Permanent year factsheet

Great Britain in 1911

Historical records for Great Britain in 1911, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.

390Records
329Events
92Named people
33Places
24Categories

Historical records

January

1 January 1911KnighthoodRoger Casement

London · Politics / Liberal Party

Knighted for humanitarian work in the Congo & Brazil.

2 January 1911Mount Erebus SightedRobert Falcon Scott

Ross Sea · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott records Mount Erebus in sight as Terra Nova approaches Ross Island.

3 January 1911Constitution of Great BritainWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Advises Asquith to create 500 peers if necessary to pass the Parliament Act

3 January 1911Home Office Crisis ResponseWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Faces controversy over his visible involvement in the armed confrontation.

3 January 1911Siege of Sidney StreetWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Attends the police operation during the Siege of Sidney Street.

3 January 1911Siege of Sydney StWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Instructs the firebrigade to let the house burn, 1 is shot & another asphyxiated. Deploys Scots guards to cover an east London house when 2 anarchists fire on police. "better to let the house burn down than spend good British lives". 3 policemen are murderred by a gang & then trapped in Sydney St

4 January 1911Cape Evans Hut Construction BeginsRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Construction begins on the expedition's main hut at Cape Evans.

4 January 1911Cape Evans LandingEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The expedition lands at Cape Evans on 4 January. Evans joins the shore party while Lieutenant Harry Pennell takes command of Terra Nova.

4 January 1911Cape Evans LandingRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Lands the shore party and stores at Cape Evans.

4 January 1911Cape Evans Landing SupportEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Evans joins the shore party during the landing and establishment of the Cape Evans base.

4 January 1911Cape Evans NamedEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott names Cape Evans in honour of his second in command while selecting the winter-quarters site.

4 January 1911Cape Evans NamingEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Cape Evans is named in his honour.

4 January 1911Cape Evans NamingRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott renames the selected winter-quarters site Cape Evans in honour of expedition second-in-command Edward Evans.

4 January 1911Cape Evans Site SelectedRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott selects the west Ross Island site that becomes the expedition's main winter station.

4 January 1911Terra Nova ExpeditionEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Ross Island · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott names the west Ross Island winter-quarters site Cape Evans in honour of Edward Evans.

4 January 1911Winter Quarters EstablishedRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Cape Evans becomes the principal base of the Terra Nova expedition.

8 January 1911Motor Tractor LostRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

One of the expedition's three motor tractors is lost through sea ice during the unloading operation at Cape Evans.

10 January 1911Main Stores LandedRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott records that the expedition is effectively landed with its essential stores ashore at Cape Evans.

15 January 1911Discovery Hut InspectedRobert Falcon Scott

Hut Point · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott inspects the old Discovery hut at Hut Point.

15 January 1911Hut Point Shelter AssessedRobert Falcon Scott

Hut Point · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

He finds the building heavily filled with snow and ice.

17 January 1911Cape Evans Hut CompletedRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The main expedition hut at Cape Evans is completed.

17 January 1911Cape Evans Hut Interior BuiltHenry Robertson Bowers

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Bowers constructs internal partitions and storage arrangements as the expedition settles into the Cape Evans hut.

17 January 1911Cape Evans Hut OccupiedRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The shore party moves into the completed Cape Evans hut and begins organised winter-quarters life.

17 January 1911Expedition Base CompletedRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The shore party now has permanent winter accommodation.

17 January 1911Meteorological Corner EstablishedGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Simpson establishes his meteorological working area within the Cape Evans hut for regular atmospheric observations.

18 January 1911Siege of Sydney StWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Gives evidence at the Sydney St inquest

21 January 1911Terra Nova GroundingHarry Lewin Lee Pennell

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Terra Nova briefly grounds near Cape Evans while manoeuvring around the ice edge.

22 January 1911ElectionHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Liberals win the election with 275 seats. The Government depends on 41 Labour & 71 Irish. Conservatves increase their seats from 116 to 273

25 January 1911Terra Nova Leaves Winter QuartersHarry Lewin Lee Pennell

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Pennell takes Terra Nova away from Cape Evans to continue ship operations and return toward New Zealand.

27 January 1911Eastern Party ReconnaissanceVictor Lindsey Campbell

Cape Colbeck · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Campbell's party searches for a suitable eastern base before conditions force Terra Nova away from Cape Colbeck.

27 January 1911Western Party LandedThomas Griffith Taylor

Butter Point · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Terra Nova lands Taylor's Western Party near Butter Point.

January 1911Cape Crozier Base AssessmentRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott examines Cape Crozier as a possible base location but abandons the site before establishing winter quarters farther west.

January 1911Cape Evans HutRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Establishes the expedition hut on Ross Island.

January 1911Cape Evans Hut ConstructionFrancis Edward Charles Davies

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Davies supervises construction of the expedition hut after its prefabricated components and stores are landed at Cape Evans.

January 1911Cape Evans Stores AnnexHenry Robertson Bowers

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Bowers organizes expedition stores and builds an annex from packing cases along the south side of the Cape Evans hut.

January 1911Depot LayingHenry Robertson Bowers

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Helps lay depots for the southern journey.

January 1911Liberal Parliamentary DependenceHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

The government depends on Labour and Irish Nationalist support in Parliament.

January 1911Motor Sledge Lost During LandingBernard Day

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

A motor sledge is lost through the sea ice during unloading, reducing the expedition's mechanical transport resources.

January 1911Western Geological Journey BeginsThomas Griffith Taylor

Butter Point · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The group begins geological exploration west of McMurdo Sound.

January 1911Western PartyThomas Griffith Taylor

McMurdo Sound · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Leads geological work west of McMurdo Sound.

February

3 February 1911Amundsen Base ReconnaissanceHarry Lewin Lee Pennell

Bay of Whales · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Pennell's shipboard party gathers direct information about the Norwegian expedition at the Bay of Whales.

3 February 1911Amundsen Expedition EncounterHarry Lewin Lee Pennell

Bay of Whales · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Pennell's shipboard party meets members of the Norwegian expedition.

3 February 1911Fram Encounter at Bay of WhalesVictor Lindsey Campbell

Bay of Whales · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Campbell is aboard Terra Nova when the ship unexpectedly encounters Amundsen's Fram at the Bay of Whales.

3 February 1911Fram Found at Bay of WhalesHarry Lewin Lee Pennell

Bay of Whales · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Terra Nova reaches the Bay of Whales and finds Amundsen's Fram.

6 February 1911Labour Leadership ElectionJames Ramsay MacDonald

London · Politics / Labour Party

Is elected leader of the Parliamentary Labour Party.

6 February 1911Parliamentary Labour Party LeadershipJames Ramsay MacDonald

London · Politics / Labour Party

Succeeds George Barnes as Labour's principal Commons spokesman.

6 February 1911Party LeaderJames Ramsey MacDonald

London · Politics / Labour Party

Appointed Party Leader of the Labour Party, 2nd term

11 February 1911Constitution of Great BritainJohn Redmond

London · Politics / Irish Party

Threatens to topple the Government if the Lords veto is not abolished

11 February 1911Lords Veto CampaignJohn Edward Redmond

London · Politics / Irish Party

Links Irish parliamentary support to constitutional reform.

