1 January 1915HMS Formidable Loss AssessedWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill
The Admiralty assesses the loss of HMS Formidable after the battleship is torpedoed by U-24.
Historical records for Great Britain in 1915, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
The Admiralty assesses the loss of HMS Formidable after the battleship is torpedoed by U-24.
Suggests an attack on Turkey or Austria to end the deadlock in western front
Churchill proposes forcing the Dardanelles with naval power to threaten Constantinople and assist Russia.
Churchill asks Carden whether the Dardanelles can be forced by ships alone and requests his professional assessment.
Carden replies that a sudden rush through the Straits is impracticable but sustained operations with sufficient force may succeed.
Carden proposes reducing forts, suppressing mobile guns and clearing minefields rather than attempting a rapid passage.
Suggests an attack on the Dardanelles at a War Council meeting
The War Council meeting agrees French's plan for an offensive in Flanders
At Churchills request, the commander of the Royal Navys Mediterranean Squadron, Vice Admiral S.H. Carden proposed a plan for forcing the Dardanelles using battleships, submarines and minesweepers
Carden submits a staged plan for reducing Ottoman forts and clearing the Dardanelles minefields.
Carden's plan includes six submarines for operations beyond and within the Straits.
Carden asks for sixteen destroyers to support the fleet during the proposed Dardanelles operation.
Carden includes three battlecruisers in the force he considers necessary for sustained operations in the Straits.
Carden's force proposal includes three light cruisers for reconnaissance, support and protection duties.
Carden's scheme requests twelve battleships as the core heavy force for the proposed Dardanelles operation.
Carden requests twelve minesweepers because clearing Ottoman minefields is essential to any advance toward the Narrows.
The British War Council resolve that the Admiralty should prepare for a naval expedition in February against the Dardanelles
The British War Council approves the plan, and Carden is supplied with additional pre-Dreadnought battleships, the battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth and the battlecruiser HMS Inflexible. Churchill argues for just a naval attack at the War Council. Cabinet approves the attack with ships
The British War Council resolve that the Admiralty should prepare for a naval expedition in February against the Dardanelles
The War Council approves preparation for a naval expedition based on Carden's staged Dardanelles scheme.
Existence of secret agreement for mutual support between Italy and Rumania announced by respective Governments
The War Council accepts Churchills idea for a naval expedition to the Dardanelles. A plan to create a supply link to the Russian front & secure the Balkan states
Endurance becomes trapped in Weddell Sea pack ice, ending the planned crossing of Antarctica
German zeppelins launch the 1st air raid on Britain
German Zeppelins launch the first air raid on Britain.
German attacks on Britain occur alongside the wider effort to pressure the country through maritime and aerial warfare.
British naval intelligence gives the Admiralty enough warning to organise an interception of Hipper's force.
Beatty sails from Rosyth with five battlecruisers after the Admiralty orders an interception of Hipper.
Tyrwhitt's light cruisers and destroyers sail from Harwich to join the planned interception near Dogger Bank.
Room 40 deciphers German naval signals revealing Hipper's planned operation toward Dogger Bank.
HMS Aurora encounters SMS Kolberg near Dogger Bank, helping trigger the opening exchanges of the battle.
Beatty's battlecruisers intercept Hipper's squadron at Dogger Bank. SMS Blücher is sunk while the surviving German battlecruisers escape.
Beatty begins a high-speed pursuit as Hipper's force retreats from the approaching British battlecruisers.
Confusing signals from the damaged Lion are misunderstood, disrupting Beatty's attempt to continue pursuing Hipper.
Churchill treats the destruction of Blücher as evidence of British battlecruiser superiority.
Beatty closes the range and his battlecruisers open fire on Hipper's retreating ships.
Beatty's battlecruisers are directed toward a rendezvous with supporting cruisers and destroyers near Dogger Bank.
British battlecruisers concentrate on the crippled Blücher instead of continuing the pursuit of Hipper's surviving ships.
Churchill reports the battle to Kitchener and describes the pursuit and sinking of Blücher.
Admiralty intelligence helps British battlecruisers intercept Admiral Hipper's force at Dogger Bank.
Britain claims a tactical victory after sinking Blücher and forcing Hipper's surviving squadron to retreat.
Goodenough's light cruisers support Beatty's force during the British interception of Hipper's squadron.
Churchill reports that Beatty's flagship Lion is damaged but returning safely after Dogger Bank.
Repeated German hits flood compartments, reduce Lion's speed and eventually force Beatty's flagship out of the pursuit.
Beatty's force concentrates fire on the damaged SMS Blücher, which is sunk during the Battle of Dogger Bank.
British fire cripples Blücher during the pursuit after Beatty's flagship Lion is seriously damaged.
Fisher submits a naval-policy memorandum warning against weakening home-water margins for peripheral operations.
Fisher argues against using major fighting ships for bombardment unless operations are supported by adequate military forces.
War Council discussion records Fisher's special cruisers and other vessels intended for a future Baltic operation.
Churchill argues for just a naval attack at the War Council
Fisher discusses the proposed Dardanelles operation with Asquith and Churchill before the War Council meeting.
Fisher returns to the War Council and remains in office after the naval attack on the Dardanelles is approved.
Kitchener persuades Fisher that he should remain First Sea Lord despite being the principal dissenter over the operation.
Asquith's War Council approves a naval operation intended to force the Dardanelles.
Fisher leaves the War Council table and tells Kitchener he intends to resign over the Dardanelles decision.
An attack on the Dardanelles could give Russia a supply route and might encourage Bulgaria and Romania to join the allied side
In a new year review submitted to the Prime Minister, Herbert Asquith, outlines two possible new fronts against the Germans, intended to break the stalemate and accompanying enormous loss of life which had rapidly set in on the western front.
The Russian plea for assistance, coupled with a perception of the Ottoman Empire as a weak enemy ("the sick man of Europe"), made the prospect of a campaign in the Dardanelles seem appealing.
Fisher favours any attempt against the Straits being made rapidly with strong naval and military forces acting together.
Carden plans to suppress intermediate batteries and mobile guns after reducing the entrance forts.
Carden makes systematic minesweeping essential before battleships can safely approach the Narrows.
Carden's phased scheme culminates in close attack on the forts defending the Narrows once a safe channel is created.
Pushes training and equipment programmes so New Army divisions can begin joining the Western Front.
Carden identifies the entrance forts at Cape Helles and Kum Kale as the first targets of the naval operation.
