1 January 1651Commander in ChiefCharles II
Appointed Commander in Chief, Scottish Army
Historical records for England in 1651, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
Appointed Commander in Chief, Scottish Army
Appointed Commander in Chief, Scottish Army
Given a Presbyterian Coronation at Scone
Charles II was crowned King of Scots while the English Commonwealth rejected his claim.
The Council of State is established by Act of Parliament as a ruling body
The Council of States 14 members are elected, including Cromwell
The Monarchy is abolished
The House of Lords is abolished, Cromwell wished to keep it as an advisery body
The House of Lords is abolished, Cromwell wished to keep it as an advisery body
Overwhelmed by royalistds to divert Parliamentary forces from the stronghold of Oxford
The Commonwealth is formerly enacted by Parliament
The Commonwealth is formerly enacted by Parliament
Crosses the Border into England with a mainly Presbyterian force to restore the throne
Lambert defeats Scottish forces in Fife and opens the route for Parliamentarian operations north of the Forth.
Takes the Scots comannder, John Browne, prisoner
Takes the Scots comannder, John Browne, prisoner. Defeats the Scots during Cromwell's siege of Stirling
Supports Parliamentarian operations north of the Forth after Lambert's victory at Inverkeithing.
Participates in the campaign that captures Perth and cuts Scottish communications.
Perth surrenders after Cromwell's advance cuts the Scottish army from supplies and reinforcements.
Charles II crosses into England with a predominantly Scottish Royalist army, beginning the southward campaign that culminates at Worcester.
Crosses the border into England at the head of an Army of 14,000
Proclaimed as sovereign of England & offers a pardon to all who join him
Monck begins operations against Stirling after Cromwell moves south in pursuit of Charles II.
Harrison and Lambert attempt to slow Charles II's southward march at Warrington Bridge.
A Dutch court establishes a shared guardianship arrangement for the infant William III of Orange after the death of his father.
Lambert & Harrison join south of Preston before the Scots join the Cheshire militia
Lambert & Harrison join south of Preston before the Scots join the Cheshire militia
Monck receives the surrender of Stirling Castle after the garrison mutinies.
Stanley lands from the Isle of Man with a small Royalist force and begins raising support for Charles II in Lancashire.
Stanley meets Charles II during the southward march and receives authority to raise Royalist forces in Lancashire and Cheshire.
Arrives with a force of 16,000 men. Arrives at the Royalist town of Worcester which clears the garrison for him
Charles II occupies Worcester with fewer than sixteen thousand troops after his expected English support fails to materialize.
Charles II establishes Worcester as his temporary headquarters while the Royalist army rests, gathers supplies and prepares for battle.
Enters Worcester unopposed
Joins forces with Lambert and Harrison at Warwick during the pursuit of Charles II.
Eliminates most of the Earl of Derbys forces
Most of Derbys forces are eliminated, Derby joins Charles II at Worcester
Lilburne defeats the Earl of Derby at Wigan Lane, preventing a substantial Lancashire Royalist force from reinforcing Charles II at Worcester.
Tyldesley is killed while fighting for the Royalists at Wigan Lane during the defeat of Stanley's Lancashire force.
Stanley is wounded and escapes after Lilburne routs his Royalist force at Wigan Lane.
Writes that the enemy in Worcester must fight or be trapped as Parliamentarian forces close around the city.
Cromwell tightens the Parliamentarian encirclement, leaving Charles II increasingly confined around Worcester and unable to continue toward London.
Arrives near Evesham south-east of Worcester with the army preparing to close on Charles II.
Joins forces with Cromwell, 15 miles south west of Worcester, a combined force of 28,000
Massey is badly wounded when Lambert's Parliamentarian horse and dragoons recapture Upton Bridge south of Worcester.
Captures Upton Bridge enabling Cromwell to advance on both banks of the Severn
Lambert leads horse and dragoons in a daring attack that recaptures the damaged Upton Bridge south of Worcester.
Massey is badly wounded while Royalist troops contest Lambert's seizure of Upton Bridge.
Cromwell positions Parliamentarian artillery on the heights around Red Hill and Perry Wood east of Worcester.
Cromwell's artillery begins bombarding Worcester from positions around Perry Wood as the Parliamentarian siege lines tighten.
Fleetwood moves about eleven thousand Parliamentarian troops to the west bank of the Severn for the southern approach to Worcester.
Lambert's forces repair Upton Bridge after its recapture, restoring a vital Parliamentarian route toward Worcester.
