1 January 1642Commons Meets at GuildhallJohn Pym
Pym participates as the Commons temporarily meets in the City for protection.
Historical records for England in 1642, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
Pym participates as the Commons temporarily meets in the City for protection.
Charles appoints Culpeper Chancellor of the Exchequer during the constitutional crisis.
Mandeville is accused alongside the five members of the House of Commons.
Charles I accuses John Hampden and other parliamentary leaders of high treason.
Charles I accuses Arthur Haselrig and other parliamentary leaders of high treason.
Charles I accuses Denzil Holles and other parliamentary leaders of high treason.
Charles accuses Holles and the other parliamentary leaders of high treason.
Charles I accuses Lord Mandeville alongside the five Commons members.
Charles I accuses John Pym and other parliamentary leaders of high treason.
Charles I accuses William Strode and other parliamentary leaders of high treason.
Charles formally accuses five Commons members and Lord Mandeville of high treason.
Charles formally accuses five Commons members and Lord Mandeville of high treason.
Hampden is accused alongside Pym and other parliamentary leaders.
Haselrig becomes one of the parliamentary leaders accused of treason.
Holles is included among the Commons members accused by Charles.
Pym is named as a principal target in the King's treason accusation.
Strode is named with the other Commons members in the royal accusation.
Charles enters the Commons but finds the accused members have escaped.
Holles is one of the five Commons members sought by Charles I during the failed arrest attempt at Westminster.
Charles enters the Commons but finds the accused members have escaped.
Pym avoids arrest when Charles I enters the House of Commons seeking five leading opponents of royal policy.
Charles enters the Commons with an armed escort seeking the accused members.
Charles enters the Commons with an armed escort seeking the accused members.
Hampden avoids the attempted royal arrest and shelters within the City.
Haselrig escapes the Commons and takes refuge among parliamentary supporters.
Holles leaves Westminster before the King arrives to arrest him.
Pym reaches safety in the City before the King enters the Commons.
Strode evades the royal attempt to seize the five Commons members.
Hampden escapes before Charles enters the Commons to arrest the parliamentary leaders.
Haselrig avoids arrest when Charles enters the Commons seeking the Five Members.
Pym evades arrest and takes refuge within the City of London.
Strode avoids capture when the King enters the Commons.
Lenthall refuses to disclose the missing members' location without instructions from the House.
Lenthall refuses to reveal the Five Members' whereabouts and declares himself the servant of the House.
Penington supports City resistance to royal efforts to capture the parliamentary leaders.
Popular opposition after the failed arrests causes Charles and the royal family to leave Whitehall.
Popular opposition after the failed arrests causes Charles and the royal family to leave Whitehall.
Parliament appoints Skippon to command the London Trained Bands.
Parliament appoints Skippon commander of the London Trained Bands.
Charles and the royal family leave London after popular demonstrations support Parliament.
Charles and the royal family leave London after popular demonstrations support Parliament.
The royal family moves from Whitehall to Hampton Court amid public unrest.
The royal family moves from Whitehall to Hampton Court amid public unrest.
Pym returns to Westminster with the other accused Commons members.
Pym returns to Parliament by river with the other accused members.
Charles sends Parliament a conciliatory message after leaving London.
Charles sends Parliament a conciliatory message after leaving London.
Digby attends a Royalist recruiting muster at Kingston-upon-Thames.
Digby leaves England to avoid arrest after supporting the attempted action against parliamentary leaders.
Charles sends another message seeking negotiations with the two Houses.
Charles sends another message seeking negotiations with the two Houses.
Greene is executed at Tyburn for exercising his Catholic priesthood.
Roe is executed at Tyburn after conviction as a Catholic priest.
Parliament appoints Hotham governor of Hull and its important military magazine.
Holles seeks support in the Lords for parliamentary control of the militia.
Charles offers a pardon to the Commons members previously accused of treason.
Charles offers a pardon to the Commons members previously accused of treason.
Charles announces that Henrietta Maria and Princess Mary will travel to Holland.
Charles announces that Henrietta Maria and Princess Mary will travel to Holland.
Dering is released after imprisonment arising from conflict with Parliament.
Charles assents to legislation excluding bishops from the House of Lords and temporal offices.
Charles assents to legislation excluding bishops from the House of Lords and temporal offices.