11 February 1911Parliament Act PressureJohn Edward Redmond

London · Politics / Irish Party

Presses the Liberal government to remove the Lords' permanent veto.

17 February 1911One Ton Depot EstablishedRobert Falcon Scott

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

One Ton Depot is established on the Ross Ice Shelf during the 1911 depot-laying journey.

17 February 1911One Ton Depot EstablishedRobert Falcon Scott

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott establishes One Ton Depot at about 79 degrees 29 minutes south.

17 February 1911One Ton Depot StoresHenry Robertson Bowers

One Ton Depot · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Bowers helps organise and leave the food, fuel and fodder cached at One Ton Depot.

17 February 1911Southern Supply Depot LaidRobert Falcon Scott

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The depot is placed north of the originally intended latitude.

18 February 1911Cape Adare Base EstablishedVictor Lindsey Campbell

Cape Adare · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The six-man party prepares to winter and conduct scientific work.

18 February 1911Northern Party LandedVictor Lindsey Campbell

Cape Adare · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Terra Nova lands Campbell's Northern Party at Cape Adare.

18 February 1911Northern Party LandingVictor Lindsey Campbell

Cape Adare · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Leads the Northern Party landed at Cape Adare.

18 February 1911Northern Party Lands at Cape AdareRaymond Edward Priestley

Cape Adare · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Priestley lands with Campbell's six-man Northern Party to begin geological work from Cape Adare.

21 February 1911Constitution of Great BritainHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Introduces the Parliament Bill to the House of Commons. Admits that Edward VII had not promised to create new Peers to reform the Lords

21 February 1911Parliament Bill IntroductionHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Introduces the Parliament Bill in the House of Commons.

23 February 1911Black FridayWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Accounts are published of police confrontation outside the Commons with Suffragettes

23 February 1911DemonstrationsWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

The WSPU claim police act under Churchills instructions during Black Friday. Accounts are published of police confrontation outside the Commons with Suffragettes

February 1911Antarctic Geological FieldworkFrank Debenham

Victoria Land · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Maps rock formations and glacial features west of McMurdo Sound.

February 1911ElectionHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Claims that Edward VII had promised to create new peers to reform the House of Lords

February 1911McMurdo Sound SurveyThomas Griffith Taylor

Victoria Land · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Directs surveys of valleys, glaciers and mountain formations.

February 1911One Ton DepotRobert Falcon Scott

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Depot work supports the coming polar attempt.

February 1911Western Geological ExpeditionThomas Griffith Taylor

Victoria Land · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Leads the western party during geological exploration in Victoria Land.

February 1911Western Geological SurveyThomas Griffith Taylor

Victoria Land · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Taylor leads geological exploration of the western mountains and Dry Valleys during the first Western Party journey.

February 1911Western Geological WorkFrank Debenham

Ferrar Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Studies geology with Taylor's Western Party.

February 1911Western Geological WorkCharles Seymour Wright

Taylor Valley · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Works with the Western Party in McMurdo Sound.

February 1911Western Mountains SurveyFrank Debenham

Victoria Land · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Conducts geological fieldwork with the western exploration party.

March

1 March 1911DevolutionWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Proposes Britain be divided into 10 with a local administration & elected assembly

27 March 1911Peerage CreationRichard Burdon Haldane

Cloan · Government / Liberal Party Government

Continues directing War Office reform after entering the peerage.

27 March 1911Viscount HaldaneRichard Burdon Haldane

Cloan · Government / Liberal Party Government

Is created Viscount Haldane of Cloan.

March 1911Sea Ice RescueTom Crean

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Helps survive a dangerous sea-ice incident.

April

2 April 1911Census ProtestEmily Wilding Davison

London · Politics / WPSU

Hides overnight in Parliament during the national census.

2 April 1911House of Commons Cupboard ProtestEmily Wilding Davison

London · Politics / WPSU

Records the House of Commons as her census residence.

2 April 1911WSPUEmily Wilding Davison

Politics / WPSU

Davison hides in a cupboard in the Palace of Westminster overnight so that on the census form she could legitimately give her place of residence that night as the "House of Commons", Tony Benn Member of Parliament placed a plaque there to commemorate the event

13 April 1911First Western Party ReturnsThomas Griffith Taylor

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Taylor returns from the first Western Party journey after extended geological fieldwork west of McMurdo Sound.

13 April 1911Western Party ReturnsThomas Griffith Taylor

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Taylor and his companions complete the first Western Party journey by returning across the sea ice to Cape Evans.

April 1911Agadir CrisisEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

A rebellion breakss out In Morocco against the Sultan, Abdelhafid. by April the Sultan is besieged in his palace in Fez and the French prepare troops to help put down the rebellion under the pretext of protecting European lives and property

April 1911Cape Evans Topographic StudyThomas Griffith Taylor

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Taylor uses the remaining light to examine local geology and topography around the Cape Evans base.

April 1911Cape Evans Winter PhotographyHerbert George Ponting

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Ponting works from his Cape Evans studio to document expedition life, equipment, animals and surrounding landscapes.

April 1911Upper-Air Balloon ObservationsGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Simpson conducts balloon experiments to investigate atmospheric conditions above Cape Evans.

April 1911Winter Parasitology WorkEdward Leicester Atkinson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Atkinson sets up laboratory equipment for medical and parasitological investigations at Cape Evans.

April 1911Winter Stable ReorganisationLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Oates enlarges and reorganises the pony stalls to improve animal management during the Antarctic winter.

April 1911Winter Zoological WorkEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Wilson continues zoological study, drawing and specimen work as the expedition settles into Antarctic winter.

May

16 May 1911Buckingham Palace MemorialThomas Brock

London · Arts / Architecture

Completes the monumental sculpture facing Buckingham Palace.

16 May 1911Victoria Memorial UnveiledThomas Brock

London · Arts / Architecture

King George V unveils Brock's completed Victoria Memorial.

25 May 1911Terra Nova Pony ManagementLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Oates oversees the ponies at Cape Evans, monitoring their condition and exercising animals intended for the southern journey.

28 May 1911Birth of Randolph ChurchillWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Birth of Randolph Churchill, Winston Churchills only son

June

6 June 1911Scott Birthday at Cape EvansRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The wintering party marks Scott's birthday with a special meal and cake while preparations continue for the southern journey.

22 June 1911CoronationGeorge V

London · House / House of Windsor

Is crowned with Queen Mary at Westminster Abbey.

22 June 1911CoronationGeorge V

Westminster Abbey · House / House of Windsor

Crowned King of Great Britain

22 June 1911Midwinter Day at Cape EvansRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Leads the expedition's Midwinter Day observance at Cape Evans.

22 June 1911Midwinter Day CakeApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Cherry-Garrard contributes a large cake to the expedition's Midwinter Day celebrations at Cape Evans.

22 June 1911Midwinter Day CelebrationRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott and the wintering party mark Midwinter Day with decorations and a special dinner at Cape Evans.

22 June 1911Terra Nova Winter CelebrationRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Maintains morale during the Antarctic winter before the southern journey.

22 June 1911Westminster Abbey CoronationGeorge V

London · House / House of Windsor

Marks the formal coronation of the new British monarch.

