Eclipse Test Proposal
Encourages astronomical testing of gravitational light deflection during a solar eclipse.
Albert Einstein · Year
1913
Albert Einstein records dated 1913, drawn directly from the World History Database source collection.
Einstein-Besso Mercury Calculations
Works with Michele Besso on applying the developing gravitational theory to Mercury's orbit, creating calculations that later help solve the perihelion anomaly.
Einstein-Besso Mercury Perihelion Attempt
Einstein and Michele Besso calculated Mercury's anomalous perihelion motion with the provisional gravitational theory, creating a detailed test that the Entwurf equations failed to reproduce correctly.
Einstein-Grossmann Collaboration
Collaborates closely with Marcel Grossmann on the mathematical framework of gravitation.
Entwurf Field Equations Proposed
The Entwurf collaboration introduced provisional field equations intended to connect the spacetime metric with matter, giving Einstein a concrete but still incomplete relativistic theory of gravitation.
Entwurf Theory
Publishes the Entwurf gravitational theory with Marcel Grossmann as an intermediate step toward general relativity.
Entwurf Theory Links Metric to Matter
Einstein's developing theory treated the metric field as physically determined by matter and energy, moving the gravitational problem toward the geometry-source relationship later embodied in his final equations.
Entwurf Theory Published with Grossmann
Einstein and Marcel Grossmann published the Entwurf theory, an intermediate gravitational framework that used tensor methods but did not yet possess the full general covariance of general relativity.
Hole Argument Used Against General Covariance
Einstein developed the hole argument as a reason to distrust unrestricted general covariance, a position he later abandoned when completing general relativity in 1915.