabinet Committee on price stability for economic growth

July 22-August 5, visits the Soviet Union & Poland

Nixon argues for firm action against Castro during the presidential campaign.

Nixon campaigns on a hard line toward Castro during the presidential election.

Defeated by John F Kennedy in the Presidential elections

Defeated in the elections to become the Governor of California

Nominated to stand for Presidential office by the Republican Party

Will restore the National Security Council to its preeminent role in national security

Withdraws from Vietnam without "defeat" by improving relations with China & Russia

Appointed President of the USA, 37th President, 1st term

Defeats Vice President Hubert Humphrey & Governor George Wallace

A message is sent to Hanoi indicating an interest in a peace settlement

Authorizes the secret "Menu" bombings of communist base areas in Kampuchea

Seymour Hersh publishes a story about the My Lai massacre of 500 civilians

Authorizes the secret "Menu" bombings of communist base areas in Kampuchea

The US and Japan agree on the Return of Okinawa

Continues US bombing operations in Laos as part of the Vietnam War

Continues large-scale bombing operations in Laos during the Vietnam War

The USA begins to relax its embargo of China

Inaugurated President of the USA

Nixon proposes "mutual withdrawal" of troops, no bombing of NV

The first substantive peace talks in Paris

Meets de Gaulle to agree a pact with China, seen by the State Dept as the main enemy

Issues a directive to the National Security Council for a rrapprochement with China

Forms joint US & Vietnam Armed Forces Joint General Staff. Adopts a policy of "Vietnamization", transfer burden of war from U.S. to ARVN

Rocket & mortar attacks are launched on 100 cities & bases throughout South Vietnam

Authorizes the secret bombing of Kampuchea. 1st day of the secret bombing of Kampuchea

Menu or short-duration bombing of Vietcong sanctuaries, lasts for 14 months. Bombing begins over Kampuchea

1st day of the secret bombing of Kampuchea

Authorizes Operation Menu bombing of Cambodian sanctuaries

Orders air strikes against the North Vietnamese within 5 miles of the border, April-May

About 100 B-52s drop bombs northwest of Saigon near the Kampuchean border

News of the secret bombing of Kampuchea is leaked to the New York Times

1st wiretap is placed in the White House following leaks about the bombing of Kampuchea

Proposes withdrawal from South Vietnam of American & North Vietnamese forces on TV

Bombing resumes on targets in North Vietnam

25,000 troops are withdrawn

Meets President Thieu on Midway Island who supports the US peace proposals. Announces the withdrawal of 25,000 American troops from Vietnam

Announces a first troop withdrawal under Vietnamization

Announces the first major US troop withdrawal under Vietnamization

The monthly sortie rate is reduced to 1,600

The bombing of Laos is authorized

Announces the "Nixon Doctrine" in Guam

Meets President Ceausescu who agrees to help set up the peace talks with North Vietnam

The monthly sortie rate is reduced to 1,400

The Vietnam Moratorium Committee lead a march of 250,000 in Washington DC

Faces massive anti war demonstrations in Washington

Nixon makes a TV speech appealing for the silent majority support

Appeals to the silent majority for support of Vietnamization

Says US withdrawal would be a disaster for world peace. Appeals to the "silent majority"

Moratorium demonstration of 500,000 in Washington DC

Faces anti-war demonstrations following the revelation of the My Lai massacre

Faces anti-war demonstrations following the revelation of the My Lai massacre

Ratifies the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty for the United States.

Renounces United States use of lethal biological agents and offensive biological warfare methods.

Partially lifts the trade embargo on China

Signs the National Environmental Policy Act

Delivers a State of the Union address emphasizing environment and domestic policy

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty enters into force after required ratifications are deposited.

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty enters into force during Nixon's presidency.