Fisher supports adding the new battleship Queen Elizabeth to strengthen the proposed Dardanelles bombardment force.
The Admiralty orders two additional large monitors armed with fifteen-inch guns as Fisher's shallow-water programme expands.
Birth of Stanley Matthews
The Admiralty assesses Germany's declaration that waters around Britain will become a submarine war zone.
Answers questions about the numerical strength of British military forces after six months of war.
Reviews the work of the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee in supporting voluntary enlistment.
Addresses the total casualties suffered by the British Expeditionary Force.
Churchill answers parliamentary questions concerning the sinking of HMS Formidable.
Churchill answers Commons questions concerning HMS Good Hope and the losses suffered at Coronel.
Answers questions about recruiting progress and organisation in Ireland.
Churchill provides information on the Royal Naval Reserve during the expansion of wartime naval manpower.
Appointed Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff
Appointed Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff
Churchill provides Parliament with information concerning enemy vessels captured by British naval forces.
Churchill answers parliamentary questions about German submarines and British defensive measures.
Churchill answers questions concerning the loss of the armed merchant cruiser HMS Viknor.
Churchill reports on naval activity intended to suppress arms trafficking in the Persian Gulf.
Churchill confirms that the British naval mission left Ottoman service in September 1914.
The Admiralty forms the Battle Cruiser Fleet and retains Beatty as commander of Britain's fast capital ships.
Discusses stronger economic measures against German trade during the war.
Reviews plans for a household canvass in support of voluntary military recruiting.
Churchill explains the Admiralty's policy on judicial inquiries into major naval losses.
The approved operation receives additional British and French warships, submarines, destroyers and minesweeping trawlers.
Churchill cites Dogger Bank as evidence of the range and power of British battlecruiser gunnery.
Churchill tells Parliament that the Navy entered the war fully mobilised, supplied and stationed for operations.
Churchill states that British naval strength retains a substantial numerical margin over Germany.
Churchill reports that wartime procedures are accelerating completion of new warships.
Churchill states that the fleet possesses adequate reserves of ammunition, torpedoes, coal and oil.
The Admiralty is pressed to obtain special craft able to support the landing of fifty thousand troops where required.
Churchill discusses tracked fighting machines with officers experienced in Royal Naval Air Service armoured cars.
Reviews recruiting requirements as British forces continue expanding.
Addresses pensions and allowances for soldiers, sailors and their families.
Addresses compensation for civilian damage caused by hostile aircraft and bombardment.
A German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins
A German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins.
The British government confronts Germany's attempt to use submarines to restrict shipping reaching Great Britain.
The War Cabinet decides to send troops to the Dardanelles
What was to become the Battle of Gallipoli, a 10-month Battle of attrition, begins at 7.30am on February 19, 1915. The War Cabinet decides to send troops to the Dardanelles. Only 6 British ships are involved & 3/4 of the Turkish guns survive. Bombardment of the outer ports of the Dardenalles begins
What was to become the Battle of Gallipoli, a 10-month Battle of attrition, begins at 7.30am on February 19, 1915
HMS Cornwallis and HMS Vengeance answer Ottoman fire during the first major day of Carden's February operation.
The War Cabinet decides to send troops to the Dardanelles.
Carden employs long-range fire from outside effective Ottoman gun range as the opening method against the entrance forts.
Ottoman batteries fire on British destroyers probing the entrance before the main bombardment develops.
Carden directs the opening Allied bombardment of Ottoman forts guarding the entrance to the Dardanelles.
The opening bombardment suppresses portions of the outer defences but does not permanently destroy the fortifications.
Carden pauses renewed attacks when poor weather prevents effective naval bombardment.
Churchill creates the Admiralty Landships Committee to investigate armoured tracked vehicles for trench warfare.
George V & Churchill inspect the Royal Naval Div before it sails to the Dardanelles
The Allied fleet destroys outer forts of the Dardanelles
George V & Churchill inspect the Royal Naval Div before it sails to the Dardanelles
Demolition parties of Royal Marines raided the Sedd el Bahr and Kum Kale forts, meeting little opposition. Another attempt is made on February 25, this time the Ottomans evacuate the outer defences and the fleet enters the straits to engage the intermediate defences
Carden resumes the naval assault and heavily engages the outer forts near Cape Helles.
Carden's fleet moves farther into the Straits after Ottoman resistance at some outer positions is reduced.
Allied battleships engage intermediate batteries as Carden moves from the entrance phase toward operations deeper in the Straits.
Naval landing parties inspect and demolish guns at outer positions after bombardment has reduced Ottoman resistance there.
Carden sends demolition parties ashore to destroy abandoned Ottoman guns and fort installations.
Seaplane carrier HMS Ark Royal provides aerial observation support for the Dardanelles operation under Carden.
The operation was originally intended to be purely naval due to a lack of available troops and the independence of Lord of the admiralty Winston Churchill but.
by early February, it was decided that more regular infantry was needed.
The battlecruiser force is reorganised into squadrons following the experience of Dogger Bank.
The Royal Navy reviews fire distribution and gunnery after problems during the battle reduce the scale of victory.
The Royal Navy examines signalling failures that prevented Beatty from maintaining an effective pursuit of Hipper.
Churchill presses the Admiralty to begin systematic attacks on Ottoman forts and minefields.
The result leaves Britain in command of the North Sea while Germany becomes more cautious with its surface fleet.
Carden begins implementing a phased plan to destroy outer forts, clear mines and attack the Narrows.
Rear-Admiral John de Robeck becomes Carden's second-in-command, flying his flag in HMS Vengeance.
Carden concludes that troops ashore would improve observation and help naval gunfire deal with concealed and mobile batteries.
The new battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth joins the powerful Allied force assembled for Carden's operation.
Commodore Roger Keyes joins Carden as Chief of Staff and becomes closely involved in minesweeping and operational planning.
Beatty's reorganised battlecruiser force operates from Rosyth for faster access to the central North Sea.
Carden requests approximately ten thousand troops for limited landings after the outer forts have been silenced.
Kitchener declines Carden's request for troops, leaving the operation dependent on naval bombardment and minesweeping.
Continues sending divisions and replacements to sustain British forces on the Western Front.
Carden's trawler minesweepers struggle against current, searchlights and mobile artillery while operated largely by civilian crews.
Battleships bombard intermediate positions while minesweepers begin the difficult effort to clear a passage toward the Narrows.
