12 January 1640Created Baron RabyThomas Wentworth Strafford, 1st
Wentworth received the additional title Baron Raby when he became Earl of Strafford.
Historical records for England in 1640, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
Wentworth received the additional title Baron Raby when he became Earl of Strafford.
Wentworth is created Earl of Strafford and elevated within the English peerage.
Strafford receives the senior title of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
Charles issues the summons for a Parliament to meet in April.
Charles issues the summons for a Parliament to meet in April.
Strafford returned to Ireland to obtain money and troops for the Scottish war.
Strafford secured four subsidies from the Irish Parliament for the King's military programme.
The Commons elects Glanville to preside over the Short Parliament.
Hampden returns to Parliament as a prominent opponent of ship money.
Ashley-Cooper sits for Tewkesbury when the Short Parliament assembles.
Holles is returned for Dorchester when Parliament meets in April.
Pym is returned for Tavistock and prepares to lead opposition in the Commons.
St John enters the Short Parliament after his prominent legal opposition to ship money.
Charles addresses his first English Parliament since dissolving Parliament in 1629.
Charles addresses his first English Parliament since dissolving Parliament in 1629.
Pym emerges as a leading Commons spokesman when the Short Parliament opens.
Hampden opposes granting subsidies before the Commons examines national grievances.
Strafford urged the Short Parliament to grant supplies before debating wider political grievances.
Charles asks both Houses to provide rapid financial support against Scotland.
Charles asks both Houses to provide rapid financial support against Scotland.
Charles summons Parliament after eleven years to seek funds for war against the Covenanters.
Charles summons Parliament after eleven years to seek funds for war against the Covenanters.
Holles participates in opposition to unconditional subsidies during the Short Parliament.
Glanville opens Commons business during the first Parliament held since 1629.
Charles ends eleven years of Personal Rule by meeting the Short Parliament.
Charles ends eleven years of Personal Rule by meeting the Short Parliament.
The King asks the Commons to finance military operations against the Scottish Covenanters.
The King asks the Commons to finance military operations against the Scottish Covenanters.
Pym identifies religious innovation, arbitrary taxation and ministerial misconduct as national grievances.
The Commons insists that grievances must be addressed before voting money for war.
The Commons insists that grievances must be addressed before voting money for war.
Pym argues that constitutional grievances must precede any grant of taxation.
Pym catalogues political, financial and religious grievances before discussing supply.
Hampden supports examining grievances before granting the King new taxation.
Pym links the Commons refusal of supply to abuses committed during Personal Rule.
Pym links the Commons refusal of supply to abuses committed during Personal Rule.
St John supports parliamentary opposition to taxation imposed without parliamentary approval.
Pym delivers the central Commons argument against voting subsidies before redress.
Charles presses the Commons to decide quickly whether it will grant subsidies.
Charles presses the Commons to decide quickly whether it will grant subsidies.
Arundel supports the Lords recommendation that the Commons grant money before debating grievances.
Pym opposes the Lords attempt to influence taxation proceedings in the Commons.
Wandesford administered Ireland after Strafford returned to England for the parliamentary and military crisis.
St John explains the constitutional objections to ship money during parliamentary debate.
Strafford raised an Irish army intended to support Charles against the Scottish Covenanters.
Pym urges Charles to negotiate with Scotland and continue parliamentary deliberation.
Pym joins efforts asking the King to delay dissolution and address grievances.
Charles decides that continuing debate will not produce the requested subsidies.
Charles decides that continuing debate will not produce the requested subsidies.
Strafford supported continued royal action after Charles dissolved the Short Parliament.
Charles dissolves the Short Parliament after the Commons refuses immediate war subsidies.
Charles dissolves the Short Parliament after the Commons refuses immediate war subsidies.
Glanville’s brief speakership ends when Charles dissolves Parliament.
Charles dissolves Parliament after failing to obtain money for the renewed Scottish war.
Charles dissolves Parliament after failing to obtain money for the renewed Scottish war.
Laud continues Convocation after the Short Parliament has been dissolved.