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty enters into force

Publicly addresses US policy and involvement in Laos

Orders federal troops to assist mail delivery during the postal strike

Signs legislation banning cigarette advertising on radio and television

Nominates Harry Blackmun to the Supreme Court

The main round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks opens in Vienna

Announces further US troop withdrawals from Vietnam

Announces US & South Vietnamese forces have attacked communist sanctuaries in Kampuchea

Announces US and South Vietnamese operations into Cambodia

Announces that US and South Vietnamese forces are entering Cambodia

Decides to expand US ground operations into Cambodia

US forces begin operations against North Vietnamese sanctuaries in the Fishhook area

Kent State shootings follow nationwide protests over the Cambodia incursion

Visits the Lincoln Memorial early in the morning and speaks with antiwar protesters

Signs the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970

Sends Congress Reorganization Plan No. 3 creating the Environmental Protection Agency

Approves then rescinds a plan to expand domestic intelligence gathering

Signs the Postal Reorganization Act

Proposes a standstill ceasefire and a five point peace plan for Indochina

Signs the Organized Crime Control Act, including RICO provisions

Signs the Bank Secrecy Act

Signs the Rail Passenger Service Act creating Amtrak

US forces raid Son Tay prison camp in North Vietnam to rescue prisoners of war

US forces raid Son Tay prison camp to rescue prisoners of war

Operation Baneberry releases radioactive material after an underground nuclear test

Signs the Family Planning Services and Population Research Act

The Act establishes federal workplace-safety standards and enforcement institutions.

Signs the Occupational Safety and Health Act

Signs the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970

The USA imposes a 10% surcharge on all imports, aimed in particular at Japan. Floats the American dollar

Supports the South Vietnamese penetration of southern Laos

Nixon massively increases US aid for Israel, $634m in 1971, $93m in 1970 in line with the Nixon doctrine proclaimed in July 1969, providing military & economic assistance to local powers to maintain the "regional order"

Supports Communist China's admission to the United Nations.

Supports Communist China's admission to the United Nations

The Supreme Court allows the publication of the Pentagon Papers to continue. Attempts to prevent further publications by researchers headed by Robert McNamara

Gives US air support for a south Vietnamese raid on the Ho Chi Minh trail

Backs the South Vietnamese incursion into Laos as part of Vietnamization

Backs the South Vietnamese operation into Laos as a test of Vietnamization

The Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil is signed in Washington, Moscow and London

US troops support South Vietnam in their invasion of Laos. The South Vietnamese are driven out with heavy casualties

Fourth round of SALT talks begin in Vienna

4th round of the nuclear SALT talks begin in Vienna

William Calley is sentenced to life in prison, reduced to 20 yrs

Frees Lt William Calley after his conviction of killing civilians at My Lai

Nixon announces the withdrawal of a further 100,000 troops

Announces on TV that "Vietnamization has succeeded"

A US table tennis team arrives in China

The US relaxes trade & travel with China

Vietnam veterans return medals & military decorations in anti war protests on Capitol

200,000 people attend an anti war demonstrations in Washington DC

Anti war protest in Washington DC

The monthly sortie rate is reduced to 1,000

Ellsberg releases the documents to New York Times correspondent Neil Sheehan & On Sunday, June 13, 1971, the Times publishes the first of nine excerpts and commentaries on the 7,000 page collection

For 15 days, the Times was prevented from publishing its articles by court order requested by the Nixon administration, meanwhile, Ellsberg leaks the documents to The Washington Post and 17 other newspapers.

The Washington Post begins publishing the Pentagon Papers - the Defense Department's secret history of the Vietnam War. The Washington Post will begin publishing the papers later in the week

The New York Times publishes security documents leaked to the press by Daniel Ellsberg

The New York Times publishes security documents leaked to the press by Daniel Ellsberg

After failing to persuade the Times to voluntarily cease publication on June 14, Attorney General John N. Mitchell and Nixon obtained a federal court injunction forcing the Times to cease publication after three articles

However, Kissinger convinced the president that not opposing the publication set a negative precedent for future secrets.

President Nixon's first reaction to the publication was that, since the study embarrassed the Johnson and Kennedy administrations rather than his, he should do nothing.

The administration argued Ellsberg and Russo were guilty of a felony under the Espionage Act of 1917, because they had no authority to disclose classified documents.

Backs legal action to stop further New York Times publication of the Pentagon Papers after Attorney General John Mitchell demands that the newspaper halt.

Seeks legal action to stop publication of the Pentagon Papers

Seeks to halt publication of the Pentagon Papers

John Mitchell, Nixon's Attorney General, almost immediately issued a telegram to the Times ordering that it halt publication, The Times refuses, and the Government takes out a suit against it

The Supreme Court ordered publication of the Times to resume freely (New York Times Co. v. United States)

The Supreme Court rejects the administration's effort to prevent continued newspaper publication of the Pentagon Papers in New York Times Co. v. United States.