Allied troops land at Kum-Kale, the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles
HMS Amethyst supports six minesweepers during a costly attempt to clear mines under heavy Ottoman fire.
Several trawlers are hit during minesweeping operations, demonstrating the vulnerability of the improvised sweeping force.
French minesweepers make another attempt under covering fire but fail to open the required passage through the minefields.
The event that decided the battle took place on the night of March 8 when the Ottoman minelayer Nusret laid a line of mines in Eren Key Bay, a wide bay along the Asian shore just inside the entrance to the straits
The operation went ahead without the British or French becoming aware of the recent additions to the Ottoman minefields
Churchill supplies parliamentary information concerning Royal Navy courts-martial during wartime.
Further minesweeping is attempted under Carden's command as the fleet struggles to create a safe channel toward the Narrows.
Keyes sends minesweepers against the main mine lines near Kephez under heavy Ottoman fire.
Haig orders reserves forward after British troops penetrate the first German defensive positions.
Haig's First Army opens the Neuve Chapelle offensive after a concentrated artillery bombardment.
Another minesweeping effort continues under Commodore Keyes while Carden presses for progress against the mine barrier.
Hamilton is appointed to command the force being assembled for land operations at the Dardanelles.
The Reprisals Order, in which Britain bans all neutral parties from trading with Germany
The Reprisals Order, in which Britain bans all neutral parties from trading with Germany
Britain bans neutral parties from trading with Germany under the Reprisals Order.
Commodore Keyes leads naval volunteers in another determined attempt to clear mines and suppress searchlights in the Straits.
Carden intensifies attacks on forts covering the Narrows while minesweeping remains incomplete.
Haig ends the offensive after communications failures, resistance and ammunition shortages prevent further progress.
Carden's forces precede the volunteer minesweeping attempt with prolonged gunfire against searchlights and mobile batteries.
The Admiralty accepts Carden's revised plan for a heavily supported daylight assault and minesweeping effort.
Carden's final operational plan places the minesweepers under close protection of the battle fleet for the proposed daylight clearance.
Carden reports severe strain as pressure mounts for a decisive fleet assault.
Carden proposes a daylight minesweeping operation closely protected by the battle fleet after repeated night attempts fail.
Churchill provides information on British merchant ships detained, captured or destroyed during the war.
March 18 is a significant victory for the Ottoman Empire
Carden leaves command through illness and de Robeck takes over the naval operation.
Severe illness and nervous exhaustion prevent Carden from continuing direct command on the eve of the major fleet assault.
De Robeck assumes command of the Allied naval force on the eve of the major Dardanelles attack.
De Robeck inherits Carden's operational concept and prepares the large fleet attack scheduled for 18 March.
Carden formally relinquishes the Eastern Mediterranean Squadron to John de Robeck because of his deteriorating health.
De Robeck confirms the plan for battleships to silence the forts while minesweepers clear a passage.
A naval attack fails & the Inflexible & Irrepressible are lost
Commands a naval attack fails & the Inflexible & Irrepressible are lost
De Robeck withdraws after mines and Ottoman fire sink three Allied battleships and damage several others.
HMS Inflexible is badly damaged by a mine while withdrawing from the Narrows.
De Robeck's fleet loses HMS Irresistible after the battleship strikes a mine during the assault.
De Robeck orders the principal British and French battleship attack against the Ottoman straits defences.
HMS Ocean is lost after striking a mine while attempting to assist damaged ships.
After the 18 March losses, Fisher tells the War Council that the sinking of major ships cannot be dismissed.
Churchill reviews the severe losses suffered during the main Allied attempt to force the Dardanelles.
De Robeck suspends another immediate battleship assault after the heavy losses of 18 March.
Keyes argues that determined minesweeping could still open a path through the straits.
Fisher repeats his view that forcing the Dardanelles by naval power alone could cost about twelve battleships.
De Robeck tells Allied commanders that troops are required to capture shore batteries before another naval advance.
Beatty's force develops its role as the fast scouting arm intended to locate enemy heavy ships.
Keyes supports using naval personnel when civilian trawler crews struggle under Ottoman fire.
Hamilton establishes headquarters and begins organising the multinational force for the peninsula invasion.
Carden's command experiments with sending trawlers upstream before turning to sweep with the current through the minefields.
Fisher expresses concern that battleships are being risked before the minefields are fully cleared.
Asquith's government accepts that troops must seize the Gallipoli defences before the fleet can advance.
Hamilton identifies the Kilid Bahr plateau as essential for neutralising the forts covering the Narrows.
Royal Navy volunteers increasingly replace reluctant civilian trawler crews in attempts to improve minesweeping under fire.
Reviews ammunition expenditure after Neuve Chapelle highlights the enormous shell demands of modern offensives.
Carden shifts much minesweeping work to darkness in an attempt to reduce exposure to Ottoman guns and observation.
Keyes pushes minesweepers deeper into the straits despite heavy fire and strong currents.
Churchill continues pressing for renewed naval action despite the battleship losses.
Ottoman searchlights illuminate slow trawlers at night, allowing shore batteries to interfere repeatedly with minesweeping.
Some civilian trawler crews fail to stream minesweeping gear when Ottoman fire becomes intense during an attempted sweep.
Kitchener releases the 29th Division for Hamilton's Mediterranean Expeditionary Force.
A night attempt sends trawlers without close battleship protection in hopes of surprising Ottoman defenders.
Birdwood and senior ANZAC officers inspect the Gallipoli coast from HMS Queen Elizabeth before the landings.
Churchill answers parliamentary questions concerning the wartime employment of retired Royal Navy captains.
Addresses a War Office committee examining production and supply for the Army.
Supports committee work intended to accelerate the production of equipment required by the armed forces.
Hamilton oversees final preparations as more than two hundred vessels assemble at Mudros for the invasion.
Churchill supplies information concerning attacks by submarines on British and neutral merchant ships.
Churchill answers questions concerning honours and promotion for Royal Navy engineer officers.
Addresses wartime Army estimates and the resources required for expanding operations.
Smith-Dorrien warns about the danger around Ypres.
Addresses reports concerning the treatment of British prisoners held in Germany.
Supports greater use of business expertise in Army and Navy equipment supply.
French sends reinforcements toward Ypres after German gas attacks rupture sections of the Allied line.
Answers questions about press censorship and restrictions on military information.
Hamilton delays the invasion from 23 to 25 April because rough weather disrupts the assault timetable.