Laud keeps Convocation sitting after Parliament ends by issuing a new royal commission.
Laud escapes an armed crowd that attacks Lambeth Palace during the night.
Convocation adopts new canons asserting royal authority and stricter religious conformity.
Convocation grants six clerical subsidies to help finance the King’s Scottish war.
The new canons require clergy and professionals to swear the disputed Et Cetera Oath.
The Scottish Parliament begins its second session amid constitutional conflict with Charles.
The Scottish Parliament begins its second session amid constitutional conflict with Charles.
Scottish legislation proceeds without the King’s assent during the constitutional confrontation.
Scottish legislation proceeds without the King’s assent during the constitutional confrontation.
The Scottish Parliament asserts that its measures may become law without royal assent.
The Scottish Parliament asserts that its measures may become law without royal assent.
The second Scottish parliamentary session ends after challenging royal authority.
The second Scottish parliamentary session ends after challenging royal authority.
A further Scottish parliamentary session begins without normal royal direction.
A further Scottish parliamentary session begins without normal royal direction.
Charles concentrates poorly supplied English forces in northern England.
Charles concentrates poorly supplied English forces in northern England.
Strafford became lieutenant general under the Earl of Northumberland for the second campaign against Scotland.
Strafford works to organise and discipline the English army assembled against Scotland.
Northumberland held nominal command of the royal army while illness limited his active service.
Charles leaves London to supervise the English war effort in northern England.
Charles leaves London to supervise the English war effort in northern England.
The Covenanter army crosses into England and advances through Northumberland.
The Covenanter army crosses into England and advances through Northumberland.
Strafford attempted to restore order after the English defeat at Newburn opened northern England to Scottish occupation.
Monck helps preserve English artillery during the retreat from Newburn.
Scottish Covenanters defeat the English army at Newburn.
The Covenanter army defeats English forces attempting to defend the River Tyne crossings.
Scottish Covenanters defeat the English army at Newburn.
The Covenanter army defeats English forces attempting to defend the River Tyne crossings.
Conway commands English troops defending the River Tyne crossings against the Covenanters.
Astley commands infantry supporting the English defensive position near Newburn.
Monck organises part of the English withdrawal after the position collapses.
Essex joins peers requesting a Parliament after the defeat at Newburn.
Bristol urges the King to seek parliamentary assistance during the national emergency.
Saye and Sele signs the petition demanding a Parliament and redress of grievances.
Brooke joins the aristocratic opposition demanding constitutional consultation.
Howard of Escrick signs the peers petition seeking parliamentary government.
Mandeville supports the peers appeal for Parliament after military defeat.
Paget urges Charles to call Parliament and settle the Scottish conflict.
Warwick signs the request for Parliament and an end to arbitrary government.
Bedford signs the peers petition urging Charles to summon Parliament and negotiate peace.
Hertford supports the petition for parliamentary advice and a negotiated settlement.
Mulgrave supports summoning Parliament to address war, finance and religious grievances.
Wharton joins the petitioners demanding Parliament and investigation of grievances.
Scottish forces occupy Newcastle after victory at Newburn.
The Scottish Covenanter army occupies Newcastle after the English defeat at Newburn.
Scottish forces occupy Newcastle after victory at Newburn.
The Scottish Covenanter army occupies Newcastle after the English defeat at Newburn.
The city admits the Covenanter army after English commanders withdraw.
The city admits the Covenanter army after English commanders withdraw.
Charles’s defeated northern army withdraws toward York after abandoning Newcastle.
Charles’s defeated northern army withdraws toward York after abandoning Newcastle.
Strafford's illness restricted his ability to organise the demoralised royal army.
Scottish troops extend their occupation southward into County Durham.
Scottish troops extend their occupation southward into County Durham.
Strafford attended the Great Council of Peers convened to address the military and financial emergency.
Charles asks assembled peers for advice following the Scottish invasion.
Charles asks assembled peers for advice following the Scottish invasion.
Charles convenes a Great Council of Peers after military defeat in the north.
Charles convenes a Great Council of Peers after military defeat in the north.
Vane advises Charles during the emergency meeting of peers at York.