The 26th Amendment lowers the voting age to 18

Announces a future trip to China

Nixon massively increases US aid for Israel, $634m in 1971, $93m in 1970 in line with the Nixon doctrine proclaimed in July 1969, providing military & economic assistance to local powers to maintain the "regional order"

States that the United States henceforth expected its allies to take care of their own military defense, but that the US would aid in defense as requested.

The US will furnish military and economic assistance when requested in accordance with its Treaty commitments, they will look to the nation directly threatened to assume the primary responsibility of providing the manpower for its defense.

The US will provide a shield if nuclear power threatens the freedom of a nation allied with us or of a nation whose survival we consider vital to our security.

The United States will keep all of its Treaty commitments.

The doctrine is applied by the Nixon administration in the Persian Gulf region, with military aid to Iran and Saudi Arabia, so that these US allies could undertake the responsibility of ensuring peace and stability in the region.

Nixon suspends official conversion of foreign-held dollars into gold.

Announces a 90 day freeze on prices, wages & rents

The White House plumber's unit named for their orders to plug leaks in the administration burglarizes a psychiatrist's office to find files on Daniel Ellsberg, the former defense analyst who leaked the Pentagon Papers

The White House plumbers unit named for their orders to plug leaks in the administration burglarizes a psychiatrist's office to find files on Daniel Ellsberg, the former defense analyst who leaked the Pentagon Papers

Agreement on Measures to Reduce the Risk of Outbreak of Nuclear War Between the US and USSR is signed in Washington and enters into force

Agreement on Measures to Reduce the Risk of Outbreak of Nuclear War Between the US and USSR is signed in Washington and enters into force

Calls for the seating of People's Republic of China in the UN

Announces a visit to Moscow

The United States does not use its veto power to block mainland China's United Nations admission, the change in the US position comes about as the result of a gradual thaw in US- Chinese relations

Announces sales of $136 million in feed grain to the Soviets

Sets Feb 1, 1972 as the deadline for the removal of another 45,000 American troops. Nixon proclaims the end of any offensive role in Vietnam

The US devalues the dollar by 7.9% & lifts the import surcharge

The US devalues the dollar by 7.9% & lifts the import surcharge

Continues heavy US air operations in Laos as negotiations and fighting continue

Pays a State visit to Canada. Becomes the first US President to visit China

Nixon retaliates with the heaviest bombardments of the War & mines the Norths harbors

US troops in Vietnam fall from 542,000 in Jan 1969 to 45,600 by July 1972. Despite Nixon's threats he withdraws US troops, by June 1972 47,000 are left

The USA only has 65,000 troops in Vietnam to contain the Viet Cong offensive. Giap leads the Nguyen Hue Campaign, intended as the decisive invasion of the war

Authorizes a $5.5B space shuttle program. Approves the Space Shuttle Project

Nixon announces an additional 72,000 troops will leave Vietnam

Nixon announce Kissinger has been secretly negotiating for peace in Paris

The 8 point peace proposal to north Vietnam is made public

The 6th round of the SALT talks begins in Vienna

The sixth round of the SALT talks begins in Vienna

Meets Mao & Zhou En-Lai bringing the period of US hostilities toward China to an end

21-28 February, visits China to restore relations with its Government

Launches an offensive against growing North Vietnamese activity

Hanoi refuses concessions & launches the Easter Offensive

The Viet Cong strike Quang Tri province, Kontum-Pleiku & Binh Long province. JCS increase the monthly sortie rate to 1,800

JCS increase the monthly sortie rate to 1,800

Bombers are ordered north for the 1st time since 1968

The monthly sortie rate is increased to 2,500

The Biological Weapons Convention opens for signature in Washington, London and Moscow.

US bombers attack Hanoi, 1st raid on a North Vietnamese city by the US since 1968

Senate debates the bombing of Hanoi & refuses to support Nixon's policy in Vietnam

Haiphong is bombed

2,000 pound mines are dropped in Haiphong harbour

1st day of Operation Linebacker I, bombing north Vietnam

Nixon orders the mining of Dong Hoi

Nixon orders the mining of Hai Phong

Announces the mining of North Vietnamese harbors

Orders the mining of major north Vietnamese ports

The US returns Okinawa to Japan

Brezhnev & Nixon sign the Basic Principles of Relations. Becomes the 1st US President to visit Russia

Arrives in Moscow for talks with Party Secretary Brezhnev

The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty or ABMT) is a Treaty between the United States of America and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against missile-delivered nuclear weapons

Signs the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty limiting strategic missile defence systems.

