13 January 1917April CrisisAlexander Fedorovich Kerensky
Kerensky records his position on april crisis in exile.
Historical records for Russia in 1917, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
Kerensky records his position on april crisis in exile.
Arrives in New York after expulsion from Europe and joins the Russian socialist émigré community.
The Bolsheviks call a strike in Petrograd to protest the 1915 arrest of their Duma members for opposing the war
The Bolsheviks call a strike in Petrograd to protest the 1915 arrest of their Duma members for opposing the war
The Bolsheviks call a strike in Petrograd to protest the 1915 arrest of their Duma members for opposing the war
The Bolsheviks call a strike in Petrograd to protest the 1915 arrest of their Duma members for opposing the war
The Bolsheviks call a strike in Petrograd to protest the 1915 arrest of their Duma members for opposing the war
The Bolsheviks call a strike in Petrograd to protest the 1915 arrest of their Duma members for opposing the war
The Councillor of State Mikhail Rodzianko meets with Tsar Nicholas II in Tsarskoye Selo, and warns him of massive upheavel throughout the country, Rodzianko insists that tumultuous events can be avoided by stregthening the Duma
The Councillor of State Mikhail Rodzianko meets with Tsar Nicholas II in Tsarskoye Selo, and warns him of massive upheavel throughout the country, Rodzianko insists that tumultuous events can be avoided by stregthening the Duma
The Bolshevik Petrograd Committee calls on workers to overthrow the Tsar
The strike called by the Bolsheviks continues, while a Menshevik called strike begins to show support for the Duma at Taurida Palace (as opposed to the Tsar), which opens a new session
The Bolshevik Petrograd Committee calls on workers to overthrow the Tsar
The Duma opens in the halls of Taurida, Petrograd
The strike called by the Bolsheviks continues, while a Menshevik called strike begins to show support for the Duma at Taurida Palace (as opposed to the Tsar), which opens a new session
The strike called by the Bolsheviks continues, while a Menshevik called strike begins to show support for the Duma at Taurida Palace (as opposed to the Tsar), which opens a new session
The Bolshevik Petrograd Committee calls on workers to overthrow the Tsar
The strike called by the Bolsheviks continues, while a Menshevik called strike begins to show support for the Duma at Taurida Palace (as opposed to the Tsar), which opens a new session
The Tsarleaves Moscow for Mogliev, the security of Moscow is entrusted to Beliaev
Leaves Moscow for Mogliev, the security of Moscow is entrusted to Beliaev
Departs for Mogliev
The Tsar leaves for the General Headquarters in Mogilev
Duma & Soviet representitives reach agreement on the basis of an 8 point program
Demonstrations pass off peacefully. Balk observes that the Cossacks are reluctant to confront the crowds
128,000 workers take to the streets demanding an end to the World War and an increase in food
International Womens Day demonstrations
The February Revolution is ignited by International Womens Day, women textile workers and soldier's wives
128,000 workers take to the streets demanding an end to the World War and an increase in food
The February Revolution is ignited by International Womens Day, women textile workers and soldier's wives
Calls for the re-unification of the Bolsheviks & Mensheviks
The strike doubles in size to around 200,000 workers, nearly half of all industrial workers in Petrograd are on strike, the new demands of the strike shift heavily towards overthrowing the autocracy and an end to the war
The strikers demand the overthrow of the autocracy and an end to the war
Between 200,000 & 300,000 workers fill the streets
Calls for the re-unification of the Bolsheviks & Mensheviks. Calls for an end to the war & for revolution
The strike doubles in size to around 200,000 workers, nearly half of all industrial workers in Petrograd
Calls for the re-unification of the Bolsheviks & Mensheviks
General Khabalovs soldiers, acting under the Tsars orders, open fire on striking workers, 169 workers are killed, and over 1,000 people are injured
The strike doubles in size to around 200,000 workers, nearly half of all industrial workers in Petrograd are on strike
The strikers demand the overthrow of the autocracy and an end to the war
Ordered by Nicholas II to use force on the Petrograd demonstrators
Orders the suppression of demonstrations by the use of force. Nicholas orders that the demonstrations be suppressed by force
Armed clashes with the police occur, with many killed and wounded, Empress Alexandra writes to Nicholas II, "This is a hooligan campaign, with boys and girls running about shouting that they have no bread..all this will surely pass"
Submits a draft manifesto to the Russian bureau of Central Committee. Includes proposals for a Constituent Assembly & universal male suffrage