Charles announces that a new Parliament will meet in November.
Charles announces that a new Parliament will meet in November.
Vane participates in discussions recommending negotiation with the Scottish army.
The Great Council advises Charles to summon Parliament and continue peace negotiations.
The Great Council advises Charles to summon Parliament and continue peace negotiations.
The Scottish army advances beyond Newcastle and occupies parts of Durham.
The Scottish army advances beyond Newcastle and occupies parts of Durham.
Arundel serves among the English commissioners negotiating with the Covenanters.
Charles authorises negotiations with Scottish commissioners after the English military collapse.
Charles authorises negotiations with Scottish commissioners after the English military collapse.
English and Scottish commissioners begin formal negotiations at Ripon.
English and Scottish commissioners begin formal negotiations at Ripon.
Scottish forces retain Durham as security until a final peace settlement.
Scottish forces retain Durham as security until a final peace settlement.
The treaty leaves Scottish forces occupying Northumberland while negotiations continue.
The treaty leaves Scottish forces occupying Northumberland while negotiations continue.
The treaty suspends the Second Bishops War and establishes temporary occupation arrangements.
The treaty suspends the Second Bishops War and establishes temporary occupation arrangements.
The Ripon settlement allows Scottish forces to remain quartered in County Durham.
The Ripon settlement allows Scottish forces to remain quartered in County Durham.
Charles accepts daily payments supporting the occupying Scottish army.
Charles accepts daily payments supporting the occupying Scottish army.
The Treaty of Ripon permits the Scottish army to remain in Durham pending settlement.
The Treaty of Ripon permits the Scottish army to remain in Durham pending settlement.
The Ripon agreement recognises continued Scottish occupation of Northumberland.
The Ripon agreement recognises continued Scottish occupation of Northumberland.
English and Scottish commissioners sign the treaty ending active hostilities.
English and Scottish commissioners sign the treaty ending active hostilities.
Charles agrees to pay the Scottish army eight hundred and fifty pounds daily.
Charles agrees to pay the Scottish army eight hundred and fifty pounds daily.
Public demonstrations urge the King to summon another Parliament.
Public demonstrations urge the King to summon another Parliament.
Strafford opposed concessions that would leave the Scottish army occupying northern counties at English expense.
Royal writs initiate elections for the Parliament scheduled to meet in November.
Royal writs initiate elections for the Parliament scheduled to meet in November.
Lenthall assumes the chair and begins presiding over the Long Parliament.
Pym coordinates attacks on ministers, taxation and religious innovations.
Pym maintains discreet communication with Scottish opponents of royal religious policy.
The Commons elects Lenthall as Speaker at the opening of the Long Parliament.
Cambridge electors return Cromwell to the Long Parliament.
Grimston is returned for Colchester and becomes a leading critic of Personal Rule.
Culpeper enters the Long Parliament as a representative of Kent.
Oxford University returns Selden to the Long Parliament.
Glynne is elected for Westminster and becomes active in legal proceedings.
Ashley-Cooper enters the Long Parliament as member for Downton.
Cromwell is returned as member for Cambridge in the Long Parliament.
Hampden is re-elected and helps coordinate parliamentary opposition.
Haselrig is elected for Leicestershire and joins the parliamentary opposition.
Hyde is elected for Saltash and supports early constitutional reforms.
Pym again represents Tavistock and assumes leadership of the Commons reform programme.
Strode returns to Parliament after imprisonment following the 1629 confrontation.
Vane enters the Long Parliament with access to sensitive government information.
Selden argues that established law limits exercises of royal prerogative.
Montagu enters the Long Parliament as a prominent critic of Personal Rule.
Culpeper serves during debates over taxation, religion and royal authority.
Glynne joins parliamentary efforts to investigate abuses committed during Personal Rule.
Haselrig enters the Long Parliament as a determined opponent of royal policies.
Hyde enters the Long Parliament and initially supports constitutional reform.
Charles seeks parliamentary funds for English troops and payments owed to the Scots.
Charles seeks parliamentary funds for English troops and payments owed to the Scots.