SALT I Treaty signed

first round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I ) ends with President Nixon and General Secretary Brezhnev signing the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty & the SALT Accord and the Interim Agreement on Strategic Offensive Arms

1st round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I ) ends with President Nixon and General Secretary Brezhnev signing the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty & the SALT Accord and the Interim Agreement on Strategic Offensive Arms

The ABM Treaty provides that the United States and Soviet Union may each have only two ABM deployment areas, which are restricted and located in such a way that they cannot provide the basis for a nationwide ABM defense.

The Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty enters into force.

Signs the SALT I Interim Agreement limiting specified United States and Soviet strategic ballistic missile launchers.

The monthly sortie rate is increased to 3,150. Arc Light missions continue until the cessation of hostilities by all US forces on August 15, 1973

5 men are arrested after breaking in to the Democratic National Committee headquarters

Watergate begins after 5 men are arrested burglarizing the Democratic Party's national HQ

Agrees with Haldeman on using the CIA to tell the FBI that aspects of the Watergate money investigation involve national security concerns.

The New York Times & Washington Post can resume publication of the Pentagon Papers

The Paris Peace talks resume

The 5th round of the SALT talks begins in Helsinki

The 5th round of the SALT talks begins in Helsinki

A $25,000 cashier's check, apparently earmarked for the Nixon campaign, wound up in the bank account of a Watergate burglar, The Washington Post reports

The Washington Post links Watergate & the Committee for Re-election of the President

Ratified by the US Senate

Publicly argues that the danger in campaign wrongdoing lies in covering it up and says White House Counsel John Dean is monitoring the investigation.

Nixon halts bombing north of the Twentieth Parallel in anticipation of a truce

The FBI reported that the break-in at the Watergate was part of a massive campaign of political spying and sabotage on behalf of the officials and heads of the Nixon re-election campaign

FBI agents establish that the Watergate break-in stems from a massive campaign of political spying and sabotage conducted on behalf of the Nixon reelection effort, The Post reports

The FBI reported that the break-in at the Watergate was part of a massive campaign of political spying and sabotage on behalf of the officials and heads of the Nixon re-election campaign

FBI findings link the Watergate break-in to a broader campaign of political spying and sabotage conducted on behalf of Nixon's reelection effort.

Nixon orders bombing to be halted north of 20 degrees latitude

Wins reelection by a landslide while the Watergate prosecutions continue and the scandal has not yet become a dominant national crisis.

Announces US troop reduction to 45,000 in Vietnam

The North Vietnamese walk out of the Paris peace conference

Nixon orders a 3 day bombing offensive against Hanoi-Haiphong, Operation Linebacker II

Nixon orders a 3 day bombing offensive against Hanoi-Haiphong, Operation Linebacker II

Orders Operation Linebacker II bombing of North Vietnam

Operations north of the Twentieth Parallel cease, 729 sorties have ben flown & 15 planes lost

Hanoi agrees to Nixon's conditions for reopening peace negotiations

Orders B52s to bomb Hanoi & Haiphong

26-30 December, massive air bombing of military installations in North Vietnam

Orders a 3 day bombing offensive against the Hanoi-Haiphong, Operation Linebacker II

Hanoi agrees to Nixon's conditions for reopening peace negotiations

The last ground troops are withdrawn from Vietnam. Conclusion of peace negotiations by Henry Kissinger & an end of US involvement

Revelations begin regarding bugging the Democratic Party election HQ at Watergate

Revelations begin regarding bugging the Democratic Party election HQ at Watergate

Halts the US offensive in Vietnam

Sworn in as President of the USA, 2nd term by Chief Justice Warren Burger

The Paris Accords specify a ceasefire but do not delineate territorial boundaries

Peace Accords are signed with North Vietnam

The Paris Accords specify a ceasefire but do not delineate territorial boundaries

The Paris Peace Agreement is signed

Hanoi & Washington impose an agreement on Saigon

The United States ends conscription and moves to an all-volunteer force

Announces the signing of the Paris Peace Accords ending direct US combat involvement

