Berlin Academy Appointment
Moves to Berlin for a senior research appointment and membership of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
Albert Einstein · Year
1914
Albert Einstein records dated 1914, drawn directly from the World History Database source collection.
Covariance Problem in Gravitation
Publishes work refining the mathematical and covariance problems of his developing gravitational theory.
Covariance Restrictions Defended
Einstein defended the restricted covariance of his provisional gravitational equations, believing at the time that broader coordinate freedom would prevent a unique physical description.
Einstein-Grossmann Covariance Analysis
Continues with Grossmann to examine covariance properties of their gravitational equations, exposing problems that eventually drive Einstein back toward general covariance.
Formal Entwurf Theory Presented in Berlin
Einstein gave a systematic mathematical presentation of the Entwurf gravitational theory after moving to Berlin, clarifying its field equations, coordinate restrictions and physical assumptions.
Formal Foundations of General Relativity
Publishes a detailed formal treatment of the developing gravitational theory, presenting its mathematical structure before he restores fully general covariance.
Gravitational Conservation Laws Reconsidered
Einstein investigated how energy and momentum conservation should be formulated when the gravitational field itself participates in the dynamics of spacetime.
Manifesto to Europeans
Co-signs a pacifist appeal opposing wartime nationalism among European intellectuals.
Nordstrom Gravitation Recast with Fokker
With Adriaan Fokker, reformulates Nordstrom's competing gravitation theory using tensor methods, clarifying how relativistic gravity could be expressed geometrically.
Rotating Coordinates Test the Entwurf Theory
Einstein examined rotating coordinate systems as a demanding consistency test for the Entwurf equations, exposing difficulties that contributed to his later rejection of the provisional theory.