General Khabalov's soldiers, acting under the Tsar's orders, open fire on striking workers, 169 workers are killed & over 1,000 injured
The police launch wide scale arrests of over 100 leaders of revolutionary organisations, including the Bolsheviks
Petrograd is occupied by military units in combat gear & a curfew imposed
The Volynskii Regiment fires on the crowd killing 40
The Volynskii Regiment fires on the crowd killing 40. The Pavlovski Regiment mutinies in protest when the crowd in Petrograd is fired upon. The Pavlovski regiment disobeys orders to fire on civilians. Petrograd is occupied by military units in combat gear, a curfew is declared
The bridges of the River Neva are raised
The Volynskii Guard Regiment open fire & kill 40, order is restored
General Khabalov's soldiers, acting under the Tsar's orders, open fire on striking workers, 169 workers are killed & over 1,000 injured
The police launch wide scale arrests of over 100 leaders of revolutionary organisations, including the Bolsheviks
Submits a draft manifesto to the Russian bureau of Central Committee. Includes proposals for a Constituent Assembly & universal male suffrage
The Pavlovski Regiment mutinies in protest when the crowd in Petrograd is fired upon
General Khabalov's soldiers, acting under the Tsar's orders, open fire on striking workers, 169 workers are killed & over 1,000 injured
The police launch wide scale arrests of over 100 leaders of revolutionary organisations, including the Bolsheviks
Rodzianko warns Nicholas II that unrest in Petrograd is becoming critical and urges immediate political concessions.
Nicholas II orders General Ivanov to suppress the disorder
Khabalov has only 2,000 loyal troops as Petrograd is taken over by peasant soldiers
The Pavlovski Regiment votes to disobey orders to fire on civilians. Nicholas II orders General Ivanov to suppress the disorder. Most of Petrograd is in the hands of a mutinous garrison. Most of Petrgrad is in the hands of mutinous regiments. Government buildings are burnt, General Ivanov is ordered to quell the disorders
Rodzianko asks the Duma to convene to resolve on a course of action, the group creates a Provisional Committee, which urgently asks the Tsar to save himself by sharing power with a Prime Minister, the Tsar refuses
Rodzianko asks the Duma to convene to resolve on a course of action, the group creates a Provisional Committee, which urgently asks the Tsar to save himself by sharing power with a Prime Minister, the Tsar refuses
Kerensky works with members of the Duma as a temporary political authority emerges during the collapse of the imperial government.
Factory and military delegates begin forming the Petrograd Soviet.
Kerensky becomes an active revolutionary figure as demonstrations and military mutiny destroy imperial authority in Petrograd.
Supports the Duma committee as the monarchy collapses.
Supports order as the imperial regime collapses.
Rodzianko asks the Duma to convene to resolve on a course of action, the group creates a Provisional Committee, which urgently asks the Tsar to save himself by sharing power with a Prime Minister, the Tsar refuses
Rodzianko asks the Duma to convene to resolve on a course of action, the group creates a Provisional Committee, which urgently asks the Tsar to save himself by sharing power with a Prime Minister, the Tsar refuses
Plays a leading role during the February Revolution, helping establish the revolutionary authorities that replace the Romanov monarchy.
Rodzianko chairs the Provisional Committee of the State Duma as imperial authority collapses in Petrograd.
Menshevik influence shapes the early Petrograd Soviet leadership.
Helps organise the Soviet as revolutionary authority emerges.
Kerensky uses his standing as a socialist Duma deputy to establish links with the newly forming Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
Bridges the Duma committee and the new Soviet leadership.
Joins the Soviet leadership during the February Revolution.
Records the formation of the Petrograd Soviet from inside revolutionary circles.
Menshevik leaders call for elections to the Petrograd Soviet.
Skobelev joins the Soviet leadership as workers and soldiers create new institutions.
Kerensky connects the Duma committee with the newly formed Petrograd Soviet.
Rodzianko asks the Duma to convene to resolve on a course of action, the group creates a Provisional Committee, which urgently asks the Tsar to save himself by sharing power with a Prime Minister, the Tsar refuses
Khabalov has only 2,000 loyal troops as Petrograd is taken over by peasant soldiers
The Pavlovski Regiment disobey orders to fire on civilians. Demonstrations turn into soldier mutiny. By night Petrograd is in the hands of peasant soldiers
Chkheidze is chosen as an early leader during Soviet formation.
