Vera Florence Cooper Rubin Biography

Birth of Vera Rubin

Begins a year-long collaboration with Geoffrey and Margaret Burbidge, during which made her first observations of the rotation of galaxies at the McDonald Observatory's

Rubin found that most galaxies must contain about six times as much dark as visible mass thus, by 1980 the apparent need for "dark matter" was widely recognized as a major unsolved problem in astronomy

Rubin worked with a new spectrograph to measure the velocity curve of edge-on spiral galaxies with greater accuracy with results published in 1980

Rubin found that most galaxies must contain about six times as much dark as visible mass thus, by 1980 the apparent need for "dark matter" was widely recognized as a major unsolved problem in astronomy

Rubin worked with a new spectrograph to measure the velocity curve of edge-on spiral galaxies with greater accuracy with results published in 1980

Winner of the National Medal of Sciencw

Winner of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society

Rubin's perspective on the history of the work on galaxy movements is presented in a review, "One Hundred Years of Rotating Galaxies," for the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

Rubin's perspective on the history of the work on galaxy movements is presented in a review, "One Hundred Years of Rotating Galaxies," for the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

Death of Vera Rubin