Sinclair-MacLagan's 3rd Australian Brigade embarks as the covering force for the ANZAC landing.
Hamilton coordinates with naval commanders to allocate bombardment and transport support for the landings.
Godley's New Zealand and Australian Division prepares to follow the first Australian waves ashore.
Stoker takes submarine AE2 into the defended Dardanelles on the morning of the Allied landings.
Stoker receives instructions to enter the Sea of Marmara and attack Ottoman communications.
Stoker succeeds in taking AE2 through the Dardanelles into the Sea of Marmara.
Stoker reports that AE2 has passed the Narrows, encouraging Allied commanders during the first landing day.
Lands a force of Australians & New Zealanders subsequently know as ANZAC Cove
Celebrated as ANZAC day
Birdwood's ANZAC Corps lands north of its intended objective and establishes a precarious beachhead.
Hamilton orders the Anzacs to hold their ground rather than abandon the beachhead on the first night.
Lands a force of Australians & New Zealanders subsequently know as ANZAC Cove
With the failure of the naval assault, the idea that land forces could advance around the backs of the Dardanelles forts and capture Istanbul gained support as an alternative, on 25 April, the Gallipoli Campaign is launched
Commands the 1st troop landings on Gallipoli with the 29th Div & Australian & NZ corps
Responsible for the Gallipoli front by leading the Mediterranean expeditionary force. Expects a 2 day advantage in which the Turks would be confused but is dissappointed. Celebrated as ANZAC day
Hamilton launches the main British landings on five beaches around Cape Helles.
Birdwood reports his divisional commanders' recommendation to evacuate after the confused first day ashore.
De Robeck provides naval escort, bombardment and landing craft support for the invasion.
Hunter-Weston attempts to reinforce troops trapped around the River Clyde landing at V Beach.
Sinclair-MacLagan's brigade lands before dawn and begins securing the ridges above ANZAC Cove.
Sinclair-MacLagan halts the covering force on the second ridge rather than pressing toward the third ridge.
Hunter-Weston directs 29th Division operations as troops assault heavily defended V Beach at Sedd el Bahr.
Hunter-Weston's 29th Division lands at W Beach and fights to secure the Helles foothold.
Hunter-Weston's troops secure X Beach and begin expanding the northern side of the Helles perimeter.
Hunter-Weston consolidates several Helles landing beaches into a continuous Allied foothold.
Accepts a clause supporting Italy's opposition to participation by representatives of the Holy See in diplomatic action over the final peace.
Approves the agreement intended to bring Italy into the war on the Allied side.
Accepts Britain's undertaking to facilitate a large loan for Italy on the London financial market.
Asquith's government concludes the secret London agreement promising territorial gains to Italy in return for entering the war against the Central Powers.
Signs terms calling for immediate military coordination among Britain, France, Italy and Russia.
His government joins France and Russia in the secret agreement promising territorial gains if Italy enters the war against the Central Powers.
Signs provisions requiring the agreement itself to remain secret while Italy's eventual adherence to the Allied declaration becomes public.
Signs the secret agreement with the Italian, French and Russian representatives.
Signs the secret agreement for Britain alongside the Italian, French and Russian representatives.
Churchill gives Parliament a wide review of naval operations and Britain's command of the sea.
Boyle takes submarine E14 beneath the Dardanelles minefields toward the Sea of Marmara.
Boyle successfully reaches the Sea of Marmara and begins attacking Ottoman communications.
Hamilton urges the Helles force forward before Ottoman reinforcements can consolidate.
Addresses future employment arrangements for servicemen returning after the war.
Churchill presents Admiral Sturdee's official dispatch describing the Falkland Islands victory.
Hunter-Weston launches the first Allied attempt to capture Krithia and advance toward Achi Baba.
Hamilton's first Helles offensive fails to break the Ottoman line despite heavy Allied casualties.
Stoker searches for Ottoman shipping while remaining submerged for long periods to avoid patrols.
AE2 is damaged by the Ottoman torpedo boat Sultanhisar and forced to surface.
Stoker scuttles AE2 after ordering the crew to abandon the disabled submarine.
Birdwood's corps is assigned a landing north of Gaba Tepe to threaten the peninsula's central communications.
Presses industry and the War Office to increase shell output as battlefield consumption rises sharply.
Hunter-Weston prepares simultaneous landings at five beaches around Cape Helles.
Fisher becomes increasingly hostile to a prolonged Dardanelles commitment that threatens his planned northern offensive preparations.
Commands V Corps during the Second Battle of Ypres.
Plumer takes a major role in reorganising the defence of the Ypres salient during the gas crisis.
Godley directs the New Zealand and Australian Division during the poorly coordinated attack on Baby 700.
Birdwood approves an offensive intended to seize Baby 700 and improve the vulnerable ANZAC position.
Birth of Peggy Mount
Godley ends the failed Baby 700 attack after severe casualties and little territorial gain.
Churchill explains the Admiralty's appointment of Admiral Reginald Bacon during parliamentary questioning.
Churchill rejects exaggerated press allegations concerning the conduct of the Dardanelles operation.
Churchill argues that criticism of the Dardanelles should not unfairly damage Admiral Fisher's reputation.
Responds to concerns about rising food and coal prices during wartime.
Churchill answers questions concerning the treatment of captured German submarine crews.
Hamilton transfers Australian and New Zealand infantry from ANZAC to reinforce a renewed attack at Helles.
Addresses wartime measures against spying and enemy intelligence activity.
Plumer takes command during the Ypres fighting.
Hamilton opens the second attempt to capture Krithia with strengthened British, French and ANZAC forces.
Addresses proposals to identify unmarried men available for military service.
Cunard's Liverpool-registered Lusitania is sunk by a German submarine.
The Luisitania is sunk 8 miles off the head of Kinsale by a German submarine. All passengers are saved
William Thomas Turner, not David Dow, commanded Lusitania on her final voyage and survived the sinking off southern Ireland.
Hamilton halts the second Krithia offensive after heavy losses produce only a small advance.
Haig's First Army attacks Aubers Ridge but strong German defences inflict severe British losses.
Haig reviews the failed attack after British troops gain little ground against intact German positions.
Churchill refuses to publish patrol dispositions around the British coast after the Lusitania sinking.
Churchill confirms that the Admiralty warned Lusitania using information about submarine activity.
Churchill states that available destroyers cannot escort the hundreds of merchant and passenger sailings each day.