Khabalov has only 2,000 loyal troops as Petrograd is taken over by peasant soldiers
Publishes the Bolshevik Party manifesto in Izvestia
Publishes the Bolshevik Party manifesto in Izvestia
Disturbances spread to Moscow
The Duma committee must coexist with the Petrograd Soviet.
Chairs the Soviet Executive Committee during the revolution.
Departs for Tsarskoye Selo
The revolutionary masses seize the city of Moscow, the Tsars Minister's are arrested, the Provisional Committee assumes control of the Army, while the Kronstadt sailors mutiny against their officers
Publishes the Bolshevik Party manifesto in Izvestia
The revolutionary masses seize the city of Moscow, the Tsars Minister's are arrested, the Provisional Committee assumes control of the Army, while the Kronstadt sailors mutiny against their officers
Publishes the Bolshevik Party manifesto in Izvestia
Supervises the Tsars abdication
Supervises the Tsars abdication during February Revolution
Arrested during The February Revolution of 1917 and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Provisional Government
Returns to full duties
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Provisional Government
General Ivanov is ordered to abort his mission to suppress rebellion in Petrograd
General Ivanov is ordered to abort his mission to suppress the rebellion in Petrograd
Nicholas II orders General Alekseev to form a Duma ministry
Becomes influential in the Soviet moderate majority.
The Imperial train is diverted to Pskov
The first Joint Plenum of the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies issues Soviet Order No. 1: all soldiers units will elect Soldiers Committee's & the decree stipulates that soldiers will now accept orders from the Soldiers Soviet
The first Joint Plenum of the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies issues Soviet Order No. 1: all soldiers units will elect Soldiers Committee's & the decree stipulates that soldiers will now accept orders from the Soldiers Soviet
Nicholas II orders General Alekseev to form a Duma ministry
Formation of the Moscow Soviet
The Soviet issues Order Number One increasing soldiers representation and influence.
The Soviet issues Order Number One to soldiers of the garrison.
Helps draft Order Number One for the Petrograd Soviet.
Sokolov helps prepare the order that defines early Soviet authority.
General Ivanov is ordered to abort his mission to suppress the rebellion in Petrograd
Socialist Revolutionaries gain influence inside the Soviet movement.
The first Joint Plenum of the Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies issues Soviet Order No. 1: all soldiers units will elect Soldiers Committee's & the decree stipulates that soldiers will now accept orders from the Soldiers Soviet
Nicholas II signs his abdication, ending his reign as the monarchy collapses during the February Revolution.
Miliukov becomes foreign minister in the first Provisional Government headed by Prince Lvov.
Guchkov becomes minister of war and navy in the first Provisional Government.
Duma & Soviet representitives reach agreement on the basis of an 8 point program
The Provisional Government shares authority with the Petrograd Soviet.
His government must share authority with the Petrograd Soviet.
Lvov becomes minister-chairman of the Provisional Government formed after negotiations between Duma leaders and Soviet representatives.
A Provisional Government is formed
Duma & Soviet representitives reach agreement on the basis of an 8 point program
Is appointed commander of the Petrograd Military District.
A Provisional Government is formed
The Soviet supports pressure for the former emperor's arrest.
Stalin, with a group of exiles, leaves Achinsk for Petrograd
Petrograd revolutionary authorities press for the former tsar's detention.
The Provisional Government meets Michael & persuades him to reject the crown
The Provisional Government meets Michael & persuades him to reject the crown
The Provisional Government meets Michael & persuades him to reject the crown
The Provisional Government meets Michael & persuades him to reject the crown
Grand Duke Michael declines to accept the crown without approval from a future constituent assembly, ending Romanov rule.
Issues his abdication manifesto
Nicholas abdication manifesto is made public
Michaels renunciation of the throne is made public
Nicholas abdication manifesto is made public
The Police Department is abolished
The Provisional Government dismisses all governors & their deputies
Pravda resumes printing & Molotov is appointed to the editorial board
Pravda resumes printing & Molotov is appointed to the editorial board
The Provisional Government dismisses all governors & their deputies
Carries out orders connected with custody of the imperial family.
Carries out orders connected with custody of the imperial family.
Bids farewell to his army officers & departs for Tsarskoye Selo under arrest
Bids farewell to his Army Officers & heads for Tsarskoye Selo
Nicholas II and his family are placed under guard at the Alexander Palace after the abdication.
