Second Battle of El Alamein

Montgomery issues final plans for the Eighth Army's offensive before the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Remains Egypt's monarch as the Second Battle of El Alamein is fought in the Western Desert.

Holds senior Italian command responsibility in Libya as Italian and German forces fight at El Alamein.

Helps manage Panzer Army Africa staff work during the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Directs Desert Air Force support for Montgomery's offensive at El Alamein, helping secure the canal route.

Commands the Folgore paratroopers holding the southern sector during the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Commands XIII Corps in the southern diversion during the opening of the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Commands 90th Light Africa Division on the Axis line at El Alamein.

Leese's XXX Corps leads the infantry assault in the northern sector at the opening of the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Launches an attack at El Alamein to stop the Axis advance toward the Suez Canal.

Launches the El Alamein offensive that turns back the Axis threat to Egypt and the Suez Canal.

Montgomery launches a diversionary attack in the southern sector on the opening night of the battle.

Montgomery launches the Second Battle of El Alamein with coordinated attacks by XXX Corps and XIII Corps.

Commands Axis forces at El Alamein and fails to break through to the Nile Delta and the Suez Canal.

The British Eighth Army opens the offensive at El Alamein while Georg Stumme commands Axis forces in Rommel's absence.

Commands Axis forces at the start of the Second Battle of El Alamein while Rommel is absent.

Montgomery confirms that the breakout effort must continue despite stubborn Axis resistance.

Returns from Germany to command Panzer Army Africa during the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Axis tankers Proserpina and Tergeste are sunk, worsening fuel shortages during the battle.

The loss of Axis supply tankers deprives Panzer Army Africa of fuel during the battle.

The Afrika Korps is reduced to 114 tanks but Hitler orders that they must hold its ground

Rommel's armour is badly reduced during the Second Battle of El Alamein while Hitler forbids withdrawal.

The Afrika Korps is reduced to 114 tanks but Hitler orders that they must hold its ground

Commands 15th Panzer Division as Axis armoured strength declines during the battle.

Coordinates air support and interdiction during the decisive armoured breakout at El Alamein.

Leads 7th Armoured Division during the breakout phase of the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Leese's XXX Corps supports the breakout during the closing phase of the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Commands X Corps armoured formations during Operation Supercharge at the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Montgomery's offensive forces Rommel's army into retreat during the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Rommel begins withdrawing after Montgomery's forces break the Axis position at El Alamein.

Montgomery's offensive reduces the Axis armoured reserve to a small number of serviceable tanks.

Mussolini supports Hitler's order that Axis troops hold their ground despite Rommel's request to retreat.

The British armoured formations break through the Axis front as the Second Battle of El Alamein nears its decision.

The Axis army is defeated at El Alamein and retreats westward across Libya.

Is captured during the Axis collapse at the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Describes El Alamein as a turning point after news of the Axis retreat reaches Britain.

The Axis loss of Tobruk follows the retreat from El Alamein and weakens Rommel's North African position.

Uses the phrase, Before Alamein we never had a victory. After Alamein we never had a defeat.