27 June 1911Cape Crozier Emperor Penguin MissionEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Leads a scientific mission through severe Antarctic winter conditions.

27 June 1911Cape Crozier JourneyEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The party travels in darkness to study emperor penguin breeding.

27 June 1911Cape Crozier Sledge JourneyHenry Robertson Bowers

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Hauls supplies during the expedition's hazardous winter scientific journey.

27 June 1911Cape Crozier Winter Journey BeginsEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Wilson leaves Cape Evans with Bowers and Cherry-Garrard for the winter journey to the emperor penguin rookery.

27 June 1911Cape Crozier Winter Journey BeginsEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Wilson leads Bowers and Cherry-Garrard from Cape Evans on the winter journey to study emperor penguin breeding at Cape Crozier.

27 June 1911Emperor Penguin Egg ExpeditionApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Travels to Cape Crozier seeking emperor penguin embryos.

27 June 1911Winter JourneyHenry Robertson Bowers

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Travels with Wilson and Cherry-Garrard to Cape Crozier.

27 June 1911Winter JourneyApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Joins the winter journey to collect emperor penguin eggs.

27 June 1911Winter JourneyEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Begins the winter journey to Cape Crozier.

27 June 1911Winter Journey BeginsEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Wilson leaves Cape Evans with Bowers and Cherry-Garrard for Cape Crozier.

27 June 1911Winter Journey DepartureHenry Robertson Bowers

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Departs with Wilson and Cherry-Garrard for Cape Crozier.

27 June 1911Winter Journey DepartureApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Leaves Cape Evans with Wilson and Bowers during winter.

27 June 1911Winter Journey DepartureEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Begins the winter journey to collect emperor penguin eggs.

June 1911Cape Adare WinteringVictor Lindsey Campbell

Cape Adare · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Campbell's Northern Party winters at Cape Adare.

June 1911Northern Party Scientific ProgrammeVictor Lindsey Campbell

Cape Adare · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The group conducts meteorological, geological and biological observations.

June 1911South Polar Times ProductionApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Cherry-Garrard helps produce the expedition's South Polar Times, combining humour, reports and scientific material for the wintering party.

July

1 July 1911Agadir CrisisEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

The German gunboat Panther arrives at the port of Agadir

4 July 1911Cabinet decides Germany should consult Britain over MoroccoWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Cabinet decides Germany should consult Britain over Morocco

4 July 1911Cabinet decides Germany should not influence Morocco without consulting BritainWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Cabinet decides Germany should not influence Morocco without consulting Britain

4 July 1911Rule of MoroccoWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Cabinet decides Germany should consult Britain over Morocco

4 July 1911Rule of MoroccoWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Cabinet decides Germany should not influence Morocco without consulting Britain

7 July 1911British Response to Agadir Congo NegotiationsEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

Monitors the Franco-German negotiations linking the Moroccan settlement to territorial compensation in the Congo region.

14 July 1911Birth of Thomas Terry Hoar-StevensTerry Thomas

Finchley · Arts / Cinema

Birth of Thomas Terry Hoar-Stevens

19 July 1911Liverpool Waterfront LandmarkWalter Aubrey Thomas

Liverpool · Arts / Architecture

Creates an early large British building using reinforced concrete.

19 July 1911Royal Liver BuildingWalter Aubrey Thomas

Liverpool · Arts / Architecture

Completes the Royal Liver Building on Liverpool's waterfront.

19 July 1911Royal Liver Building CompletedWalter Aubrey Thomas

Liverpool · Arts / Architecture

Completes the Royal Liver Building on Liverpool's waterfront.

21 July 1911Agadir Warning to GermanyDavid Lloyd George

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Signals British willingness to defend its international position.

21 July 1911Border SettlementDavid Lloyd George Dwyfor, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Warns Germany not to endanger peace over Morocco during his Mansion House speech. The Germans call Lloyd-Georges Mansion House speech, "warning bordering on menace"

21 July 1911Mansion House SpeechDavid Lloyd George

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Warns Germany against threatening British interests during the Agadir crisis.

21 July 1911SpeechDavid Lloyd George Dwyfor, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Germans call Lloyd-Georges Mansion House speech, "warning bordering on menace"

25 July 1911Diplomatic ProposalWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

In a letter to Grey proposes the British detach Spain from her pro-German position

July 1911Agadir Crisis PolicyEdward Grey

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Backs France while attempting to prevent escalation with Germany.

July 1911Cape Crozier BlizzardHenry Robertson Bowers

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Bowers endures a violent blizzard during the Cape Crozier winter journey.

July 1911Cape Crozier Blizzard SurvivalHenry Robertson Bowers

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Bowers survives the violent Cape Crozier blizzard and helps recover the expedition tent after it is blown away from the party's shelter.

July 1911Cape Crozier Zoological WorkApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The specimens are preserved despite extreme winter conditions.

July 1911Emperor Penguin Egg CollectionApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Cherry-Garrard helps recover emperor penguin eggs at Cape Crozier after a hazardous journey made in darkness and extreme winter cold.

July 1911Emperor Penguin Egg CollectionEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Wilson's winter party reaches the Cape Crozier rookery and obtains emperor penguin eggs for embryological study.

July 1911Emperor Penguin EggsEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Secures emperor penguin eggs after extreme hardship.

July 1911Emperor Penguin Eggs CollectedApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Collects emperor penguin eggs with Wilson and Bowers at Cape Crozier.

July 1911Political Support at AgadirWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

Because of Germany's action at Agidir Churchill supports France & informs Lloyd-George

July 1911Support for FranceEdward Grey

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Strengthens Anglo-French cooperation during the Moroccan confrontation.

July 1911Winter Journey Tent LostHenry Robertson Bowers

Cape Crozier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The party's tent is blown away before being recovered.

August

1 August 1911Cape Crozier Party Reaches BaseApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The three travellers arrive exhausted after severe cold and storms.

1 August 1911Cape Crozier Winter Journey ReturnsEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Wilson, Bowers and Cherry-Garrard reach Cape Evans after five weeks of winter travel and severe exposure.

1 August 1911Winter Journey ReturnEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Wilson returns exhausted to Cape Evans after five weeks of severe winter travel from Cape Crozier.

1 August 1911Winter Journey ReturnsApsley Cherry-Garrard

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Returns to Cape Evans after the winter journey to Cape Crozier.

9 August 1911First Spring Balloon LaunchGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Simpson resumes upper-air observations by launching a balloon from Cape Evans.

10 August 1911Constitution of Great BritainHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Lords are denied a veto over "money bills" & have 2 yr veto for other bills. Passed by the House of Lords, the duration of Parliament is reduced from 7 to 5 yrs. MPs are to be payed for the first time, 400 pounds a year

10 August 1911LegislationHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Lords are denied a veto over "money bills" & have 2 yr veto for other bills

10 August 1911Money Bill Veto RemovedHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Lords loses its veto over money bills.

10 August 1911MP Salaries IntroducedHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Members of Parliament are to receive salaries of 400 pounds a year.

10 August 1911Parliament Term ReducedHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Maximum parliamentary duration is reduced from seven years to five.

10 August 1911Reform of ParliamentHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Lords are denied a veto over "money bills" & have 2 yr veto for other bills

10 August 1911Southern Journey Pony AssignmentsLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Oates takes charge of Christopher as Scott assigns ponies and handlers for the southern journey.

