24 March 1544Invasion of ScotlandHenry VIII
Henry VIII issues instructions blaming Cardinal Beaton and Scottish opponents of the marriage alliance.
Historical records for England in 1544, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
Henry VIII issues instructions blaming Cardinal Beaton and Scottish opponents of the marriage alliance.
Henry VIIIs Eighth Parliament closes. Delivers a speech in Parliament for religious unity & ends the Parliamentary session
Parliament confirms Henry VIII's royal style including King of Ireland, Defender of the Faith and Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland.
Parliament confirms Henry VIII's style as Defender of the Faith and Supreme Head of the Church of England and Ireland.
The King's Style Act makes it treason to attempt to deprive Henry VIII of his royal titles and religious style.
Elizabeth is restored to the line of succession after Mary, without reversing her illegitimacy.
Mary is restored to the line of succession after Edward, without reversing her illegitimacy.
The Act places Prince Edward first in the line of succession as Henry VIII's male heir.
The Third Succession Act receives royal assent, revising the Tudor succession settlement.
The Treason Act allows treasons committed outside the king's dominions to be tried within England.
The Privy Council issues instructions for Hertford's punitive expedition against Scotland.
Resigns the Great Seal
Death of Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden
Edward Seymour, Lord Hertford, gathers English forces for the invasion of southern Scotland.
Hertford's army lands at Leith during the punitive expedition ordered by Henry VIII.
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, lands at Leith with an English expeditionary force during the Rough Wooing.
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, commands the English expedition that lands at Leith.
Hertford's expedition lands at Leith to punish Scotland for rejecting Henry VIII's marriage policy.
Major hostilities begin with an attack on Edinburgh, led by the Earl of Hertford and Viscount Lisle
Major hostilities began with an attack on Edinburgh, led by the Earl of Hertford and Viscount Lisle. Hertford had instructions to burn Edinburgh and issue Henry's proclamation of 24 March 1544, which laid the blame on Cardinal Beaton's "sinister enticement" of Regent Arran
English forces take Leith as the expedition advances toward Edinburgh.
The troops entered Edinburgh's Canongate, and set the city on fire. Edinburgh Castle was defended by cannon fire commanding the Royal Mile. Hertford decided not to lay siege but thoroughly burn the city. According to the English contemporary account, all the houses within the suburbs and city walls were burnt including Holyroodhouse and the Abbey
Hertford's army enters Edinburgh during Henry VIII's punitive campaign against Scotland.
Hertford's troops damage Holyrood and nearby religious buildings during the attack on Edinburgh.
English forces sack and burn Edinburgh as part of Henry VIII's Rough Wooing policy.
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, sacks and burns Edinburgh during the Rough Wooing.
English forces sack and burn Edinburgh during the Rough Wooing.
The burning of Edinburgh is intended to force Scotland to accept the Edward and Mary marriage.
Holyrood Abbey and nearby buildings suffer destruction during Hertford's raid.
The destruction of Edinburgh becomes one of the most notorious actions of Henry VIII's Rough Wooing.
The raid is intended to punish Scotland for rejecting the Treaty of Greenwich and the proposed Edward and Mary marriage.
Holyrood Abbey and buildings around the abbey are damaged during Hertford's raid.
Hertford withdraws after devastating Edinburgh, Leith and nearby settlements.
Seymour captures & burns Leith
The invasion is designed to intimidate Scottish political leaders and weaken resistance to English terms.
Seymour captures & burns Leith
English forces gather in the Pale of Calais for a two-pronged campaign against France.
Orders Norfolk toward Montreuil and Suffolk toward Boulogne during the French campaign.
John Cheke is summoned from Cambridge to help educate Prince Edward in languages, scripture, philosophy and the liberal sciences.
Henry joins his troops in Calais
Henry VIII crosses the Channel with an invasion force during the renewed war against France.
The Duke of Suffolk begins the English siege of Boulogne-sur-Mer.
Norfolk's army begins operations against Montreuil but fails to take the town.
English artillery bombards Boulogne as Henry VIII takes personal command of the siege.
The French garrison agrees to surrender after English mining and bombardment breach the defences.
Boulogne falls to Henry VIII and becomes an English possession on the French coast.
Clinton helps Henry VIII capture Boulogne-sur-Mer
Henry VIII besieges & takes Boulogne-sur-Mer, his only success in the French campaign
English forces capture Boulogne-sur-Mer during Henry VIII's war with France.
Involved in negotiating the surrender of the French town of Hardelot
Henry VIII besieges & takes Boulogne-sur-Mer, his only success in the French campaign
Clinton helps Henry VIII capture Boulogne-sur-Mer
Henry VIII besieges & takes Boulogne-sur-Mer, his only success in the French campaign
Involved in negotiating the surrender of the French town of Hardelot
Charles V makes separate peace with France, leaving Henry VIII isolated in the war.
Henry VIII leaves France after ordering Boulogne to be held against French counter-attack.
A French assault nearly retakes Boulogne but is repulsed by the English garrison.
The troops of Mary of Guise & the Earl of Arran make a stand against the English
The troops of Mary of Guise & the Earl of Arran make a stand against the English
Appointed Admiral to the Fleet to guard the Channel
Henry VIII cultivates Scottish nobles willing to support the English marriage alliance.
Buried at Saffron Walden
Brandon captures Boulogne-sur-Mer
Captures Boulogne-sur-Mer under Edward Seymour
Seymour captures & burns Edinburgh
Charles V comes to terms with Francis I without consulting his English ally
Edward receives an intensive humanist education centred on Latin, Greek, scripture, rhetoric and classical authors.
Henry invades France, carried in a litter at the head of an army of 40,000. Charles V comes to terms with Francis I, without consulting his English ally
Henry VIII is forced to retreat from France when Charles V & Francois I make peace
The invasions of 1544 and 1545 are led by Edward Seymour (Earl of Hertford; later Duke of Somerset)
Henry VIII supports assured Scots who promise to back the English marriage alliance and oppose the French faction.
Seymour leads an invasion of Scotland
Knighted in Edinburgh by Edward Seymour for his role in the capture of Edinburgh
The 3rd Act of Succession restores Mary & Elizabeth to the succession after Edward
The 3rd Act of Succession restores Mary & Elizabeth to the succession after Edward
The 3rd Act of Succession restores Mary & Elizabeth to the succession after Edward
Under the 3rd Act of Succession a Regency Council will be established if Henry dies during Edward's minority
Appointed Lieutenant General of the Army in France
Appointed Lieutenant General of the Army in France
Appointed Lord Chancellor
Appointed Master of the Ordnance
Henry VIII is forced to retreat from France when Charles V & Francois I make peace
Maintains links with reform-minded clergy and courtiers.
The 3rd Act of Succession restores Mary & Elizabeth to the succession after Edward. A Regency Council will be established if Henry dies during Edward's minority
The 3rd Act of Succession restores Mary & Elizabeth to the succession after Edward
Mary is included among potential heirs under Henry VIII's later succession arrangements
Brandon helps capture Boulogne-sur-Mer
Dudley helps capture Boulogne-sur-Mer under Edward Seymour
Edward Seymour takes part in Henry VIII's campaign against Boulogne-sur-Mer.
Knighted in Edinburgh by Edward Seymour for his role in the capture of Edinburgh
Henry burns Edinburgh in revenge for the annullment of the Treaty of Greenwich
Seymour captures & burns Edinburgh
Sends an armada to the Firth of Forth
The 3rd Act of Succession restores Mary & Elizabeth to the succession after Edward
Appointed Treasurer of Court of Augmentations
Henry burns Edinburgh in revenge for the annullment of the Treaty of Greenwich
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