The USA recognizes the Provisional Government
The USA recognizes the Provisional Government
Factory and military delegates elect Chkheidze chairman of the Soviet.
Workers and soldiers choose Chkheidze to lead the Petrograd Soviet.
Is elected vice chairman of the Petrograd Soviet.
Released by the February Revolution from exile in Turukhansk, arrives in Petrograd
Represents Menshevik influence in the Petrograd Soviet.
Is elected vice chairman while joining the revolutionary leadership.
Returns from exile and influences Bolshevik policy in Petrograd.
Returns to Petrograd and works on Pravda.
Becomes vice chairman of the Petrograd Soviet.
Returns from Siberia and resumes Bolshevik organisation in Petrograd.
Returns from Siberia and works with Bolsheviks in Petrograd.
Returns from exile and influences Bolshevik Soviet tactics.
Returns from exile and enters Bolshevik work around the Soviet.
Forced to abdicate at his Russian front HQ at Pskov
Joins the government while retaining links with the Soviet.
Returns from exile and helps edit the Bolshevik newspaper
Helps guide the paper's cautious early revolutionary line
Appointed Foreign Minister
Appointed Minister of Justice
Supports amnesty for political prisoners after February.
Defines Russias war aims
Lenins Letters from Afar, are published, though highly abridged
Appointed Commander in Chief by the Provisional Government
Appointed Commander in Chief by the Provisional Government
The Provisional Government introduces state monopoly on the grain trade
Appointed Commander in Chief by the Provisional Government
Appointed Commander in Chief by the Provisional Government
The Provisional Government introduces state monopoly on the grain trade
Supports abolition of the death penalty after the revolution.
Trotsky leaves exile in New York to return to Russia
March-August, under arrest at Tsarskoye Selo
Appointed Comander-in-Chief of the Russian Army
Appointed Comander-in-Chief of the Russian Army
Britain withdraws offer to provide asylum for the Imperial family
Backs reforms intended to democratise courts and prisons.
Tries to restore discipline among revolutionary soldiers.
Supports cooperation with the Provisional Government.
Tsereteli supports moderate socialist policies within the Petrograd Soviet.
Kerensky's Trudovik parliamentary career gives way to senior revolutionary office as he enters the new political order created after the fall of the monarchy.
Lenin, Zinoviev, and other Bolsheviks arrive in Petrograd from exile in Switzerland, they are met at the train station by a large contigent of jubilent workers, soldiers, and party members
Lenin, Zinoviev, and other Bolsheviks arrive in Petrograd from exile in Switzerland, they are met at the train station by a large contigent of jubilent workers, soldiers, and party members
Kerensky wishes to convene the Constituent Assembly to institute more Liberal reforms
Lenin, Zinoviev, and other Bolsheviks arrive in Petrograd from exile in Switzerland, they are met at the train station by a large contigent of jubilent workers, soldiers, and party members
At Byelo-Ostrov Station, Finland Railway, Stalin, Ulyanova and a delegation of Petrograd and Sestroretsk working men and women meet Lenin on his return from exile and accompany him to Petrograd
Lenin, Zinoviev, and other Bolsheviks arrive in Petrograd from exile in Switzerland, they are met at the train station by a large contigent of jubilent workers, soldiers, and party members
At Byelo-Ostrov Station, Finland Railway, Stalin, Ulyanova and a delegation of Petrograd and Sestroretsk working men and women meet Lenin on his return from exile and accompany him to Petrograd
Lenin arrives at Finland Station after returning from exile and immediately challenges support for the Provisional Government.
Rejects Lenin's demand for Soviet power.
Presents a program rejecting support for the Provisional Government
Calls for all power to pass to the Soviets.
Asserts that Russia is "passing from the first stage of the revolutionwhich, owing to the insufficient class consciousness and organisation of the proletariat, placed power in the hands of the bourgeoisieto its second stage, which must place power in the hands of the proletariat and
Calls for a new "revolutionary International, an International against the social-chauvinists and against the Center" which later becomes the Comintern (Third International) formed in 1919.
Condemns the Provisional Government as bourgeois and urges "no support" for it, as "the utter falsity of all its promises should be made clear" & condemns World War I as a "predatory imperialist war" and the "revolutionary defensism" of foreign social democrat parties, calling for
In Russian the "Aprelskiye Tezisy", the April Theses formed a programme developed by Lenin during the 1917 Russian Revolution in which Lenin calls for Soviet control of the state & When published the theses contributed to the July Days rising and to the subsequent coup
Lenin delivers his April Thesis, states that Russia will become a republic of soviets.