Harrison joins Cromwell, Lambert and Fleetwood as Parliamentarian forces concentrate at Warwick for the pursuit toward Worcester.
Manages to cross the Mersey at Warrington
Joins up with Charles II from the Isle of Man, with a modest force of 250 foot
Ordered by Cromwell to intercept the Earl of Derby on his march to Worcester
Destroys most of the Bridges surrounding Worcester to defend it for the Royalists
Lambert rides ahead with Parliamentarian cavalry to harass the Royalist advance and help block a direct march toward London.
Charles II assigns troops to defend Powick Bridge, one of the key approaches to Worcester across the River Teme.
Royalist forces destroy Upton Bridge on Charles II's orders to delay Parliamentarian movement across the River Severn.
Charles II orders Worcester's defences strengthened as Parliamentarian armies gather around the city.
Sent by Cromwell to harass the Scottish invasion Army headed by Charles II
Disbrowe brings a Parliamentarian contingent from south-west England to reinforce Cromwell's expanding army for the Worcester campaign.
Fleetwood mobilizes Parliamentarian troops and militia around London before marching to join the forces concentrating against Charles II.
Charles II's forces rebuild and enlarge Fort Royal to protect the London Road and Worcester's vulnerable south-eastern approaches.
Harrison marches south to combine his forces with Lambert, strengthening Parliament's effort to contain Charles II's invasion.
Stanley seeks recruits around Warrington, but his refusal to take the Covenant limits support from local Presbyterians.
Prepares the defences of London after Charles II leads an invasion force into England
Ordered to take charge of operations against Stirling after Cromwell moves south.
Directs the siege operations that force Stirling to surrender.
Stanley reaches Worcester after surviving Wigan Lane and rejoins Charles II shortly before the decisive battle.
Fleetwood advances along the west bank of the Severn toward the Teme crossings as the Parliamentarian attack begins.
Deane attacks Powick Bridge with Parliamentarian troops, fixing Scottish defenders while Fleetwood seeks another crossing of the Teme.
Leads a force of 16,000 against Cromwell's force of 30,000. Charles is forced to go into hiding then escape from England. Attempts a "break out" from Worcester against Cromwell but is forced back
Charles II leads the Royalist army defeated by Cromwell at Worcester before escaping into exile.
Charles II leads the Royalist army, counterattacks east of the Severn and escapes after Cromwell's forces break into Worcester.
Cromwell leads a Parliamentarian army of about thirty thousand against Charles II's smaller Royalist and Scottish force at Worcester.
Leads about 28,000 Parliamentarian troops to victory over Charles II at Worcester.
Leads a Parliamentary force up the River Severn prior to the Battle of Worcester
Deane attacks Powick Bridge and finally forces a crossing after Scottish defenders begin retreating toward Worcester.
Fleetwood directs Parliamentarian troops across the Teme and presses the Scottish defenders back toward Worcester.
Leads a Parliamentary force across the River Teme prior to the Battle of Worcester. Forces Charles IIs Scottish allies back into the confines of Worcester
Fleetwood commands Parliamentarian troops during the final battle of the Civil War at Worcester.
Helps defeats the Scots & Royalists
Lambert helps force the Teme crossings and drives Scottish defenders back during Parliament's attack on Worcester.
Commands a Parliamentary regiment in a victory over the Royalists
Pride takes part in Cromwell's Parliamentarian victory at Worcester after previously commanding a brigade during the Scottish campaign.
Captured during the Battle of Worcester supporting Charles I
Stanley fights for Charles II at Worcester, escapes the battlefield and is captured later near Nantwich.
Cromwell's forces turn captured guns at Fort Royal against Worcester as Royalist resistance disintegrates.
Parliamentarian troops seize Fort Royal during Cromwell's final assault, breaking a major part of Worcester's south-eastern defence.
Charles II personally rallies Royalist troops for a counterattack against the weakened Parliamentarian positions east of Worcester.
Deane finally carries Powick Bridge after the Scottish position begins collapsing under pressure from the flanking attack.
Cromwell personally leads three brigades across the Severn pontoon to reinforce the Parliamentarian attack west of the river.
Charles II abandons the defeated Royalist army and escapes north from Worcester with a small group of companions.
Villiers escapes from Worcester with Charles II after Parliamentarian forces overwhelm the Royalist army.
Wilmot escapes the Royalist defeat at Worcester and remains among the small group assisting Charles II's flight.
Cromwell's brigades strike the Scottish flank while Fleetwood presses from the front, forcing the defenders away from the Teme.