Signs a cease-fire in Paris & calls it "peace with honor"

A truce goes into effect

Former Nixon aides G. Gordon Liddy and James W. McCord Jr. are convicted of conspiracy, burglary and wiretapping in the Watergate incident. Five other men plead guilty, but mysteries remain

Just ten days after Richard Nixon's second inauguration, Liddy and McCord were convicted on charges conspiracy, burglary, and wiretapping

The International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS) was created at the Paris Peace Accords - signed by the US, the Vietcong, North Vietnam & South Vietnam

Under the terms of the peace agreement the ICCS is to establish regional and sub-regional administrations based in the demilitarised zone below the Seventeenth Parallel.

The International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS) was created at the Paris Peace Accords - signed by the US, the Vietcong, North Vietnam & South Vietnam

Under the terms of the peace agreement the ICCS is to establish regional and sub-regional administrations based in the demilitarised zone below the Seventeenth Parallel.

The last ground troops are withdrawn from Vietnam

Convicted Watergate burglar and ex-CIA agent James McCord, still facing sentencing, wrote a letter to U.S. District Judge John Sirica.

In the letter, McCord stated that he had been pressured to plead guilty and remain silent, that he had perjured himself during the trial, that the break-in was not a CIA operation, and that other, as yet unnamed Government officials,

were involved. Judge Sirica urged McCord to cooperate fully with the Senate Watergate Committee, which was about to begin its investigation

Discusses with John Dean the cost of meeting Watergate defendants' financial demands and the legal and political dangers surrounding continued payments.

Discusses limiting White House testimony and using executive privilege as investigators press for evidence about Watergate and political intelligence operations.

Senate Watergate Committee lawyer Sam Dash told reporters that he had interviewed James McCord twice, and that McCord had "named names" and had begun supplying a full and honest accounts of the Watergate operation

Senate Watergate Committee lawyer Sam Dash told reporters that he had interviewed James McCord twice, and that McCord had "named names" and had begun supplying a full and honest account of the Watergate operation

James McCord testified before the Senate Watergate Committee in a closed 5-hour session. There were so many leaks to the press that committee leaders decided to conduct all future hearings in public session.

The most significant leak was that fellow Watergate burglar G. Gordon Liddy had told McCord that the burglary and surveillance operation was approved by then-Nixon campaign chairman & Attorney General John Mitchell in February 1972,

and that White House Special Counsel to the President Charles Colson knew about the Watergate operation in advance

The New York Times reported that James McCord told the Senate Watergate Committee that the cash payoffs for the burglars came directly from the the Republican Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP)

He announced his own ongoing investigation, and promised to reveal "major new developments" in the future

President Nixon made a brief statement before the White House Press Corps that his White House aides and staff would appear before the Senate Watergate Committee if asked.

Announces that White House aides will appear before the Senate committee if requested and promises major new developments from his own review.

Dean suspected he was on the cusp of becoming the Watergate scapegoat, and so he went to Camp David, but did not write the report

Nixon requested that White House Counsel John Dean write him a report about everything he knew about the Watergate matter, and he sent Dean to Camp David to write it.

Nixon's top White House staffers, H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, and Attorney General Richard Kleindienst resign over the scandal. White House counsel John Dean is fired

Announces the departures of H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, fires John Dean, and accepts Attorney General Richard Kleindienst's resignation.

Issues a lengthy statement on Watergate, acknowledging a White House effort to contain the scandal while denying prior knowledge of criminal conduct.

The US Senate votes to cut off funds for the bombing of Kampuchea

Former White House Counsel John Dean did indeed made these allegations. He began with a seven-hour opening statement in which he laid out his knowledge of the entire campaign of White House espionage

The Armed Services Committee begins its hearings on the secret bombing of Kampuchea

Ends operation of the remaining White House recording system after Alexander Butterfield publicly discloses its existence to the Senate Watergate Committee.

Nixon reportedly orders the White House taping system disconnected

Nixon refuses to turn over the presidential tape recordings to the Senate Watergate committee or the special prosecutor

Refuses to provide presidential recordings to the Senate Watergate Committee or Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox, invoking executive privilege and separation of powers.

The supreme court rules Nixon cannot withhold evidence in criminal proceedings. The Supreme Court orders Nixon to submit 64 unreleased white House tapes

Informs Judge John Sirica that he will not comply with the special prosecutor's tape subpoena, arguing that presidential materials are immune from compulsory process.

