Excalibur
After signing the Treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship
Permanent historical records · Updated 2026-11-03
1191 in Italy
Explore 13 historical events and records for Italy in 1191.
Historical records for Italy in 1191
Sorted by month and day. Records with no month are shown last. Showing 13 of 13 unique records.
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March
Invasion of Sicily
After signing the Treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship
Invasion of Sicily
Richard and Philip recognised Tancred as King of Sicily and vowed to keep the peace between all three of their kingdoms, Joan was to be released, receiving her dower along with the dowry, Richard officially proclaimed his nephew Arthur of Brittany as his heir presumptive,
Invasion of Sicily
Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a Treaty.
Invasion of Sicily
and Tancred promised to marry one of his daughters to Arthur when he came of age (Arthur was four years old at the time).
Peace Treaty
After signing the Treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship
Peace Treaty
Richard and Philip recognised Tancred as King of Sicily and vowed to keep the peace between all three of their kingdoms, Joan was to be released, receiving her dower along with the dowry, Richard officially proclaimed his nephew Arthur of Brittany as his heir presumptive,
Peace Treaty
and Tancred promised to marry one of his daughters to Arthur when he came of age (Arthur was four years old at the time).
Siege of Messina
Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a Treaty
April
Imperial Army
In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband at the head of a substantial imperial army that descended into the Regno
Imperial Army
Once Henry had withdrawn with the bulk of the imperial army, the towns that had supposedly fallen to the empire immediately declared their allegiance to Tancred, for the most part now fearing his retribution. The populace of Salerno saw an opportunity to win some favour with Tancred and delivered Constance to him in Messina
Invasion of Sicily
In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband at the head of a substantial imperial army that descended into the Regno
Invasion of Sicily
Once Henry had withdrawn with the bulk of the imperial army, the towns that had supposedly fallen to the empire immediately declared their allegiance to Tancred, for the most part now fearing his retribution. The populace of Salerno saw an opportunity to win some favour with Tancred and delivered Constance to him in Messina
How these records were prepared
Generated from the World History Database historical_events table. Identical display records are collapsed; descriptions otherwise retain the stored text. Coverage and source quality vary. Check primary and specialist sources before citing individual historical claims.