10 August 1911Two Year Lords DelayHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Lords receives only a two-year delaying power over other bills.

18 August 1911House of Lords Veto RestrictedHenry Herbert Asquith

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Limits the Lords' veto and reduces maximum parliamentary duration.

18 August 1911Parliament Act Royal AssentHenry Herbert Asquith

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Secures Royal Assent for the Parliament Act.

18 August 1911Parliament Act Royal AssentHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Secures Royal Assent for the Parliament Act.

23 August 1911Diplomatic PlanWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Forecasts the Germans will cross the Meuse on the Twentieth day of the invasion on France. Forecasts German military plans in an attack on France at the Comm of Imperial Defence

23 August 1911Invasion of FranceWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Forecasts the Germans will cross the Meuse on the Twentieth day of the invasion on France

30 August 1911Diplomatic ProposalWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Proposes to Grey France, Britain & Russia safeguard Belgium, Holland & Denmark

August 1911Cape Evans Marine ScienceEdward W Nelson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

His measurements form part of the Terra Nova scientific programme.

August 1911Cape Evans PhotographyHerbert George Ponting

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Photographs expedition life, landscapes and wildlife around Cape Evans.

August 1911Cape Evans Physical ScienceCharles Seymour Wright

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

His work contributes to the expedition's scientific programme.

August 1911Gravity ObservationsCharles Seymour Wright

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Conducts physical and gravity observations from the Cape Evans base.

August 1911Terra Nova Expedition DocumentationHerbert George Ponting

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

His images create an extensive visual record of the expedition.

August 1911Tidal ObservationsEdward W Nelson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Conducts tidal observations while working as expedition biologist.

September

10 September 1911Southern Journey Calculations CheckedHenry Robertson Bowers

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Bowers checks Scott's detailed figures for rations, transport and supporting-party arrangements.

10 September 1911Southern Journey Plans CompletedRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott completes detailed plans for the southern journey after checking transport and provisioning arrangements.

September 1911Motor Party CommandEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

After wintering at Cape Evans, Evans is given command of the Motor Party, which is scheduled to leave before the main southern expedition.

September 1911Motor Party PreparationEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The Motor Party takes four men and two tracked motor sledges south onto the Barrier carrying supplies for the following dog and pony groups.

September 1911Southern Journey PreparationRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Prepares sledges, ponies, dogs and depots for the southern march.

October

24 October 1911Admiralty AppointmentWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Becomes First Lord of the Admiralty in Asquith's government.

24 October 1911Cabinet Office TransferReginald McKenna

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Assumes responsibility for policing, prisons and domestic administration.

24 October 1911First Lord of AdmiraltyWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Appointed First Sea Lord of the Admiralty

24 October 1911First Lord of the AdmiraltyWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Assumes political responsibility for British naval administration.

24 October 1911Home Secretary AppointmentReginald McKenna

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Becomes Home Secretary when Churchill moves to the Admiralty.

24 October 1911Motor Party DepartsEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Leads the motor party south from Cape Evans.

24 October 1911Motor Party DepartureBernard Day

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Day departs with the experimental motor sledges as part of the advance southern transport party.

24 October 1911Motor Party DepartureEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Evans leads the advance motor party onto the Barrier ahead of the main southern expedition.

24 October 1911Motor Party DepartureEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Evans leads the Motor Party south ahead of the main expedition to move supplies toward the polar route.

24 October 1911Motor Party DepartureEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Leaves first with motor sledges and supplies.

24 October 1911Motor Party DepartureFrederick Hooper

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Hooper joins the advance motor party carrying supplies for the following southern groups.

24 October 1911Motor Party DepartureWilliam Lashly

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Lashly travels south with the motor party and takes responsibility for one of the tracked machines.

24 October 1911Motor Party Mechanical SupportBernard Day

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Day accompanies the Motor Party to operate and repair the motor sledges during their first sustained field use.

24 October 1911Motor Party Sledge SupportWilliam Lashly

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Lashly travels with the Motor Party, helping manage the experimental tractors and the supply loads intended for later parties.

24 October 1911Southern Motor Sledge Journey BeginsEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Motor sledges carry supplies ahead of the main polar party.

28 October 1911Naval War StaffWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Completes a memorandum advocating the creation of a Naval War Staff

30 October 1911First Motor AbandonedBernard Day

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Day's motor suffers a major mechanical failure and is abandoned on the Barrier.

30 October 1911First Motor Sledge FailureEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The motor sledges prove unreliable, often refusing to start until heated or stopping after short distances. The first machine fails permanently on 30 October.

30 October 1911First Tractor Breaks DownBernard Day

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The first motor tractor fails permanently on the Ross Ice Shelf.

30 October 1911Motor Sledge FailureBernard Day

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Works on the expedition's motor sledges during the southern journey.

30 October 1911Motor Sledge FailureBernard Day

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Works with motor sledges as mechanical failures mount.

30 October 1911Motor Sledge HaulingWilliam Lashly

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Helps continue hauling after motor sledge failures.

31 October 1911Second Motor AbandonedWilliam Lashly

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The second motor sledge fails, forcing Lashly and his companions to continue by man-hauling.

31 October 1911Second Motor Sledge FailureEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The second motor sledge fails the following day. The four men reorganise their loads and continue south, pulling a single sledge carrying about 740 pounds of supplies.

October 1911Narrative Poem PublishedJohn Edward Masefield

London · Arts / Poetry

Portrays a violent man's religious conversion through vigorous narrative verse.

October 1911The Everlasting MercyJohn Edward Masefield

London · Arts / Poetry

Publishes The Everlasting Mercy after magazine serialization.

November

1 November 1911Main Southern Party DepartureEdward Adrian Wilson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Wilson leaves with the main southern expedition as the pony and dog groups begin their staged advance.

1 November 1911Pony Party Starts SouthLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Oates leaves Cape Evans with the pony groups supporting Scott's southward march.

1 November 1911Pony Transport SouthLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Travels south with responsibility for the expedition ponies.

1 November 1911South Pole ExpeditionRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Sets out from Cape Evans on the main southern journey toward the South Pole

1 November 1911South Pole March StartsRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Motor, pony, dog and man-hauling groups support the advance.

1 November 1911Southern Journey Animal ManagementLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Oates monitors the animals as conditions become increasingly difficult.

1 November 1911Southern Journey BeginsRobert Falcon Scott

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The march south begins on 1 November 1911 with motor, dog and pony groups hauling loaded sledges at different rates along the planned route.

1 November 1911Southern Journey BeginsRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Begins the main journey toward the South Pole.

1 November 1911Southern Journey BeginsRobert Falcon Scott

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Begins the main southern journey toward the South Pole.

1 November 1911Southern Journey Pony ConvoyLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Oates travels south with the pony teams, taking responsibility for animal welfare as conditions become increasingly difficult.

1 November 1911Southern Journey Pony ManagementLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Manages expedition ponies during the main march south.

1 November 1911Southern Journey Support PlanRobert Falcon Scott

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott's transport groups are arranged to provide staged support for the smaller party that will eventually continue toward the South Pole.