Lenthall begins presiding over a Commons determined to investigate Personal Rule.
Charles opens the Parliament later known as the Long Parliament.
Charles opens the Parliament later known as the Long Parliament.
Payments required by the Ripon treaty make parliamentary taxation unavoidable.
Payments required by the Ripon treaty make parliamentary taxation unavoidable.
The Parliament beginning in November later becomes known for its exceptional duration.
The Parliament beginning in November later becomes known for its exceptional duration.
The military and financial crisis forces Charles to recall Parliament.
The military and financial crisis forces Charles to recall Parliament.
Charles assembles Parliament because war and occupation have exhausted royal finances.
Charles assembles Parliament because war and occupation have exhausted royal finances.
Pym seeks systematic remedies for abuses associated with the King’s Personal Rule.
Charles asks Parliament to finance the armies and relieve counties occupied by the Scots.
Charles asks Parliament to finance the armies and relieve counties occupied by the Scots.
Charles calls the Long Parliament following defeat and settlement in the Bishops Wars.
Charles calls the Long Parliament following defeat and settlement in the Bishops Wars.
Financial obligations under the Ripon settlement compel Charles to meet Parliament.
Financial obligations under the Ripon settlement compel Charles to meet Parliament.
Members begin challenging taxation, religious policy and ministers associated with Personal Rule.
Members begin challenging taxation, religious policy and ministers associated with Personal Rule.
Montagu joins peers seeking ministerial accountability and regular parliamentary government.
Pym supports creation of a grand committee to examine religious grievances.
Grimston condemns illegal taxation, religious corruption and mistreatment of political opponents.
Strafford returns to face the hostile Long Parliament despite warnings from allies.
Pym and his allies prepared to strike against Strafford before the Earl could act against them.
The Lords ordered Strafford into custody after the Commons delivered its impeachment accusation.
The Commons impeaches Strafford for high treason and attacks his conduct of government.
Pym moves rapidly to impeach Strafford as the principal architect of arbitrary government.
Strafford is committed to the Tower after the Commons presents its impeachment.
Strafford enters the Tower while the Lords consider the impeachment accusations.
Burton returns publicly after punishment for attacking episcopal religious policy.
Bastwick receives a popular welcome after release from island imprisonment.
Crowds welcome Prynne back from imprisonment imposed by the prerogative courts.
Pym encourages committees to hear petitions from people harmed during Personal Rule.
Glynne assists parliamentary preparation of the legal case against Strafford.
Rous supports comprehensive reform of church government after the petition arrives.
Penington presents a mass London petition calling for abolition of episcopacy.
Rous supports the petition demanding abolition of episcopal church government.
A mass petition asks Parliament to abolish episcopacy within the Church of England.
A mass petition asks Parliament to abolish episcopacy within the Church of England.
Scottish commissioners submitted accusations concerning Strafford's role in the wars and his actions against Scots in Ireland.
The Commons impeaches Laud for high treason and attacks his religious policies.
Parliament investigates Wren’s enforcement of Laudian religious practices.
The Commons prepares charges over ship money judgments and abuses of judicial authority.
Finch flees abroad to avoid parliamentary prosecution for conduct during Personal Rule.
Cromwell moves the second reading of a bill proposing annual parliamentary sessions.
Dering criticises abuses by bishops while initially favouring reformed episcopal government.
Hampden supports inquiries into judges who upheld the national ship money levy.
Cromwell supports measures intended to prevent another prolonged suspension of Parliament.
Vane supplies notes used to argue that Strafford advocated government beyond legal restraint.
The presence of Marie de Medici and her household intensifies fears of Catholic influence.
The presence of Marie de Medici and her household intensifies fears of Catholic influence.
Scottish troops remain in northern England pending a permanent settlement.
Scottish troops remain in northern England pending a permanent settlement.
This page is generated from stored World History Database records matching the exact country and year shown above. Exact duplicate display records are collapsed. Records without a month are listed after the monthly sections. Source provenance varies by record; formal academic citation should be checked against the relevant primary source, archive or specialist historical reference.