Writes Senator Sam Ervin refusing the committee's access to White House tapes on executive privilege and separation-of-powers grounds.

The House judiciary committee votes 27 to 11 to recommend Richard Nixon's impeachment

Under pressure from Congress, the Nixon administration finally ends the bombing of Kampuchea. The carpet bombing started covertly in 1970 to stop US enemies from Vietnam using Kampuchea as a base outraged the American public & crippled Kampuchea

Congress halts the attacks against the Khmer Rouge in Kampuchea

Congress halts the attacks against the Khmer Rouge in Kampuchea

Half the respondents in a gallup poll say they do not believe Nixon's innocence

US bombing in Laos ends after years of covert and overt air operations

In accordance with the congressional prohibition the US stops bombing Kampuchea

The final air strike against a target in Kampuchea during the War

Addresses the nation after months of hearings, again denying personal involvement in illegal Watergate activities and criticizing efforts to implicate him.

Faces the Arab oil embargo imposed after American support for Israel.

Authorizes a major American airlift of military supplies to Israel.

The Arab oil embargo intensifies inflation, energy shortages and economic disruption.

Nixon, looking toward a solution to the tape dispute, offered what later came to known as the Stennis Compromise. U.S. Senator John C. Stennis (D-MS) would independently review the tapes and summarize them for the special prosecutor's office

Proposes that Senator John Stennis review Watergate tapes and authenticate presidential summaries instead of giving the recordings directly to Special Prosecutor Cox.

After Richardson and Ruckelshaus refuse to dismiss Archibald Cox, directs Solicitor General Robert Bork to remove the special prosecutor.

Nixon contacted the Solicitor General, Robert Bork, and ordered him, as acting head of the Justice Department in the wake of the previous resignations, to fire Cox. Bork reluctantly complied.

The firing of Special Prosecutor Cox, and the flurry of high-profile Justice Department resignations over the weekend caused the press to dub this event, the "Saturday Night Massacre."

Following intense political backlash, agrees that subpoenaed presidential recordings will be submitted through the judicial process.

Agrees after the Saturday Night Massacre backlash to comply with the court process for subpoenaed Watergate recordings.

The United States raises its alert level during the Soviet-American crisis over the ceasefire.

Congress was infuriated about the Saturday Night Massacre. Numerous resolutions to impeach him were introduced in the House. Nixon, feeling the pressure, agreed to release some of the tapes to District Judge Sirica

At a nationally televised press conference, Nixon also announced that he was instructing Acting Attorney General Bork to appoint a new Special Prosecutor for the Watergate matter. On November 1, The Justice Department appointed Leon Jaworski its new special prosecutor

At a nationally televised press conference, Nixon also announced that he was instructing Acting Attorney General Bork to appoint a new Special Prosecutor for the Watergate matter. On November 1, The Justice Department appointed Leon Jaworski its new special prosecutor

Congress overrides Nixon's veto of law limiting the Presidents right to wage war

Wins a landslide victory over Senator George McGovern. Appointed President of the USA, 37th President, 2nd term

Congress overrides his veto of the War Powers Resolution after Vietnam and Cambodia controversies

At a televised press conference, declares that he is not a crook, has not profited from public service and has never obstructed justice.

And I think, too, that I could say that in my years of public life, that I welcome this kind of examination, because people have got to know whether or not their President is a crook.

And in all of my years of public life, I have never obstructed justice.

At the end of a lengthy response to a question about his personal finances, the President famously said, "And so, that is where the money came from.

Let me just say this, and I want to say this to the television audience: I made my mistakes, but in all of my years of public life, I have never profited,

The President gave another televised press conference, this time from the Contemporary Hotel in Disney World, where the President was attending the Annual Convention of the Associated Press Managing Editors Association.

Well, I am not a crook. I have earned everything I have got."

never profited from public service--I have earned every cent.

And I think, too, that I could say that in my years of public life, that I welcome this kind of examination, because people have got to know whether or not their President is a crook.

And in all of my years of public life, I have never obstructed justice.

At the end of a lengthy response to a question about his personal finances, the President famously said, "And so, that is where the money came from.