1 November 1911Terra Nova Transport SupportLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Advises Scott on animal condition and transport limitations.

8 November 1911Conservative Leadership ResignationArthur James Balfour

London · Government / Conservative Party Government

Resigns as Conservative Party leader after mounting internal criticism.

8 November 1911End of Balfour Party LeadershipArthur James Balfour

London · Government / Conservative Party Government

Ends nine years leading the Conservative opposition.

8 November 1911Irish Home RuleArthur James Balfour Balfour, 1st

London · Government / Conservative Party Government

Resigns as Conservative Party leader over Irish Home Rule

8 November 1911Resignation of Arthur James BalfourArthur James Balfour Balfour, 1st

London · Government / Conservative Party Government

Resigns as Conservative Party leader over Irish Home Rule

9 November 1911Greater Birmingham ExtensionWilliam Bowater

Birmingham · Government / Municipal Government

Oversees major expansion of Birmingham's municipal boundaries.

9 November 1911Municipal Boundary ExpansionWilliam Bowater

Birmingham · Government / Municipal Government

Incorporates Aston Manor, Erdington, Handsworth and surrounding districts.

13 November 1911Carlton Club SelectionAndrew Bonar Law

London · Government / Conservative Party Government

Succeeds Arthur Balfour as leader of the parliamentary party.

13 November 1911Conservative Leadership ElectionAndrew Bonar Law

London · Government / Conservative Party Government

Is unanimously chosen Conservative leader at the Carlton Club.

15 November 1911One Ton Depot Reached on Southern JourneyRobert Falcon Scott

One Ton Depot · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott's southbound party reaches One Ton Depot and rests the ponies before continuing.

15 November 1911Pony Condition at One Ton DepotLawrence Edward Grace Oates

One Ton Depot · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Oates assesses the ponies at One Ton Depot as the southern party prepares to continue.

17 November 1911LaunchWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Devonport · Government / Liberal Party Government

Launches the Centurion

18 November 1911LaunchWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Attends the launch of the HMS Centurion

21 November 1911Motor Party RejoinedEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The motor party maintains its pace after the breakdowns and reaches the rendezvous six days early, where the main party catches up on 21 November.

21 November 1911Rendezvous with ScottEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Motor party meets Scott's main party ahead of schedule.

24 November 1911First Supporting Men Turn BackBernard Day

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Day is ordered back toward Cape Evans after the motor party has completed its supporting role.

24 November 1911Jehu Pony Put DownLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Oates's transport group loses the weakened pony Jehu as the southward journey continues.

November 1911Cape Evans Meteorological ObservationsGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Simpson recorded the temperature and wind observations at the base camp at Cape Evans.

November 1911Cape Evans Weather StationGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Given the nickname Sunny Jim by the other expedition members, George Simpson constructed one of the continent's first weather stations, conducting balloon experiments to test the atmosphere and determine how altitude affects temperature.

November 1911Dog Team SupportCecil Henry Meares

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Drives dog teams in support of Scott's southern journey.

November 1911Dog TeamsDmitri Girev

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Drives dog teams in support of the southern journey.

November 1911Motor Party ManhaulingFrederick J Hooper

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

After motor failures, Hooper continues south with the party by manhauling supplies across the Ross Ice Shelf.

November 1911Pony ManagementLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Manages ponies during the early southern journey.

November 1911Pony SupportAnton Omelchenko

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Assists with expedition ponies during depot work.

November 1911Pony TransportRobert Falcon Scott

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Uses ponies to move supplies during the southern journey.

November 1911Southern Journey Dog TransportCecil Henry Meares

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The dog parties transport supplies before returning north.

November 1911Weather Station CommandGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Simpson is given command of the Cape Evans weather station for several months when Scott and the southern parties leave in November 1911.

December

5 December 1911Man-Hauling PartyEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Leads a man-hauling party after the motor sledge failure.

5 December 1911Motor Party BlizzardEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The Motor Party becomes the Man-hauling Party under Evans with Lashly, Atkinson and Wright. On 5 December a four-day blizzard halts their progress.

5 December 1911Southern Journey Blizzard BeginsRobert Falcon Scott

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

A prolonged blizzard halts the southbound parties and consumes precious time and supplies.

7 December 1911Southern Journey Blizzard ContinuesRobert Falcon Scott

Ross Ice Shelf · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott records worsening concern as the blizzard prevents travel and pony fodder runs short.

9 December 1911Beardmore Glacier ReachedRobert Falcon Scott

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The expedition reaches the foot of the Beardmore Glacier after the difficult Barrier stage.

9 December 1911Beardmore Glacier ReachedRobert Falcon Scott

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott's travelling parties reach the foot of the Beardmore Glacier, ending the pony stage and beginning the climb toward the Polar Plateau.

9 December 1911Final Ponies SacrificedLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The remaining ponies are killed at the foot of the Beardmore Glacier after completing their transport role.

9 December 1911Last Ponies KilledEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

At the foot of the Beardmore Glacier, the last ponies are killed and the expedition prepares for the glacier ascent.

9 December 1911Pony LossesLawrence Edward Grace Oates

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Remaining ponies are destroyed before the glacier ascent.

9 December 1911Shambles Camp EstablishedHenry Robertson Bowers

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Bowers helps establish Shambles Camp and organise stores at the foot of the Beardmore Glacier.

10 December 1911Beardmore GlacierRobert Falcon Scott

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Begins the ascent from the Barrier toward the polar plateau.

11 December 1911Beardmore Glacier Ascent BeginsRobert Falcon Scott

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott's remaining parties begin man-hauling their sledges up the Beardmore Glacier.

11 December 1911Dog Teams Turn BackCecil Henry Meares

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Meares turns north with the dog teams after their planned supporting stage ends near the Beardmore Glacier.

11 December 1911Glacier Man-Hauling BeginsEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

After the dog teams turn back, the remaining southbound groups continue by man-hauling their sledges up the Beardmore Glacier.

12 December 1911Coronation DurbarGeorge V

Delhi · House / House of Windsor

Becomes the first reigning British monarch attending an Indian durbar.

12 December 1911Delhi DurbarGeorge V

Delhi · House / House of Windsor

Attends the Delhi Durbar with Queen Mary.

16 December 1911Contributory Welfare InsuranceDavid Lloyd George

London · Economy / Welfare

Creates contributory health and unemployment insurance for covered workers.

16 December 1911Health and Unemployment InsuranceDavid Lloyd George

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Establishes contributory protection against sickness and unemployment.

16 December 1911National Insurance ActDavid Lloyd George

London · Economy / Welfare

Secures Royal Assent for the National Insurance Act.

16 December 1911National Insurance ActDavid Lloyd George

London · Economy / Welfare

The National Insurance Act creates contributory health and unemployment insurance schemes.

16 December 1911National Insurance ActDavid Lloyd George

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Creates health insurance for many workers, a precursor to later NHS debates.

16 December 1911National Insurance Act Royal AssentDavid Lloyd George

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Secures enactment of the National Insurance Act.

20 December 1911Beardmore Glacier PhotographyRobert Falcon Scott

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott takes photographs during the glacier stage, adding his own images to the expedition's visual record.

20 December 1911First Support Party ReturnEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Turns back with the first supporting party.

