Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot Biography

Birth of Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carot, Nolay in Burgundy, son of a lawyer

Appointed Captain of Engineers

Appointed Member of Legislative Assembly for the Pas de Calais

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot was appointed Member of Legislative Assembly for the Pas de Calais.

Carnot proposed demolishing internal citadels, arguing that fortresses could become instruments of tyranny against a free people.

Carnot joined the Legislative Assembly's military committee and became influential in questions of army organization.

Carnot challenged a model of absolute passive obedience and argued for reasoned military obedience away from the battlefield.

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Participates in the Convention for the trial of Louis XVI

Participates in the Convention for the trial of Louis XVI.

Carnot was appointed a commissioner to help organize the camp at Chalons during the growing military emergency.

Carnot supported distributing large numbers of muskets and pikes to National Guards during the crisis of 1792.

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot was sent to inspect the Army of the Rhine and to purge the Army.

Sent to inspect the Army of the Rhine & to purge the Army

Appointed Member of National Convention

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot became a member of the National Convention.

Appointed Member of National Convention

Appointed Member of National Convention

Appointed Member of National Convention

Carnot was sent to organize defence on the Spanish frontier and developed plans for the Pyrenean region.

Carnot was sent to the camp at Chalons to help form a new army for national defence.

Carnot was elected to the National Convention for Pas-de-Calais while engaged in military organization.

Appointed Member of Directory

Placed in charge of organisation & direction of the armies

Placed in charge of organisation & direction of the armies

Raises the Levee En Masse conscripting the entire male population of France, August. Creates 14 armies from untrained recruits

Raises the Levee En Masse conscripting the entire male population of France, August. Creates 14 armies from untrained recruits.

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot voted for the immediate execution of Louis XVI.

Votes for the immediate execution of Louis XVI

Votes for the immediate execution of Louis XVI

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot voted for the death of Louis XVI without delay.

Escapes an accusation of treason after the defeat of the Army of the North

Escapes an accusation of treason after the defeat of the Army of the North

Appointed Member of Committee of Public Safety

Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot became a member of the Committee of Public Safety.

Appointed Member of Committee of Public Safety

Helps generals Houchard & Jourdan relieve Dunkirk

The French raide the siege at Maubeuge as orderred by Carnot

The French raide the siege at Maubeuge as orderred by Carnot

The Army of the North defeats an Allied Army at Turcoing

The Army of the North defeats an Allied Army at Turcoing.

The Army of the North defeats an Allied Army at Turcoing

The Allied Army is forced to retreat northwards

A drawn Battle with the Allies

Appointed Member of Directory

Appointed Member of Directory

Appointed President of the National Convention

Appointed President of the National Convention

Appointed President of the National Convention

Appointed President of the National Convention

Carnot was promoted to chef de bataillon while continuing his political and military work during the final months of the Convention.

Carnot criticised the Constitution of Year III, particularly its bicameral legislature and the proposed organisation of executive power.

Appointed Head of the Directory

Appointed Head of the Directory

Carnot was elected to the Council of Ancients as the new constitutional system replaced the National Convention.

Carnot became a member of the newly organised Institut de France, reflecting his standing as both a scientist and revolutionary administrator.

Carnot joined the five-member Executive Directory and took responsibility for major military affairs.

Carnot assumed a leading role in directing military policy for the new Directory.

Carnot worked with Jourdan on operational planning as the Directory prepared renewed campaigns against Coalition armies.

Carnot supported replacing Pichegru with Moreau in a senior army command as the Directory reorganised its military leadership.

Carnot supported the appointment of Bonaparte as commander in chief of the Army of Italy.

Carnot continued coordinating military affairs as French armies campaigned in Italy and Germany during 1796.

Flees to Switzerland & Germany during the coup of Fructidor

Flees to Switzerland & Germany during the coup of Fructidor

Carnot opposed plans for an anti-royalist coup by fellow Directors as conflict intensified between the executive and elected councils.

Carnot reached Switzerland after escaping the Fructidor proscription and continued living outside France.

After Fructidor, Carnot was stripped of his Directorial office, legislative status and place in the Institut de France.

Removed from the Committee of Public Safety

Removed from the Committee of Public Safety

Carnot escaped arrest during the Fructidor coup and went into hiding before leaving France.

The coup of 18 Fructidor included Carnot in the proscription because he had opposed the action taken by Barras and allied Directors.

Appointed Minister of War by Napoleon

Appointed Minister of War by Napoleon

Appointed Member of Tribunate

Appointed Member of Tribunate

Exiled by Louis XVIII after the 100 days

Proscribed after Napoleon's downfall & retires to Germany

Appointed Minister of the Interior by Napoleon during the "100 days"

Appointed Minister of the Interior by Napoleon during the "100 days"