Let me just say this, and I want to say this to the television audience: I made my mistakes, but in all of my years of public life, I have never profited,

The President gave another televised press conference, this time from the Contemporary Hotel in Disney World, where the President was attending the Annual Convention of the Associated Press Managing Editors Association.

Well, I am not a crook. I have earned everything I have got."

never profited from public service--I have earned every cent.

H.R.

Haldeman's personal notes on the meeting indicate that the break-in was the subject under discussion. Nixon's secretary, Rose Mary Woods, in initial testimony about the tape, said, "The buttons said on and off, forward and backward.

Haldeman.

I caught on to that fairly fast.

I don't think I'm so stupid as to erase what's on a tape." Later she tried to explain that she had accidentally re-recorded 5 minutes of the tape, while transcribing it, but only 5 minutes, not 18 1/2.

She demonstrated how she probably had recorded over the tape with her foot on the transcription pedal located beneath her typewriter as she reached awkwardly for the phone. Suspicions arose that Nixon was destroying evidence

The White House reported that two of the subpoenaed tapes were missing, and that one that was dated just 3 days after the Watergate burglary contained an erasure of 18 1/2 minutes during a conversation between the President and

The White House acknowledges missing subpoenaed recordings and an eighteen-and-a-half-minute gap in a June 20, 1972 conversation with H. R. Haldeman.

The 1974 Protocol reduces the number of sites to one per party, largely because neither country had developed a second site, the sites are Moscow for the USSR and Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota

The House of Representatives rejects Nixon's $474M increase in military aid to Saigon

The House voted to authorized the Judiciary Committee to investigate grounds for impeaching president Nixon

The House voted to authorized the Judiciary Committee to investigate grounds for impeaching president Nixon

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October. Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C. Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N. Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

Former White House Counsel John Dean had taken a plea bargain back in October. Nixon was named an "unindicted co-conspirator" by the grand jury

Haldeman, former Nixon aide John Ehrlichman, former White House counsel Charles Colson, White House Aide to Haldeman Gordon C. Strachan, aide to Mitchell and CREEP counsel Robert Mardian, and CREEP counsel Kenneth Parkinson.

Indictments were handed down for what the press dubs "the Watergate Seven": Former Attorney General and Nixon campaign manager John N. Mitchell, former White House Chief of Staff H.R.

Is secretly named by the Watergate grand jury as an unindicted co-conspirator in the alleged cover-up while still serving as president.

Refers to the seven advisors and aides to United States President Richard M. Nixon who were indicted by a grand jury on March 1, 1974 for their role in the Watergate scandal.

The grand jury also named Nixon an unindicted conspirator. The indictments marked the first time in U.S. history that a president was so named

The US Grand Jury says Nixon is involved in the Watergate cover-up

Announces that edited transcripts of subpoenaed Watergate conversations will be released while refusing to surrender all original recordings demanded by the House committee.

Provides more than twelve hundred pages of edited presidential conversation transcripts to the House Judiciary Committee and makes them public.

The White House releases more than 1,200 pages of edited transcripts of the Nixon tapes to the House Judiciary Committee, but the committee insists that the tapes themselves must be turned over

The House Judiciary Committee opens impeachment hearings on Nixon

The Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT) , the Treaty limits nuclear test explosion to under 150 kilotons (over ten times the yield of the Hiroshima bomb)

The United States and the Soviet Union agree to the Protocol to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Agreement, which limits ABM deployment to a single area.

Signs the Threshold Test Ban Treaty limiting underground nuclear weapon tests to yields of 150 kilotons or less.

The Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT) , the Treaty limits nuclear test explosion to under 150 kilotons (over ten times the yield of the Hiroshima bomb)

Releases transcripts of June 23, 1972 conversations showing his early participation in efforts to limit the FBI's Watergate funding investigation.

Announces in a televised address that he will resign the presidency at noon the following day as congressional support collapses.

Faced with the threat of impeachment

Formally resigns the presidency in a letter to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, becoming the first United States president to leave office by resignation.

Given a pardon by Gerald ford for involvement in Watergate

Receives a "full, complete & absolute pardon" from Gerald Ford

Accepts President Ford's pardon and states that he hopes the decision will help lift the burden of Watergate from the country.

Publication of "The Memoirs of Richard Nixon"

Publication of "The Real War"

Publication of "No More Vietnams"

Publication of "Defeat & Renewal"

Publication of "Beyond Peace"

Death of Richard Nixon