Addresses parliamentary questions about the possibility of forming a coalition government.
The conference chaired by Fisher concludes that developing the Forth as a primary fleet base is urgent.
Renews the Government appeal for voluntary recruits as manpower demands increase.
Fisher chairs a conference considering redistribution of the Grand Fleet and the strategic development of Rosyth and the Forth.
Fisher's conference agrees that Scapa Flow should remain an alternative and supporting Grand Fleet base.
Demands an end to the Dardanelles campaign in cabinet. Accuses Churchill of being "a determined mad gambler"
Churchill answers parliamentary questions concerning British and Ottoman losses during Dardanelles operations.
Fisher resigns as First Sea Lord after the dispute over continued Dardanelles commitments reaches breaking point.
Plans to strengthen the Dardanelles with monitors intended for Fisher's northern strategy intensify his dispute with Churchill.
Churchill and Fisher continually quarreled throughout the campaign, and Fisher finally resigned on 15 May 1915 after repeated threats to do so
Fishers resignation, on top of poor progress in the campaign, precipitated the fall of the Government and Churchills replacement as First Lord
Fishers resignation, on top of poor progress in the campaign, precipitated the fall of the Government and Churchills replacement as First Lord. Churchill and Fisher continually quarreled throughout the campaign, and Fisher finally resigned on 15 May 1915 after repeated threats to do so
Haig's First Army begins a night offensive intended to exploit limited artillery preparation around Festubert.
Churchill calls for reinforcements for the Dardanelles despite Fishers wishes
Fisher's second tenure as First Sea Lord ends after his wartime resignation.
Serves as brigade major of 91st Infantry Brigade while training New Army formations.
Asquith & Bonar Law agree a Coaltion
Sends a letter to ministers requesting their resignation for a new wartime coalition
Asks ministers to resign so a new wartime coalition can be created.
First Sea Lord Fisher resigns & leaves operational contol of the Admiralty to Hamilton
First Sea Lord Fisher resigns & leaves operational contol of the Admiralty to Hamilton
Asquith and Bonar Law agree to form a wartime coalition.
Nasmith takes E11 through the heavily defended Dardanelles toward the Sea of Marmara.
Boyle returns through the Dardanelles after a successful first patrol in the Sea of Marmara.
Haig continues attacks as British troops make slow gains through strongly defended trench systems.
Addresses the national shortage of artillery ammunition and the need to expand munitions production.
Churchill provides information concerning wartime use of the Admiralty yacht Enchantress.
Birdwood's corps defeats the large Ottoman attack and retains the entire ANZAC perimeter.
Announces political negotiations intended to broaden the wartime Government.
Dismissed by Asquith, Bonar Law wishes to form a coalition without Churchill
Nasmith attacks a patrol vessel during E11's first offensive sweep beyond the Dardanelles.
Churchill's responsibilities pass to Arthur Balfour as the coalition government reorganises naval leadership.
Birdwood participates in arrangements for a temporary truce to bury thousands of dead between the opposing lines.
Churchill leaves the Admiralty when Asquith reconstructs the government after the political crisis over naval strategy.
Nasmith sinks the ammunition-laden transport Nagara after allowing those aboard to leave.
Asquith appoints Carson Attorney General when the Coalition Government is formed after the Liberal Government was bought down by the Shell Crisis
Continues as Prime Minister under the wartime coalition.
Asquiths policy of "wait & see" is challenged by Lloyd George
Nasmith brings E11 into waters off Constantinople and attacks shipping near the arsenal.
Haig ends the Festubert operation after limited advances and heavy casualties.
Birdwood witnesses the loss of HMS Triumph after the battleship is torpedoed while supporting the ANZAC beachhead.
Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain, 4th term
E11 fires a torpedo at an Ottoman transport alongside the Tophane Arsenal.
Forms a coalition administration with Conservative participation to strengthen wartime government.
The new wartime government is announced.
The new Government is announced
De Robeck withdraws major warships from close offshore support after submarine attacks sink Triumph and Majestic.
Appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, stays in position for 5 months
Appointed Member of War Council
German Zeppelins bombard the suburbs of London
German Zeppelins bombard suburbs of London.
Remains at the War Office when Asquith forms a coalition government during the shell crisis.
Nasmith briefly uses a captured sailing vessel as camouflage while operating near Gallipoli.
Boyle's E14 sinks a large Ottoman military transport carrying supplies through the Sea of Marmara.
Boyle destroys an Ottoman gunboat while E14 operates against military traffic entering the Sea of Marmara.
Plumer coordinates British resistance during heavy German attacks around Frezenberg Ridge.
Helps train New Army units while serving on the staff of 91st Infantry Brigade.
Beatty conducts exercises intended to improve battlecruiser manoeuvring, gunnery and cooperation with supporting forces.
Fisher resists plans to absorb newly built monitors into a continuing Mediterranean commitment at the expense of northern operations.
Faces intense political criticism as shortages of artillery ammunition become a national controversy.
Faces mounting criticism over ammunition shortages during British offensives on the Western Front.
Hunter-Weston's troops gain limited ground during the third unsuccessful Allied offensive toward Krithia.
Hamilton's third Krithia offensive ends without capturing the village or breaking the Ottoman defence.
Hamilton launches the third major Allied attempt to capture Krithia and the heights of Achi Baba.
Defends the new coalition arrangement before the House of Commons.
Addresses renewed pressure for compulsory military service while voluntary recruiting continues.
Supports creation of the Ministry of Munitions to coordinate the expansion of war production.
Discusses registration measures intended to identify the nation’s available manpower.
Nasmith returns after a patrol that sinks or damages numerous Ottoman vessels.
Helps advance legislation establishing the new Ministry of Munitions.
Addresses the position of British forces serving in France and the Mediterranean.
Lloyd George establishes central control over weapons production, labour and industrial supplies.
Boyle again takes E14 through the straits for a second offensive patrol.
Discusses the position of married men within the voluntary recruiting system.
Addresses the need to retain skilled workers in occupations essential to the war effort.
Allied aircraft bombs Karlsruhe in retaliation for German bombing of London
Allied aircraft bomb Karlsruhe in retaliation for German attacks on London.
Sets out the Government case for a national registration system covering available labour and manpower.
Explains how a national register will help the Government assess manpower and industrial resources.
Birth of Dennis Price
Birth of Fred Hoyle near Bingley in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
Defends registration as a means of matching national manpower with military and industrial requirements.