Legislation removes bishops from the House of Lords and secular government positions.
Legislation removes bishops from the House of Lords and secular government positions.
Charles assents to the exclusion of bishops from the House of Lords.
Charles assents to the exclusion of bishops from the House of Lords.
Henrietta Maria sails for the Netherlands carrying valuables used to obtain military supplies.
Henrietta Maria sails for the Netherlands with Princess Mary and part of the crown jewels.
Princess Mary travels with her mother to join the Prince of Orange.
Hyde prepares arguments defending the King's traditional authority over the militia.
Charles refuses Parliament's demand for control of the militia.
Charles refuses Parliament's demand for control of the militia.
Charles rejects Parliament's demand to appoint the kingdom's militia commanders.
Charles rejects Parliament's demand to appoint the kingdom's militia commanders.
Hyde drafts the King's reply refusing Parliament's proposed control of the militia.
Essex supports Parliament's claim to direct armed forces without royal assent.
Parliament passes the Militia Ordinance to place county forces under its nominees.
Essex supports implementation of Parliament's Militia Ordinance.
Parliament passes the Militia Ordinance to place county forces under its nominees.
Pym supports Parliament's Militia Ordinance, which places county military forces under commanders approved by Parliament.
Pym supports an ordinance placing county militias under parliamentary nominees.
Pym supports legislation financing operations in Ireland through future land grants.
Charles establishes his court at York while gathering northern political support.
Charles establishes his court at York while gathering northern political support.
Parliament asserts that its ordinances may operate without the King's assent during the emergency.
Parliament asserts that its ordinances may operate without the King's assent during the emergency.
Parliament claims authority to issue binding ordinances without royal assent.
Parliament claims authority to issue binding ordinances without royal assent.
Batten becomes second in command under Warwick as Parliament secures the allegiance of most of the fleet.
Hotham denies the King access to Hull's large store of weapons and ammunition.
Charles denounces Hotham after being refused entry to Hull.
Charles denounces Hotham after being refused entry to Hull.
Charles travels from York to demand entry to Hull and its military magazine.
Charles travels from York to demand entry to Hull and its military magazine.
Hotham refuses Charles entry to Hull under Parliament's instructions.
Hotham refuses Charles entry to Hull and denies him access to the town's magazine.
Hotham refuses Charles I entry to Hull and its military magazine.
Hotham refuses Charles entry to Hull under Parliament's instructions.
Charles reports Hotham's refusal to Parliament and demands redress.
Charles reports Hotham's refusal to Parliament and demands redress.
Parliament endorses Hotham's refusal and maintains control of the Hull magazine.
Charles proposes transferring the central law courts from London to York.
Charles proposes transferring the central law courts from London to York.
Parliament declares the proposed transfer of the law courts unlawful.
Parliament declares the proposed transfer of the law courts unlawful.
Parliament declares that the King's military preparations amount to war against Parliament.
Parliament declares that the King's military preparations amount to war against Parliament.
Parliament approves the Nineteen Propositions demanding extensive control over ministers, armed forces and royal policy.
Parliament approves the Nineteen Propositions demanding extensive control over ministers, armed forces and royal policy.
Pym supports demands for parliamentary control over ministers, religion and the armed forces.
Charles receives Parliament's proposals for a major transfer of royal authority.
Charles receives Parliament's proposals for a major transfer of royal authority.
Fairfax presents a Yorkshire petition urging the King to return to Westminster.
Charles issues commissions authorising supporters to muster county forces.
Charles issues commissions authorising supporters to muster county forces.
Charles authorises supporters to muster county forces through commissions of array.
Charles authorises supporters to muster county forces through commissions of array.
Charles rejects the proposals and defends the established balance of the constitution.
Charles rejects the proposals and defends the established balance of the constitution.
The King rejects Parliament's programme for controlling ministers, religion and the armed forces.
The King rejects Parliament's programme for controlling ministers, religion and the armed forces.
Parliament appoints Warwick to command the fleet against royal instructions.
Most naval captains accept Warwick and declare their support for Parliament.
Most of the fleet rejects royal orders and accepts Parliament's admiral.
Most of the fleet rejects royal orders and accepts Parliament's admiral.
Penington cannot secure obedience after the fleet chooses Warwick.
Batten supports Warwick as the fleet rejects the King's preferred commander.
