Succession
Succeeds as Sultan of Turkey
Role range: 1808-1839
Historical biography archive · Updated 2026-11-03
Mahmud II Biography and Timeline
Follow Mahmud II through 74 dated historical records for Turkey.
Mahmud II, historical timeline
A chronological timeline drawn from matching World History Database records.
74Distinct records
1 of 2Page
1808–1829Years on this page
1808
1809
Declaration of War
Declares war on Russia
Role range: 1809-1812 – 1808-1839
1811
Capture of Belgrade
Russia captures Belgrade & the Turkish army
Role range: 1809-1812 – 1808-1839
Massacre
Massacres the Mamelukes at Cairo
Role range: 1809-1812 – 1808-1839
Siege of Cairo
Massacres the Mamelukes at Cairo
Role range: 1809-1812 – 1808-1839
1820
Rule of Greece
The loss to the Greeks of their Romanian allies, followed by an Ottoman intervention on Wallachian soil, sealed defeat for the Greek exiles and culminated in the disastrous Battle of Dragashani and the destruction of the Sacred Band on 19 June
Role range: 1808-1839
1821
Invasion of Greece
The Ottoman Sultan negotiated with Mehmet Ali of Egypt, who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain
Role range: 1808-1839
1824
Battle of Mitylene
An Ottoman Army is defeated & nearly destroyed by the Greeks
Role range: 1808-1839
Capture of Ipsara
An Ottoman Army captures Ipsara from the Greeks
Role range: 1808-1839
1825
Rule of Danube
Recieves an ultimatum from Russia to restore the status quo to the Danube. Forced to obey Russias ultimatum by Britain & France
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Massacre
A corps loyal to Mahmud lay siege to Janissaries barracks & masacre 6,000-10,000
Role range: 1808-1839
Rebellion of Janissaries
Janissaries rebel after Mahmud orders a new corps to replace them
Role range: 1808-1839
1827
Siege of Athens
Turkish forces enter Athens & force the defenders of the Acropolis to capitulate
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Greek Autonomy
The treaty proposes an autonomous Greek polity that would remain under Ottoman suzerainty and pay tribute to the Sultan.
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Independence of Greece
The Turks are called on to make peace & grant Greek independence
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Independence of Turkey
The Turks are called on to make peace & grant Greek independence
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Treaty of London
The treaty offers mediation and autonomous Greek government under Ottoman suzerainty, but the Ottoman government rejects the proposed settlement.
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Treaty Crisis
Regards the London intervention as an unacceptable intrusion into Ottoman authority over the Greek provinces.
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Armistice Demand
Faces Allied demands for an end to hostilities between Ottoman forces and the Greek insurgents.
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Rejection of Mediation
Rejects the Allied mediation proposal and refuses to accept the autonomous Greek settlement proposed in London.
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Battle of Navarino
After the Ottoman government rejects Allied mediation, the Ottoman-Egyptian fleet is destroyed at Navarino by British, French and Russian squadrons.
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Independence of Greece
Turkish defeat at Navarino leads to Greek independence
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Independence of Turkey
Turkish defeat at Navarino leads to Greek independence
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Navarino Consequence
Loses much of the Ottoman-Egyptian fleet at Navarino after rejecting the Allied diplomatic settlement.
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Battle of Navarino
British & French fleets destroy the Turkish navy, the turning point in the war
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Jihad
After the Battle of Navarino proclaims jihad (holy war) against the European powers in his claimed role as khalifa (caliph, or spiritual leader) of all Muslims
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Convention of Akkerman
After the Battle of Navarino closes the Bosporus to international shipping, a move certain to provoke Russia, whose entire Black Sea trade had to pass through the Straits & revoked the Convention of Akkerman, signed with Russia the previous year
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Jihad
After the Battle of Navarino proclaims jihad (holy war) against the European powers in his claimed role as khalifa (caliph, or spiritual leader) of all Muslims
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
1828
Declaration of War
Russia declares war on the Porte, starting the 11th Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829)
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Declaration of War
Russia declares war on the Porte, starting the 11th Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829)
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Invasion of Dobruja
The main Russian forces, led by Emperor Nicholas I, cross the Danube and advance into Dobruja
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Capture of Athens
Greek nationalists capture Athens
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Capture of Thebes
Greek nationalists capture Thebes
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Invasion of Greece
With the help of a French expeditionary force, the Greeks drove the Turks out of the Peloponnese and proceeded to the captured part of Central Greece by 1828
Role range: 1808-1839
Invasion of Peloponnese
The French land a force of 10,000 soldiers in the Peloponnese to stop the Ottomans
Role range: 1821-1832 – 1808-1839
Rule of Peloponnese
With the help of a French expeditionary force, the Greeks drove the Turks out of the Peloponnese and proceeded to the captured part of Central Greece by 1828
Role range: 1808-1839
Rule of Armenia
Russia retains a part of Armenia under the Treaty of Turkmanchai
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Rule of Caspian Sea
Under the Treaty of Turkmanchai Russia has exclusive naval rights on the Caspian Sea
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Treaty of Turkmanchai
Ends the war between Russia & Persia
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
1829
Siege of Silistra
Silistra falls to the Russians
Role range: 1828-1829 – 1808-1839
Records, sources and methodology
These dates and descriptions come from the historical_events database. Exact duplicate records have been collapsed. Names are grouped by the country, Name 2 and Name 1 fields; records with missing Name 2 cannot be reliably assigned to an individual biography. Check the underlying sources before formal citation.