Stanley helps guide Charles II away from Worcester toward the Royalist refuges around Boscobel after the battle.
Charles suffered defeat at Worcester during his attempt to recover the English throne.
Charles II watches the developing battle from Worcester Cathedral tower before leaving to rally troops east of the Severn.
Fleetwood's advance guard crosses the floating bridge over the Teme but meets determined resistance from Pitscottie's Highlanders.
Lambert supports the Parliamentarian effort to secure the Teme crossing and push the Scottish defenders back toward Worcester.
Cromwell reinforces the eastern fighting after Charles II's counterattack threatens Parliamentarian positions around Perry Wood.
Charles II moves through Sidbury Gate toward Fort Royal and Perry Wood while rallying troops for the eastern counterattack.
Cromwell reports the total defeat of the Royalist army and describes the victory at Worcester as a crowning mercy.
Harrison reports that pursuing Parliamentarian forces have captured about fourteen hundred Royalist horse and foot after Worcester.
Cromwell releases newly raised local forces after the victory, reducing the military burden on counties that had answered Parliament's call.
Cromwell orders Worcester's walls pulled down and its defensive ditches filled after the Parliamentarian victory.
Thousands of Royalist prisoners are gathered at Worcester Cathedral while Cromwell's army secures the city after the battle.
Harrison leads thousands of Parliamentarian troops in pursuit of Royalist fugitives fleeing north from Worcester.
Charles II reaches White Ladies after riding through the night and disguises himself as a countryman to avoid Parliamentarian search parties.
Penderel guides the disguised Charles II toward the Severn, but guarded crossings prevent their planned escape into Wales.
Careless joins Charles II in the Royal Oak and helps conceal the fugitive king from Parliamentarian search parties.
Charles II hides with William Careless in an oak near Boscobel while Parliamentarian soldiers search the surrounding area.
Leaves France, which resumes relations with England, for Aachen. Joined in Aachen by his sister, the recently widowed Princess Mary
Charles II remains concealed at Moseley Old Hall before moving to Bentley Hall and continuing his escape under disguise.
Whitgreave shelters Charles II at Moseley Old Hall while Parliamentarian soldiers continue searching for the defeated Royalist leader.
Dissolution of the "Rump Parliament" is debated by a committe set up for the purpose
Flees to France in a State of destitution
A court-martial at Chester convicts Stanley of treason for supporting Charles II's invasion and sentences him to death.
Stanley is captured near Nantwich after separating from Charles II during the flight from Worcester.
Lane provides Charles II with cover as her servant, enabling the fugitive king to continue his journey toward Bristol.
Cromwell prepares floating bridges across the Severn and Teme so his separated wings can support one another during the assault.
Charles II takes refuge at Trent Manor during the prolonged search for a vessel that can carry him safely to France.
Anti-Dutch legislation forbids importation by by Dutch shipping
Death of James Stanley, executed after being captured at the Battle of Worcester
James Stanley is executed at Bolton after his capture and court-martial following the Worcester campaign.
On the run for 6 weeks after the Battle of Worcester. Leaves England on a hired boat, The Surprise, from Shoreham
After six weeks in hiding, Charles II leaves England secretly from near Shoreham aboard the vessel later remembered as the Surprise.
Charles escaped into exile after evading Commonwealth forces for six weeks.
Lands at Fecamp near Rouen
Stanley attempts to escape from Chester Castle after his conviction but is recaptured before his sentence is carried out.
The Commonwealth enacted a Navigation Ordinance during Cromwell's military ascendancy.
Stanley petitions for mercy after his conviction, but Parliament refuses to overturn the death sentence despite Cromwell's support.
Decides it is necessary for a "settlement of the nation" & a constitution
Appointed Chief Adviser to Charles II in exile
Appointed Chief Adviser to Charles II in exile
The last Royalist stronghold in England surrenders to the Commonwealth
Captures the Scilly Isles
Appointed Chairman of the Council of State, 2nd term
Appointed Commander of the English forces for the Royalists
Appointed Commander of the English forces for the Royalists
The last Royalist stronghold in England surrenders to the Commonwealth
Appointed Member of Council of State
Death of Henry Ireton, dies of the plague
Executed after being captured at the Battle of Worcester
Executed after being captured at the Battle of Worcester
Appointed General of the Horse for the Royalists
Appointed General of the Horse for the Royalists
Sent to secure Scotland while Parliamentarian forces pursue Charles II into England.
Lands with a Parliamentary invasion force & captures Jersey
Makes a stand against Parliament but Jersey falls by the end of the year
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