Vane joins the Committee of Safety directing Parliament's war administration.
Pym becomes a leading member of Parliament's Committee of Safety.
Vane joins Parliament's Committee of Safety to coordinate military administration.
Waller joins the committee responsible for Parliament's military direction.
Pym joins the committee coordinating Parliament's armies and military supplies.
Holles receives appointment to Parliament's wartime executive committee.
Hampden joins Parliament's central committee for military affairs.
Vane helps organise military policy and supplies through the Committee of Safety.
Hotham's defenders open sluices and flood approaches around Hull.
Hotham's garrison drives away Royalists attempting to burn buildings outside the walls.
Essex receives command of the army Parliament resolves to raise.
Pym supports Parliament's resolution to raise an army for defence of the kingdom.
Parliament authorises Cromwell to raise two volunteer companies in Cambridgeshire.
Cromwell receives authority to raise volunteer companies in Cambridgeshire.
Stanley is accused after violence during an unsuccessful Royalist move against Manchester.
Stanley leads armed Royalists into Manchester but fails to hold the town.
Stanley leads Royalist forces into Manchester but is driven from the town.
Charles directs an unsuccessful attempt to force Hull's Parliamentarian garrison to submit.
Charles directs an unsuccessful attempt to force Hull's Parliamentarian garrison to submit.
Charles abandons the Hull siege after flooding and strong resistance frustrate the Royalists.
Charles abandons the Hull siege after flooding and strong resistance frustrate the Royalists.
Charles dismisses parliamentary commissioners during renewed disputes over Hull.
Charles dismisses parliamentary commissioners during renewed disputes over Hull.
Charles declares leading parliamentary opponents traitors and calls for their suppression.
Charles declares leading parliamentary opponents traitors and calls for their suppression.
Skippon reviews London regiments at Finsbury Fields during Parliament's mobilisation.
Charles raises the Royal Standard at Nottingham and summons supporters to arms.
Charles raises the Royal Standard at Nottingham and summons supporters to arms.
Charles arrives at Nottingham and begins formally assembling the Royalist army.
Charles arrives at Nottingham and begins formally assembling the Royalist army.
Charles raises his standard and formally summons supporters against Parliament.
Charles raises his standard and formally summons supporters against Parliament.
Northampton's cavalry clashes with Parliamentarian forces during the opening mobilisation.
Cromwell musters a troop of horse for Parliament's army.
Cromwell receives authority to command a troop of horse raised around Huntingdon.
Desborough serves as quartermaster to Cromwell's newly raised troop of horse.
Coventry refuses Charles entry and denies the Royalists access to the fortified city.
Coventry refuses Charles entry and denies the Royalists access to the fortified city.
Parliament demands that Charles lower his standard and withdraw treason accusations.
Parliament demands that Charles lower his standard and withdraw treason accusations.
After failing to secure Coventry, Charles offers negotiations while continuing mobilisation.
After failing to secure Coventry, Charles offers negotiations while continuing mobilisation.
Goring prepares Portsmouth to resist Parliamentarian land and naval forces.
Northampton leads Royalist forces attempting to capture Parliamentarian-held Warwick Castle.
The Royal Standard is raised again after the original standard collapses in bad weather.
The Royal Standard is raised again after the original standard collapses in bad weather.
Goring surrenders the Royalist garrison of Portsmouth to Parliamentarian forces.
Waller receives the surrender of Portsmouth after Parliamentarian land and naval pressure.
Meldrum enters Portsmouth with Waller after the Royalist surrender.
Goring surrenders Portsmouth after Parliament blockades and bombards the port.
Parliament appoints Sir John Conyers Lieutenant of the Tower of London.
Parliament removes Byron from the lieutenancy of the Tower of London.
Browne's Parliamentarian cavalry is routed by Prince Rupert at Powick Bridge.
Charles's Royalist cavalry defeats Parliament's advance guard at Powick Bridge.
Crane is knighted after service with the victorious Royalist cavalry at Powick Bridge.
Digby supports Prince Rupert's cavalry during the Royalist victory at Powick Bridge.
Charles's Royalist cavalry defeats Parliament's advance guard at Powick Bridge.
Browne's cavalry is surprised and driven from the field by Prince Rupert.
Crane serves in the Royalist cavalry that routs Parliament's advance guard.