Reviews recruiting policy under the new coalition government.
Addresses British responsibilities for supplying munitions and material to Allied governments.
Hunter-Weston directs the Helles attack that gains ground along Gully Ravine but fails to break the front.
Watches a demonstration of a protype of the tank, a mechanical barbed wire cutter
Supports legislation designed to increase and regulate the production of munitions.
Birdwood's troops repel another Ottoman assault against the ANZAC perimeter at the end of June.
Plumer continues defensive and local offensive operations around Bellewaarde in the Ypres salient.
After leaving the Admiralty, Fisher becomes chairman of the Royal Navy Board of Invention and Research.
Hamilton repeatedly requests additional divisions as the campaign becomes a prolonged struggle.
Loses direct control of munitions production when responsibility moves to the new Ministry of Munitions.
Hamilton employs Royal Naval Division battalions to reinforce overstretched sectors of the peninsula.
Birdwood's staff struggles to maintain drinking-water supplies for troops crowded into the ANZAC perimeter.
Boyle returns from E14's second patrol after further disruption of Ottoman shipping.
Hamilton briefs Stopford on the proposed Suvla landing and the need to seize the Tekke Tepe and Kiretch Tepe high ground.
Birdwood reports increasing sickness as heat, flies and poor sanitation weaken the garrison.
Beatty's squadrons continue gunnery training while waiting for another major German sortie.
Calls for more men, materials and money as voluntary recruiting begins to slow.
Hamilton receives additional formations for a new attempt to break the Gallipoli deadlock.
New Army formations begin reaching the Western Front in growing numbers after months of training.
Birdwood's proposal to seize the Sari Bair heights becomes the core of the August offensive.
Hamilton adds a new landing at Suvla to support the planned breakout from Anzac.
Godley organises columns to seize Chunuk Bair, Hill Q and Hill 971 during the August offensive.
Mackenzie records concern that senior IX Corps officers are questioning the Suvla plan and favour waiting for artillery before advancing.
Reinforcements arrive when IX Corps land at Suvla
A 2nd failed attempt is made to land at Gallipoli
Leads the Allied ground forces
Troops of Hammersley's 11th Division seize Lala Baba after sharp fighting during the opening night of the Suvla operation.
Landing craft carrying parts of the 34th Brigade ground offshore, forcing troops to wade and adding confusion to the night landing.
Walker directs the 1st Australian Division's diversionary assault against the Ottoman trenches at Lone Pine.
Priestman's battalion opens sealed orders and studies its assigned objectives shortly before embarking for the night landing.
Ferrers-Guy sails with the landing flotilla from Imbros toward Suvla after darkness falls.
Stopford's IX Corps begins landing at Suvla Bay as the northern part of Hamilton's August offensive.
Godley commits the Auckland Battalion in an unsuccessful daylight attack toward the summit of Chunuk Bair.
Hammersley's headquarters lacks reliable knowledge of forward battalion positions while much of the division waits for orders.
Hammersley's division advances inland from Suvla toward Chocolate Hill amid confused command arrangements.
The 11th Manchester Regiment advances onto the Kiretch Tepe sector while much of the Suvla force remains near the beaches.
Stopford continues directing the Suvla operation largely from offshore while opportunities inland diminish.
Birdwood allows the Nek assault to proceed although the supporting advance toward Chunuk Bair is behind schedule.
Stopford fails to press rapidly inland after the largely unopposed landing, allowing Ottoman reinforcements to occupy the heights.
Mahon's 10th Division units land at Suvla and enter the expanding northern beachhead.
Hill's 10th Division battalions are divided between C Beach and Gazi Baba, complicating concentration of the Irish division.
Birdwood's ANZAC command proceeds with the attack at The Nek despite the failure to secure the intended supporting heights.
Nasmith's E11 torpedoes and sinks the Ottoman battleship Barbaros Hayreddin.
Godley arranges relief of the shattered Wellington Battalion after its day-long defence of Chunuk Bair.
Hamilton becomes increasingly dissatisfied with the slow advance from the Suvla beachhead.
Coleridge is sent from divisional headquarters to locate forward troops and stress the need to gain the W Hills before nightfall.
Hammersley's troops attack around Scimitar Hill but are driven back amid increasing Ottoman artillery, rifle fire and burning scrub.
Hansen repeatedly crosses exposed ground under fire and rescues six wounded soldiers threatened by burning scrub.
The 1/1st Herefordshire Regiment lands at C Beach in the morning as the 53rd Welsh Division enters the Suvla fighting.
Godley directs renewed attacks toward Hill Q as the August offensive struggles to secure the Sari Bair crest.
Hamilton observes that Ottoman reinforcements have reached Tekke Tepe before the delayed British advance can secure the ridge.
The first units of Inglefield's 54th East Anglian Division land at Suvla to reinforce IX Corps.
Walker oversees consolidation of the captured Lone Pine position after four days of close fighting.
Further unsupported attacks around Scimitar Hill fail and exhausted British units fall back from exposed positions.
By the end of 11 August the 54th Division headquarters and most of its infantry battalions are ashore at Suvla.
Stopford looks to the newly arrived 54th Division for another attempt toward Kavak Tepe after earlier attacks fail.
Stopford's corps remains confined near the coast as Ottoman defenders consolidate the surrounding high ground.
The 163rd Brigade is ordered forward from the Suvla line to clear ground near Anafarta Spur and improve the connection toward Kiretch Tepe.
Proctor-Beauchamp presses ahead with part of his battalion after support falls away, leaving the group isolated in broken ground.
Proctor-Beauchamp leads the 1/5th Norfolks on the right of the 163rd Brigade advance through difficult scrub-covered ground.
Proctor-Beauchamp is killed during the failed 1/5th Norfolk advance from the Suvla sector.
Hamilton meets Stopford again as he considers renewed attempts to seize the inland high ground after the Norfolk losses.
The 162nd Brigade attacks toward Kidney Hill but heavy fire, heat and difficult ground break up the advance.
Hamilton removes Stopford after the Suvla force fails to exploit the surprise achieved by the landing.
De Lisle assumes command at Suvla and attempts to restore momentum to the stalled British force.
Peyton's dismounted 2nd Mounted Division completes its arrival at Suvla after landing during the night of 17 to 18 August.
D'Oyly-Hughes swims ashore from E11 and damages the Constantinople-Baghdad railway line.