20 December 1911Support Party ReturnEdward Leicester Atkinson

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Returns north with the first supporting party.

20 December 1911Support Party ReturnPatrick Keohane

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Returns from the southern journey support work.

20 December 1911Support Party ReturnCharles Seymour Wright

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Returns with the first supporting party.

21 December 1911Beardmore Crevasse FallEdward Leicester Atkinson

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Atkinson falls into a crevasse during the difficult upper Beardmore Glacier crossing but is recovered.

21 December 1911Beardmore Crevasse FallEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Evans falls into a crevasse during the upper glacier ascent and receives a severe shake.

21 December 1911Beardmore Glacier Man-HaulingEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The remaining teams continue man-hauling their sledges after the first supporting party turns north.

21 December 1911First Supporting Party TurnbackEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The first four-man supporting party turns back from the Beardmore Glacier, leaving eight men to continue south.

21 December 1911First Supporting Party Turns NorthEdward Leicester Atkinson

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Atkinson turns back with the first four-man supporting party from the Beardmore Glacier.

21 December 1911First Supporting Party Turns NorthApsley Cherry-Garrard

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Cherry-Garrard begins the return journey after his supporting party is ordered back.

21 December 1911First Supporting Party Turns NorthPatrick Keohane

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Keohane joins Atkinson, Cherry-Garrard and Wright in the first supporting party ordered back.

21 December 1911Southern Party ReorganisationEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1st

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The southbound expedition reorganises after the first supporting party turns back on the Beardmore Glacier.

21 December 1911Upper Beardmore Crevasse CrossingRobert Falcon Scott

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott's parties encounter difficult crevassed ice while climbing toward the polar plateau.

December 1911Beardmore Glacier Man-HaulingEdward Adrian Wilson

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Wilson man-hauls with the southbound parties during the ascent of the Beardmore Glacier.

December 1911First Supporting Party ReturnsEdward Leicester Atkinson

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Atkinson turns north with a supporting group after hauling supplies partway up the Beardmore Glacier for Scott's continuing party.

December 1911Oil Fuel Committee EvidenceCharles Greenway

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Gives evidence with Lord Strathcona to a government committee examining oil fuel and future naval requirements.

December 1911Polar Support JourneyEdward Leicester Atkinson

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

He turns back before Scott selects the final polar party.

December 1911Southern Supporting PartyEdward Leicester Atkinson

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Travels as a member of a supporting party on the southern journey.

December 1911Supporting Party Return JourneyApsley Cherry-Garrard

Beardmore Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Cherry-Garrard begins the long return from the Beardmore Glacier after completing his assigned supporting role for the polar attempt.

Other Events

1911Admiralty Posting BeginsSackville Hamilton Carden

London · Warfare / Military

Carden returns to London for an Admiralty posting after his Atlantic Fleet service.

1911Agadir CrisisEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

A rebellion breakss out In Morocco against the Sultan, Abdelhafid. by April the Sultan is besieged in his palace in Fez and the French prepare troops to help put down the rebellion under the pretext of protecting European lives and property.

1911Agadir CrisisEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

Backs France against Germany in the Agadir Incident

1911Agadir CrisisEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

Britain tries to restrain France from adopting over-hasty measures and to disuade her from sending troops to Fez, the efforts fail but Edward Grey the British Foreign Secretary felt that his hands were tied and that he is forced to support France.

1911Agadir CrisisEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

Instead of scaring France into turning to Germany, the main result of the Agadir Crisis is to increase British fear and hostility and to draw Britain closer to France.

1911Agadir CrisisEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

The British support France as in the First Moroccan Crisis again showing the strength of the Entente Cordiale. The British believe that the Germans meant to turn Agadir into a naval base on the Atlantic.

1911Antarctic CinematographyHerbert George Ponting

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Films and photographs expedition work throughout the Antarctic winter.

1911Antarctic Coastal SurveyHarry Lewin Lee Pennell

Ross Sea · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Commands Terra Nova during coastal survey and resupply operations.

1911Army InspectionJohn Denton Pinkstone French

Great Britain · Warfare / Military

Continues inspecting British Army training and readiness.

1911Balloon ExperimentsGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Uses balloon observations to study upper-air conditions.

1911British Agent in Egypt AppointedHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

Cairo · Warfare / Military

Returns to Egypt as Britain's senior representative and begins a broad programme of administrative reform.

1911British Expeditionary Force PreparationJohn Denton Pinkstone French

Great Britain · Warfare / Military

Influences preparations for a future continental expeditionary force.

1911British Museum Archaeological MissionCharles Leonard Woolley

Carchemish · Science / Archaeology

Supervises excavation, recording and interpretation of the ancient site.

1911Cape Evans DarkroomHerbert George Ponting

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Ponting works from a dedicated darkroom inside the hut, processing photographs that document expedition life, landscapes and scientific activity.

1911Cape Evans Lantern LecturesHerbert George Ponting

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Ponting gives illustrated evening talks using lantern slides, providing education and entertainment during the Antarctic winter.

1911Cape Evans Meteorological ProgrammeGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Directs regular weather measurements at the expedition base.

1911Cape Evans PhotographyHerbert George Ponting

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Photographs expedition life and Antarctic scenery.

1911Cape Evans Visual RecordHerbert George Ponting

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Creates an extensive visual record of people, wildlife and landscape.

1911Cape Evans Weather NetworkGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Simpson operates meteorological stations around Cape Evans using recording instruments to maintain a continuous local weather record.

1911CaptainHenry Maitland Wilson Wilson, 1st

Warfare / Military

Appointed Adjutant of the Oxford OTC

1911Carchemish Excavation LeadershipCharles Leonard Woolley

Carchemish · Science / Archaeology

Directs archaeological work at Carchemish with British Museum support.

1911Carchemish ExcavationsThomas Edward Lawrence

Carchemish · Science / Archaeology

Joins British Museum excavations at the ancient city of Carchemish.

1911Churchill Naval Advice ResumedJohn Arbuthnot Fisher

London · Warfare / World War, 1st

Fisher returns from Italy to advise Winston Churchill on naval preparation and the possibility of war with Germany.

1911Cloud Chamber Particle TracksCharles Thomson Rees Wilson

Cambridge · Science / Technology

Develops the expansion cloud chamber, allowing tracks of fast charged particles including electrons to be photographed.

1911Colliery WorkAneurin Bevan

Tredegar · Politics / Labour Movement

Begins work at Ty-Trist Colliery.

1911Committee of Home RuleWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Appointed Member of Irish Home Rule Committee

1911Constitution of Great BritainWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Favours an Imperial Parliament. Favors "Home Rule All Round", Parliaments for Ireland, Scotland, England & Wales

1911Continental Expeditionary PlanningHenry Hughes Wilson

London · Warfare / Military

Refines plans for deploying an expeditionary force to France.

1911Denry Machin NovelEnoch Arnold Bennett

London · Arts / Literature

Chronicles Denry Machin's rise through ingenuity and social ambition.

1911ElectionGeorge V

London · House / House of Windsor

Insists an election is held to precede any reform to the House of Lords

1911Entente CordialeEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

The British support France as in the First Moroccan Crisis again showing the strength of the Entente Cordiale. Instead of scaring France into turning to Germany, the main result of the Agadir Crisis is to increase British fear and hostility and to draw Britain closer to France

1911Entry into Coal MiningAneurin Bevan

Tredegar · Politics / Labour Movement

Enters the South Wales labour movement through mining employment.