Essex's Parliamentarian army occupies Worcester the day after the action at Powick Bridge.
Essex occupies Worcester after the Royalist cavalry withdraws from the area.
Charles establishes a recruiting centre at Shrewsbury and draws support from Wales.
Charles establishes a recruiting centre at Shrewsbury and draws support from Wales.
Parliament directs Holland to help secure Hull against Royalist pressure.
Parliament directs Holland to help secure the Tower of London.
Warwick's ships prevent relief or escape while Parliament's army besieges Portsmouth.
Byron abandons Oxford, allowing Parliamentarian forces to enter the city.
Parliamentarian forces briefly occupy Oxford before the Royalist field army returns.
Parliamentarian forces briefly occupy Oxford before the Royalist field army returns.
Essex occupies Worcester while the Royalist army gathers in the west.
Charles gathers recruits, money and equipment before marching eastward.
Charles gathers recruits, money and equipment before marching eastward.
Waller directs Parliamentarian forces besieging the Royalist garrison.
Charles reaches Edgecote while seeking the Parliamentarian army before Edgehill.
Charles reaches Edgecote while seeking the Parliamentarian army before Edgehill.
Lindsey resigns command after disagreeing with the battle plan proposed by Lord Forth.
The Royalist council plans to secure Banbury and Oxford before advancing farther.
The Royalist council plans to secure Banbury and Oxford before advancing farther.
Essex receives reports locating the King's army before Edgehill.
Charles and his commanders plan the approach to Banbury and Oxford.
Charles and his commanders plan the approach to Banbury and Oxford.
Astley commands the Royalist infantry during the Battle of Edgehill.
Lindsey leads his infantry at Edgehill and is mortally wounded in the fighting.
Bulstrode serves with a Royalist infantry regiment at Edgehill.
Byron commands part of the Royalist cavalry reserve at Edgehill.
Charles fights the inconclusive Battle of Edgehill and continues his advance toward London.
Cromwell commands a troop of Parliamentarian horse during the Edgehill campaign.
Essex fights Charles's army to an inconclusive result at Edgehill.
Digby commands a Royalist regiment during the Battle of Edgehill.
Feilding commands a Royalist regiment during the Battle of Edgehill.
Hampden reaches the battlefield late and reinforces Essex's Parliamentarian army.
Heydon directs Parliamentarian artillery during the Battle of Edgehill.
Charles fights the inconclusive Battle of Edgehill and continues his advance toward London.
Lucas commands a troop of Royalist horse during the Battle of Edgehill.
Ramsay commands Parliamentarian dragoons during the Battle of Edgehill.
Verney carries the Royal Standard and is killed during the fighting at Edgehill.
Wilmot commands several Royalist cavalry regiments during the Battle of Edgehill.
Verney is killed while defending the King's standard during the battle.
Lindsey dies from wounds received while leading Royalist infantry at Edgehill.
Lindsey is mortally wounded while fighting beside his Royalist infantry.
Essex's infantry resists Royalist attacks and remains on the field after nightfall.
Balfour commands Parliamentarian horse in the reserve at Edgehill.
Essex withdraws his army toward Warwick after the Battle of Edgehill.
The young Prince Charles accompanies the Royalist army during the Edgehill campaign.
Hampden arrives late with Parliamentarian troops and joins the closing stages.
Charles remains with the Royalist centre during the inconclusive battle.
Charles remains with the Royalist centre during the inconclusive battle.
Balfour's Parliamentarian cavalry temporarily captures the Royal Standard during the battle.
Essex receives reports locating the Royalist army before Edgehill.
Balfour leads reserve cavalry against the Royalist infantry and temporarily seizes the standard.
Charles's army takes Banbury while advancing toward Oxford and London.
Charles's army takes Banbury while advancing toward Oxford and London.
The Royalist army secures Banbury during its march after Edgehill.
The Royalist army secures Banbury during its march after Edgehill.
Charles enters Oxford and develops the city as the principal Royalist headquarters.
Charles enters Oxford and develops the city as the principal Royalist headquarters.
Charles enters Oxford and begins establishing the city as his wartime headquarters.
Charles enters Oxford and begins establishing the city as his wartime headquarters.
Charles prepares the Royalist army to advance from Oxford toward London.
Charles prepares the Royalist army to advance from Oxford toward London.
