Battle of Cerignola
Serves in de Cordobas Spanish army during their victory against the French
Explore 6 historical events and records for Italy in 1503.
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Serves in de Cordobas Spanish army during their victory against the French
Serves in de Cordobas Spanish army during their victory against the French
Julius issued a dispensation allowing Henry VIII of England to marry Catherine of Aragon. Catherine had been married to Henry's deceased brother Prince Arthur but maintained she had remained a virgin during the marriage. 20 years later Henry sought to have his marriage annulled, claiming that the dispensation should never have been issued. The refusal of Pope Clement VII to grant the annulment led to the English Reformation
Machiavelli analyzed Cesare Borgia's declining position after the death of his papal patron. The case illustrated how extraordinary personal ability could be undone by hostile circumstances.
Machiavelli observed developments in Rome during the papal elections following Alexander VI's death. The rapid alteration of alliances supplied material for his reflections on fortune and political calculation.
Appointed Pope
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