Peyton's yeomanry units move into reserve behind Lala Baba before the planned 21 August assault.
Writes to Asquith, Kitchener & Balfour suggesting a naval attack, the plea is rejected
Godley coordinates ANZAC participation in the first costly attempt to seize Hill 60.
After being wounded, Potts remains between the lines and later brings a wounded comrade back toward British positions on a shovel.
De Lisle directs the British attack at Scimitar Hill, which ends with heavy casualties and no decisive gain.
Hamilton orders a major Suvla attack against Scimitar Hill and neighbouring positions.
De Lisle commits regular troops of the 29th Division in the opening assault on Scimitar Hill.
Peyton's 2nd Mounted Division advances dismounted across the dry Salt Lake toward the Scimitar Hill fighting.
Benn experiences the confused withdrawal as exhausted yeomanry fall back from the Green Hill area after the failed attack.
Birdwood's force renews the attempt to seize Hill 60, using Australian, New Zealand, British and Irish troops at the Anzac-Suvla junction.
Godley tells the depleted 10th Australian Light Horse to attack a trench near the summit of Hill 60.
Hamilton's August offensive ends without gaining the decisive heights or breaking the strategic deadlock.
Godley ends further attacks after Allied troops fail to secure the summit but establish a limited connection with Suvla.
The Allies lose over 40,000 men after failing to cross the Gallipoli peninsular
Despite heavy losses Churchill recommends troop reinforcements to the Dardanelles Comm
Nasmith's E11 sinks the collier Isfahan as Ottoman coal supplies come under increasing pressure.
Nasmith begins another patrol intended to disrupt reinforcements and supplies for Gallipoli.
Hammersley is removed from active divisional command after the breakdown of leadership during the opening Suvla operations.
Lindley's 53rd Division arrives to reinforce the stalled Suvla force.
Nasmith's patrol forces Ottoman authorities to reduce reliance on vulnerable Marmara shipping routes.
Heavy losses force Peyton's 2nd Mounted Division to reorganise its depleted mounted brigades into two composite formations.
Addresses competing proposals for national service and military compulsion.
Godley's depleted New Zealand infantry units leave ANZAC temporarily for rest on Lemnos.
Gives Parliament a broad review of the military and political situation.
Reviews recruiting figures and the continuing debate over compulsory military service.
Addresses the strength and deployment requirements of British land forces.
Answers questions about the organisation of parliamentary and Cabinet bodies directing the war.
Haig's First Army attacks at Loos and initially penetrates parts of the German defensive system.
Haig presses for reserve divisions to exploit the initial breakthrough before German defences recover.
Haig continues offensive operations as German reinforcements strengthen the threatened sector.
Addresses parliamentary concerns about the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force.
Issues a further appeal for men to volunteer before the Government turns to stronger measures.
The fleet practises signalling procedures intended to improve control of fast-moving battlecruiser formations.
Haig supports preparations to use chlorine gas during the planned autumn offensive at Loos.
Haig confirms First Army plans for a major attack supporting the wider Allied autumn offensive.
Proposes to the Dardanelles Committee Lloyd George replace Kitchener at the War Office. Proposes to the Dardanelles Committee French & Kitchener swap roles in Turkey & France
Proposes to the Dardanelles Committee French & Kitchener swap roles in Turkey & France
Threatens to resign from the cabient if Kitchener is not dismissed, Asquith refuses
Hamilton argues that withdrawing from Gallipoli could cause catastrophic casualties and damage British prestige.
The Dardanelles Committee decides to recall Hamilton
The Dardanelles Committee decides to recall Hamilton, his last generals command
Dismissed after the Dardanelles campaign, never given another command
Hamilton is relieved of command as the British government reassesses the failed Gallipoli strategy.
Resigns over the war in the Balkans, which had left two British and one French division in Salonica instead of being dispatched to support the Serbs who were being attacked by from the north and Bulgaria from the east. Carson becomes the leader of those Unionists who were not members of the Government, effectively Leader of the Opposition in the Commons
Writes to Asquith threatning to resign if Kitchener is not removed from the War Office
Watches Endurance crushed by ice and helps organize the party's survival on the drifting floes
Reduces the size of the War Council
Threatens to resign if Asquith carries out his announcement to reduce the War Council
Reduces the size of the War Council.
Monro arrives to take command and immediately reviews whether the peninsula should be evacuated.
Asquith's government reviews the deteriorating campaign and competing demands for troops in the Balkans.
Supports the Derby Scheme as the government tests whether voluntary enlistment can meet remaining manpower needs.
Replaces French as Commander of the Expeditionary Force in France with Haig
Dismissed from his command after the failure of the Galliploi Campaign
Replaces Sir John French with Douglas Haig as commander in France.
Haig reviews severe First Army losses after the offensive fails to achieve a strategic breakthrough.
Takes command of the British Third Army in October 1915.
Is appointed to command the British Third Army.
Churchill resigns from the Government
Kitchener visits ANZAC to inspect the front and assess the arguments for abandoning the campaign.
Churchill makes his resignation speech in Parliament
Arrives at Boulogne-sur-Mer to take up duties
Taken to General HQ at St Omer
Crosses the Channel to join his pre-1914 regiment of the Oxfordshire Hussars
Monro prepares to implement the British decision to abandon the ANZAC and Suvla sectors.
The 54th East Anglian Division receives orders to prepare to leave Gallipoli and return to Mudros.
A severe snowstorm, frost and exposure strike the Suvla and Anzac positions, causing heavy non-battle casualties.
Birdwood's troops endure flooding, snow, frostbite and exposure as a severe winter storm strikes Gallipoli.
Monro concludes that evacuation risks are lower than Hamilton had feared and presses for withdrawal.
Haig reorganises First Army formations and staff arrangements after the Loos fighting.
Kitchener inspects the remaining Allied positions while considering whether Cape Helles should also be abandoned.
Nasmith conducts a third patrol against Ottoman shipping before the Gallipoli campaign ends.
Units of the 54th East Anglian Division begin leaving the Suvla sector for Mudros in the staged withdrawal.
It is agreed to withdraw from Salonika although this decision is reversed at Chantilly. Attends the Calais Conference with the French
Asquith's government authorises withdrawal from the ANZAC and Suvla sectors.
Birdwood receives the final order to evacuate the ANZAC and Suvla positions.
The first day of troop withdrawal from Gallipolli
The evacuation programme removes sick and wounded men, surplus troops and valuable stores before the final nights of withdrawal.