Charles gathers recruits and cavalry support before marching toward the Midlands.
Charles gathers recruits and cavalry support before marching toward the Midlands.
The Royalist army begins moving toward the capital after Edgehill.
The Royalist army begins moving toward the capital after Edgehill.
Charles creates Henry Somerset the first Marquess of Worcester for his Royalist support.
Charles reaches Reading while advancing toward London after Edgehill.
Charles reaches Reading while advancing toward London after Edgehill.
Charles reaches Reading while Parliamentarian forces reorganise nearer London.
Charles reaches Reading while Parliamentarian forces reorganise nearer London.
Charles orders Royalist troops to attack Parliament's outpost at Brentford.
Charles orders Royalist troops to attack Parliament's outpost at Brentford.
Holles's regiment helps defend Brentford before being overwhelmed by the Royalist attack.
Holles's regiment resists the Royalist assault before withdrawing toward London.
Charles confronts a larger Parliamentarian army and withdraws from Turnham Green.
Essex blocks the Royalist advance toward London at Turnham Green.
Charles confronts a larger Parliamentarian army and withdraws from Turnham Green.
Ramsay helps deploy Parliamentarian forces protecting London at Turnham Green.
Essex mobilises Parliamentarian troops and London militia to defend the capital.
Essex gathers Parliamentarian troops and London militia after the defeat at Brentford.
Skippon deploys the London Trained Bands within Parliament's larger defensive army.
Skippon leads thousands of London militiamen to confront the Royalist army.
Essex's forces reoccupy Brentford after the Royalist withdrawal.
Edward Montagu succeeds his father as the second Earl of Manchester.
Cavendish attacks Parliamentarian forces at Tadcaster during the Yorkshire campaign.
Northampton's Royalist force is attacked at Banbury and relieved the following day.
Parliament appoints Essex Captain-General of its field army.
Charles appoints Lindsey Lord General of the Royalist field army.
Charles appoints Astley Sergeant-Major-General of the Royalist infantry.
Gardiner is imprisoned for defending royal policies associated with ship money.
Hopton is imprisoned after opposing Parliament's claim to command the militia.
Hopton is imprisoned after opposing Parliament's claim to command the militia.
Gardiner is imprisoned for defending royal policies associated with ship money.
Erle commands Parliamentarian forces during operations across Dorset.
Trenchard joins Parliamentarian operations that secure much of Dorset.
Cavendish's northern Royalists secure Pontefract Castle.
Fairfax receives command of Parliamentarian cavalry operating in Yorkshire.
Wentworth receives command of important elements of the Royalist cavalry.
Charles appoints Penington to command the fleet, but most captains support Parliament.
Cromwell begins recruiting cavalry selected for discipline and religious commitment.
Parliament commissions Knyvett to raise a company of infantry.
Cavendish leads the Royalist mobilisation across Yorkshire and northern England.
Charles offers to lead forces for Ireland while Parliament doubts his intentions.
Charles offers to lead forces for Ireland while Parliament doubts his intentions.
Serves in Ireland as English forces try to hold key garrisons after the rebellion.
Royalists remembered Strafford as a loyal minister sacrificed during the political crisis preceding civil war.
Essex assembles Parliament's main field army at Northampton.
Greaves supports Birmingham's Parliamentarian alignment during the opening Civil War campaign.
Pym supports guards preventing the King from gaining unrestricted control of the Tower.
Hampden raises a Parliamentarian infantry regiment in Buckinghamshire and becomes one of Parliament's prominent wartime leaders.
Holles raises an infantry regiment for Parliament and becomes an active military supporter during the opening campaign.
Carteret receives appointment as a rear-admiral serving Parliament's fleet.
Mennes becomes a rear-admiral serving the Royalist naval interest.
Cromwell warns Parliament about possible Royalist and Catholic mobilisation in Monmouthshire.
Charles governs from York while political negotiations with Parliament collapse.
Charles governs from York while political negotiations with Parliament collapse.
Charles establishes his court at York while gathering northern Royalist support.
Charles establishes his court at York while gathering northern Royalist support.
Charles stays at Aston Hall while moving through the Midlands before Edgehill.
Charles stays at Aston Hall while moving through the Midlands before Edgehill.
Batten serves as vice-admiral under Parliament's admiral, the Earl of Warwick.
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