1911Epic Historical PoemGilbert Keith Chesterton

London · Arts / Poetry

Retells King Alfred's struggle against Danish invasion in epic verse.

1911ExcavationThomas Edward Lawrence of Arabia

Carchemish · Science / Archaeology

Joins British Museum excavations at Carchemish, gaining field knowledge of Ottoman Syria.

1911Father Brown CollectionGilbert Keith Chesterton

London · Arts / Literature

Introduces twelve mysteries featuring the priestly amateur detective.

1911Ferrar Glacier SurveyThomas Griffith Taylor

Ferrar Glacier · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Taylor's party investigates the Ferrar Glacier and surrounding mountains as part of a broad geological survey of western Victoria Land.

1911First Poetry CollectionRupert Chawner Brooke

London · Arts / Poetry

Establishes his early reputation among Georgian-era British poets.

1911GovernorThomas Denman

Government / Government of Great Britain

Appointed Governor General of Australia

1911Greater Birmingham ExtensionWilliam Bowater

Birmingham · Government / Municipal Government

Major boundary extensions incorporate surrounding districts into the city.

1911Health Insurance AdministrationRobert Laurie Morant

London · Economy / Welfare

Helps design administrative arrangements for national health insurance.

1911Health ReformHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Liberal Government introduce unemployment insurance

1911Health ReformDavid Lloyd George Dwyfor, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Introduces Health & Unemployment Insurance

1911Home RuleHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Sets up a Home Rule Comm of Lloyd George, Birrell, Churchill, Grey, Haldane & Samuel. Sets up a Committee on Home Rule for Ireland under the chairmanship of Lord Loreburn

1911Home RuleWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Appointed Member of Irish Home Rule Committee

1911Home Rule Policy PlanningHerbert Louis Samuel

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Contributes to policy discussions preceding the 1912 Home Rule Bill.

1911Independence of Great BritainHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Sets up a Home Rule Comm of Lloyd George, Birrell, Churchill, Grey, Haldane & Samuel. Sets up a Committee on Home Rule for Ireland under the chairmanship of Lord Loreburn

1911Independence of IrelandHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Sets up a Home Rule Comm of Lloyd George, Birrell, Churchill, Grey, Haldane & Samuel. Sets up a Committee on Home Rule for Ireland under the chairmanship of Lord Loreburn

1911Inspector GeneralJohn Denton Pinkstone French Ypres, 1st

Ypres · Warfare / Military

French is Inspector General before the Ypres campaign.

1911Instead of scaring France into turning to Germany, the main result ofEdward Grey Fallodon, 1st

Agadir · Government / Liberal Party Government

Instead of scaring France into turning to Germany, the main result of the Agadir Crisis is to increase British fear and hostility and to draw Britain closer to France

1911INVRoger Casement

Politics / Liberal Party

Helps found the Irish National Volunteers

1911Irish Government PolicyAugustine Birrell

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Advises ministers on Irish administration and parliamentary strategy.

1911Irish Home RuleWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Appointed Member of Irish Home Rule Committee

1911Irish Home Rule CommitteeHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Creates a committee to develop Liberal policy on Irish Home Rule.

1911Irish Home Rule CommitteeAugustine Birrell

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Participates in cabinet planning for a new Irish Home Rule measure.

1911Irish Home Rule CommitteeHerbert Louis Samuel

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Serves on the cabinet committee preparing Irish Home Rule proposals.

1911Labour Exchange PolicyWilliam Henry Beveridge

London · Economy / Welfare

Links insurance administration with the national labour exchange system.

1911Labour Party SecretaryArthur Henderson

London · Government / Labour Party Government

Becomes secretary of the Labour Party.

1911LegislationHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Liberal Government introduce unemployment insurance

1911LegislationWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Liberal Party Government

Churchill is responsible for Part II of Lloyd George's National Insurance Act

1911LegislationDavid Lloyd George Dwyfor, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Responsible for Part I of the National Insurance Act, introducing Health Insurance

1911Loreburn Home Rule CommitteeHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Establishes a Home Rule committee under Lord Loreburn.

1911Military GovernorHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

Warfare / Military

Appointed Military Governor of Egypt

1911Motor Sledge ResponsibilityWilliam Lashly

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

On Scott's second expedition in Terra Nova in 1911-1913, Lashly was initially in charge of one of the expedition's two motor sledges which were to haul supplies southward in support of the polar party.

1911Motor Tractor Track WorkBernard Day

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Day machines replacement track rollers for the motor tractors using a lathe driven by a petrol engine inside the expedition base.

1911National Insurance ActClement Richard Attlee Attlee, 1st

Politics / Independent Labour Party

Tours the country as an official explainer for David Lloyd George's National Insurance Act

1911National Insurance Act LecturesClement Richard Attlee

Great Britain · Politics / Independent Labour Party

Tours Britain explaining the new National Insurance Act.

1911National Insurance Implementation PlanningRobert Laurie Morant

London · Economy / Welfare

Develops institutional machinery needed to implement the new scheme.

1911National Party AdministrationArthur Henderson

London · Government / Labour Party Government

Takes responsibility for national organization and parliamentary coordination.

1911Official Public Information TourClement Richard Attlee

Great Britain · Politics / Independent Labour Party

Builds political experience through public lectures on social reform.

1911Ottoman Syria FieldworkThomas Edward Lawrence

Carchemish · Science / Archaeology

Develops archaeological and regional knowledge through fieldwork in Syria.

1911Party LeaderAndrew Bonar Law

London · Government / Conservative Party Government

Appointed Party Party Leader of the Conservative Party

1911PeerageRobert Anthony Haldane

Cloan · Government / Liberal Party Government

Created Viscount Cloan

1911Peter and WendyJames Matthew Barrie

London · Arts / Literature

Publishes Peter and Wendy as a novel in Britain.

1911Peter Pan Novel PublishedJames Matthew Barrie

London · Arts / Literature

Reworks the Peter Pan story into its enduring prose form.

1911PoemsRupert Brooke

Arts / Poetry

Publication of "Poems"

1911Poems First EditionRupert Chawner Brooke

London · Arts / Poetry

Publishes his first collected volume titled Poems.

1911Reform of ParliamentGeorge V

London · House / House of Windsor

Insists an election is held to precede any reform to the House of Lords

1911Reform of ParliamentHardinge Stanley Giffard Halsbury, 1st

Politics / Conservative Party

During the crisis over the Parliament Act of 1911, Halsbury is one of the principal leaders of the rebel faction of Tory peers labelled the "Ditchers" who resolve on all out opposition to the Governments bill whatever happened

1911Reform of Unemployment SupportHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Liberal Government introduce unemployment insurance

1911Reform of Unemployment SupportDavid Lloyd George Dwyfor, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Introduces Health & Unemployment Insurance

1911ReportRoger Casement

Politics / Liberal Party

Completes the Putuymayo Report on the exploitation of rubber workers in Brazil

1911Saki Short-Story CollectionHector Hugh Munro

London · Arts / Literature

Collects satirical stories about Edwardian society and mischievous protagonists.