The depleted 53rd Welsh Division begins evacuation from Suvla to Mudros during the carefully staged withdrawal.
Detailed orders are issued for the final evacuation phase, with secrecy and deception measures designed to conceal the withdrawal.
Appointed Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Haig replaces Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force.
French is replaced after failures following Ypres and Loos.
Haig assumes control of BEF General Headquarters and begins reviewing the army's organisation.
De Lisle's remaining troops leave the Suvla sector during the successful December evacuation.
Cabinet endorses Robertsons & Haigs decision for the Western Front to have priority
Haig begins coordinating future British operations with Joffre as the new BEF commander.
Haig emerges as the leading candidate to replace Sir John French as commander of the BEF.
Haig reviews the expanding British sector and the requirements for larger operations in 1916.
Replaced as Commander-in-Chief by General Haig
Participates in Allied deliberations over maintaining British forces at Salonika after Serbia's defeat.
Beatty keeps the Battle Cruiser Fleet ready for rapid deployment against any German surface sortie.
Publication of "1914 & Other Poems"
Appointed Admiral
Appointed Admiral
Appointed Adviser to the Treasury
Serves in Cairo intelligence circles as British officers assess Ottoman Arabia and Arab nationalist politics.
Assumes responsibility for Third Army operations on the Arras sector.
Appointed Attorney General
Hamilton approves a major August offensive combining ANZAC attacks, a Sari Bair advance and new landings at Suvla.
At the outset of the operation, the expected role of the infantry was to be the occupation of Istanbul; the taking of the straits was to be accomplished by the Entente naval forces.
The British hope to turn the Balkans against the Axis. The British hope to capture Constantinople & force Turkey to surrender
The operation was originally intended to be purely naval due to a lack of available troops and the independence of Lord of the admiralty Winston Churchill but, by early February, it was decided that more regular infantry was needed.
Commands the military forces at the Dardanelles
Visits the Peninsular in November & recommends evacuation
The Thirteenth Division suffers 50% losses before its transfer to Mesopotamia in March 1916
The high number of casualties leadss to French's dismissal
Appointed Member of Cabinet
Appointed Captain of the Luisitania
Appointed Captain of the Luisitania
Appointed Chief-of-Imperial Staff
Appointed Chief of the Imperial Staff
Appointed Commander of the 3rd Army
Appointed Commander of the 3rd Army
Appointed Commander of 5th Corps
Appointed Commander of 5th Corps
Appointed Commander of the 87th Brigade at Gallipoli
Appointed Commander of the 87th Brigade at Gallipoli
Appointed Commander of the 1st Corps in France
Appointed Commander of the 1st Corps in France
Appointed Commander of the Home Forces
Appointed Commander of the Home Forces
Appointed Commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
Appointed Commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
Appointed Commander of the Thirteenth Division at Gallipoli
Appointed Commander of the Thirteenth Division at Gallipoli
Fisher promotes Courageous as a fast, heavily armed, shallow-draught vessel intended for operations including the Baltic.
The Admiralty reassesses the mine danger after battleships are sunk or damaged in the Narrows.
Churchill supports stronger minesweeping efforts as Ottoman minefields block progress through the straits.
The Admiralty increases naval gunfire against Ottoman forts while attempts continue to open the straits.
Death of Rupert Brooke
Fisher strongly supports fitting director firing systems to battleships and battlecruisers without withdrawing them from service.
Dismissed for alleged German sympathies
Appointed Head of the Education Board, the first Labour Member of Parliament to have Cabinet rank
Appointed Head of the Education Board, the first Labour Member of Parliament to have Cabinet rank
McKenna introduces a tax on exceptional wartime business profits.
Takes command of V Corps on the Western Front.
Appointed First Sea Lord of the Admiralty
Appointed Foreign Minister, 1st term
Appointed Foreign Minister, 1st term
Fisher backs Furious as an exceptionally fast shallow-draught ship carrying very heavy guns for specialised offensive work.
Monro recommends withdrawal after concluding that the Allied position offers little prospect of strategic success.
Hamilton develops simultaneous landings at Cape Helles and north of Gaba Tepe with a French diversion at Kum Kale.
Fisher promotes Glorious as another shallow-draught fast capital ship for his projected northern-water strategy.
Further monitor construction is authorised around available 9.2-inch guns for coastal bombardment operations.
Monro directs preparations to remove the remaining British and French forces from Cape Helles.
Appointed Home Secretary
Bulgarian forces are driven back from the eastern bank of the Vardar by the Allies
An Allied Expeditionary Force lands the day of the Austro-German attack of Serbia
Chamberlain becomes Lord Mayor and promotes municipal savings during wartime.
The Admiralty expands warnings and routing advice to merchant vessels facing the growing submarine threat.
Eden joins the King's Royal Rifle Corps during the First World War
Appointed Minister of Munitions
Kitcheners slogan, "Your Country Needs You!", helps gain 1.7 million volunteers
Winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, studied crystalline structures using x-rays
Publication of "Of Human Bondage"
Kitchener supports evacuation from ANZAC and Suvla after inspecting conditions on the peninsula.
The Admiralty commits the modern battleship HMS Queen Elizabeth to long-range bombardment at the Dardanelles.
Churchill considers arguments that determined minesweeping could still reopen the naval route through the Dardanelles.
Appointed Member the Royal Flying Corps
Leads V Corps through the difficult defensive fighting at Second Ypres.
Appointed Secretary of State for India
Appointed Secretary of State for India
Orders seven tank steamers as Anglo-Persian invests government-backed capital in transport capacity.
Smaller monitors carrying six-inch weapons are added to the wartime shallow-water construction programme.
Appointed Solicitor General
Churchill authorises experimental work using heavy machinery to explore methods of crossing fortified trench systems.
Commands IX Corps at Suvla Bay on Gallipoli, August 1915-January 1916
Churchill places Director of Naval Construction Eustace Tennyson d'Eyncourt in charge of the landship project.
Publication of "The Good Soldier"
Publication of "The Rainbow"
Publication of "The Research Significant"
Publication of "The Thirty-Nine Steps"
Churchill authorises practical experiments with tracked vehicles rather than relying only on paper designs.
Sees local mutual medical provision in Tredegar.
Receives his early education at Twyford School before progressing to Winchester College.
Appointed Viceroy of Ireland
Warns Bulgaria that if she attacks Serbia Britain will come to Serbias assistance
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