1911Scientific Higher EducationOliver Joseph Lodge

Birmingham · Science / Education

Promotes scientific research and technical higher education.

1911Sea Ice Temperature StudiesEdward W Nelson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Nelson obtains seawater temperatures from the sea ice, contributing regular marine observations to the expedition's scientific programme.

1911Secretary of Labour PartyArthur Henderson

Government / Labour Party Government

Appointed Secretary of the Labour Party

1911Secretary of State for AgricultureWalter Runciman Runciman, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

Appointed Minister of Agriculture

1911Secretary of State for DefenceSamuel Hughes

Government / Liberal Party Government

Appointed Minister of Defence

1911Short-Story CollectionEdward Morgan Forster

London · Arts / Literature

Collects fantasies exploring imagination, convention and spiritual discovery.

1911St Cyprian's SchoolGeorge Orwell Eric Arthur Blair

Eastbourne · Arts / Literature

Begins schooling at St Cyprian's in Eastbourne.

1911Taylor Valley Geological SurveyThomas Griffith Taylor

Taylor Valley · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Taylor leads geological investigations through the Dry Valleys, recording landforms and rock exposures west of McMurdo Sound.

1911Terra Nova Scientific CruiseHarry Lewin Lee Pennell

Ross Sea · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Supports charting and scientific observations around the Ross Sea.

1911The Ballad of the White HorseGilbert Keith Chesterton

London · Arts / Poetry

Publishes The Ballad of the White Horse.

1911The CardEnoch Arnold Bennett

London · Arts / Literature

Publishes The Card as a comic novel.

1911The Celestial OmnibusEdward Morgan Forster

London · Arts / Literature

Publishes The Celestial Omnibus and Other Stories.

1911The Chronicles of ClovisHector Hugh Munro

London · Arts / Literature

Publishes The Chronicles of Clovis under the name Saki.

1911The Country of the BlindHerbert George Wells

London · Arts / Literature

Publishes The Country of the Blind and Other Stories.

1911The Innocence of Father BrownGilbert Keith Chesterton

London · Arts / Literature

Publishes the first collection of Father Brown detective stories.

1911The New MachiavelliHerbert George Wells

Arts / Literature

Publication of "The New Machiavelli"

1911The Secret GardenFrances Hodgson Burnett

Arts / Literature

Publication of "The Secret Garden"

1911Titanic Fitting Out EngineeringEdward Wilding

Belfast · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Continues technical work while Titanic is fitted out at Harland and Wolff.

1911Titanic White Star PreparationJoseph Bruce Ismay

Liverpool · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Follows preparations for Titanic to enter White Star Line's Southampton to New York service.

1911Ty-Trist Colliery EmploymentAneurin Bevan

Tredegar · Politics / Labour Movement

Begins working underground at Ty-Trist Colliery.

1911Under Western EyesJoseph Conrad

Arts / Literature

Publication of "Under Western Eyes"

1911Unemployment Insurance IntroducedHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1st

Government / Liberal Party Government

The Liberal government introduces unemployment insurance.

1911Unemployment Insurance PlanningWilliam Henry Beveridge

London · Economy / Welfare

Contributes expertise to the new unemployment insurance provisions.

1911University of BirminghamOliver Lodge

Birmingham · Science / Education

Serves as principal of the University of Birmingham during its early expansion.

1911University of Birmingham LeadershipOliver Joseph Lodge

Birmingham · Science / Education

Serves as principal of the University of Birmingham.

1911Upper-Air Balloon ObservationsGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Uses balloons to investigate temperature and winds above Antarctica.

1911War Office PlanningHenry Hughes Wilson

London · Warfare / Military

Directs operational planning within the British War Office.

1911Weather StationGeorge Clarke Simpson

Cape Evans · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Maintains meteorological instruments at Cape Evans.

1911Wells Short-Story CollectionHerbert George Wells

London · Arts / Literature

Collects speculative tales addressing science, society and human perception.

1911Zuleika DobsonMax Beerbohm

Arts / Literature

Publication of "Zuleika Dobson"

Names involved

Andrew Bonar LawAneurin BevanAnton OmelchenkoApsley Cherry-GarrardArthur HendersonArthur James BalfourArthur James Balfour Balfour, 1stAugustine BirrellBernard DayCecil Henry MearesCharles GreenwayCharles Leonard WoolleyCharles Seymour WrightCharles Thomson Rees WilsonClement Richard AttleeClement Richard Attlee Attlee, 1stDavid Lloyd GeorgeDavid Lloyd George Dwyfor, 1stDmitri GirevEdward Adrian WilsonEdward GreyEdward Grey Fallodon, 1stEdward Leicester AtkinsonEdward Morgan ForsterEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell EvansEdward Ratcliffe Garth Russell Evans Mountevans, 1stEdward W NelsonEdward WildingEmily Wilding DavisonEnoch Arnold BennettFrances Hodgson BurnettFrancis Edward Charles DaviesFrank DebenhamFrederick HooperFrederick J HooperGeorge Clarke SimpsonGeorge Orwell Eric Arthur BlairGeorge VGilbert Keith ChestertonHardinge Stanley Giffard Halsbury, 1stHarry Lewin Lee PennellHector Hugh MunroHenry Herbert AsquithHenry Herbert Asquith Oxford, 1stHenry Hughes WilsonHenry Maitland Wilson Wilson, 1stHenry Robertson BowersHerbert George PontingHerbert George WellsHerbert Louis SamuelHoratio Herbert Kitchener KhartoumJames Matthew BarrieJames Ramsay MacDonaldJames Ramsey MacDonaldJohn Arbuthnot FisherJohn Denton Pinkstone FrenchJohn Denton Pinkstone French Ypres, 1stJohn Edward MasefieldJohn Edward RedmondJohn RedmondJoseph Bruce IsmayJoseph ConradLawrence Edward Grace OatesMax BeerbohmOliver Joseph LodgeOliver LodgePatrick KeohaneRaymond Edward PriestleyReginald McKennaRichard Burdon HaldaneRobert Anthony HaldaneRobert Falcon ScottRobert Laurie MorantRoger CasementRupert BrookeRupert Chawner BrookeSackville Hamilton CardenSamuel HughesTerry ThomasThomas BrockThomas DenmanThomas Edward LawrenceThomas Edward Lawrence of ArabiaThomas Griffith TaylorTom CreanVictor Lindsey CampbellWalter Aubrey ThomasWalter Runciman Runciman, 1stWilliam BowaterWilliam Henry BeveridgeWilliam LashlyWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Places involved

AgadirBay of WhalesBeardmore GlacierBelfastBirminghamButter PointCairoCambridgeCape AdareCape ColbeckCape CrozierCape EvansCarchemishCloanDelhiDevonportEastbourneFerrar GlacierFinchleyGreat BritainHut PointLiverpoolLondonMcMurdo SoundOne Ton DepotRoss Ice ShelfRoss IslandRoss SeaTaylor ValleyTredegarVictoria LandWestminster AbbeyYpres

Provenance

This page is generated from stored World History Database records matching the exact country and year shown above. Exact duplicate display records are collapsed. Records without a month are listed after the monthly sections. Source provenance varies by record; formal academic citation should be checked against the relevant primary source, archive or specialist historical reference.