Lenin succeeded in persuading the Bolsheviks of his arguments as laid out in the April Theses and they provided much of the ideological groundwork that later led to the October Revolution.
The April Theses are published in the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda and read by Lenin at two meetings of the All-Russia Conference of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies.
of October 1917, bringing the Bolsheviks to power.
revolutionary defeatism.
the poorest sections of the peasants"
Takes part in Bolshevik discussions after Lenin presents his theses
Supports Lenin's demand for a new revolutionary course
In Russian the "Aprelskiye Tezisy", the April Theses formed a programme developed by Lenin during the 1917 Russian Revolution in which Lenin calls for Soviet control of the state & When published the theses contributed to the July Days rising and to the subsequent coup
Lenin succeeded in persuading the Bolsheviks of his arguments as laid out in the April Theses and they provided much of the ideological groundwork that later led to the October Revolution.
The April Theses are published in the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda and read by Lenin at two meetings of the All-Russia Conference of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies.
of October 1917, bringing the Bolsheviks to power
Stalin takes part in the conference of leading members of the Bolshevik Party and in the joint meeting of Bolshevik and Menshevik delegates to the Alln Conference of Soviets where Lenin expounds his April Theses
In the April Theses Lenin calls for a new "revolutionary International, an International against the social-chauvinists and against the Center" which later becomes the Comintern (Third International) formed in 1919. Calls for a new "revolutionary International, an International against the social-chauvinists and against the Center" which later becomes the Comintern (Third International) formed in 1919
Stalin takes part in the conference of leading members of the Bolshevik Party and in the joint meeting of Bolshevik and Menshevik delegates to the Alln Conference of Soviets where Lenin expounds his April Theses
In the April Theses Lenin calls for a new "revolutionary International, an International against the social-chauvinists and against the Center" which later becomes the Comintern (Third International) formed in 1919. Calls for a new "revolutionary International, an International against the social-chauvinists and against the Center" which later becomes the Comintern (Third International) formed in 1919
Stalin takes part in the conference of leading members of the Bolshevik Party and in the joint meeting of Bolshevik and Menshevik delegates to the Alln Conference of Soviets where Lenin expounds his April Theses
The April Theses are published in the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda and read by Lenin at two meetings of the All-Russia Conference of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies
Lenin presents the April Theses, rejecting support for the Provisional Government and demanding transfer of power to the Soviets.
Condemns the Provisional Government as bourgeois and urges "no support" for it, as "the utter falsity of all its promises should be made clear" & condemns World War I as a "predatory imperialist war" and the "revolutionary defensism" of foreign social democrat parties, calling for revolutionary defeatism
Publication of "The April Theses"
Defends cooperation with the Provisional Government.
Debates Lenin's radical Soviet policy.
Supports Bolshevik work inside the Soviet movement.
Uses the Bolshevik newspaper to press a new revolutionary program
Challenges Lenin's theses as too radical for immediate Bolshevik policy
Moves from cautious support for the Provisional Government toward Lenin's line
His April Theses help shape slogans later used during the July Days.
In the Milyukov note, Milyukov tells allies that the war aims are unchanged
In the Milyukov note, Milyukov tells allies that the war aims are unchanged
In the Milyukov note, Milyukov tells allies that the war aims are unchanged
Miliukov assures the Allies that Russia will continue the war and honour its existing international commitments.
Kerensky opposes interpretations of Milyukov's note that suggest Russia will continue an expansionist war policy.
Kerensky faces mass demonstrations in Petrograd after publication of Milyukov's war aims statement.
Public demonstrations erupt after Miliukov's war-policy note becomes known, deepening the first major crisis of the Provisional Government.
Helps calm demonstrations against the government.
Faces public anger over the war policy of the Provisional Government
Presses Bolshevik opposition to the Provisional Government during the crisis
Opposition to the Foreign Minister Milyukov boils over due to his refusal to renounce annexations
Opposition to the Foreign Minister Milyukov boils over due to his refusal to renounce annexations
His note promising to honour Allied war commitments sparks street demonstrations
His war aims note intensifies Soviet opposition.
Helps manage Soviet authority during the April crisis.
Helps steer Bolshevik responses during the demonstrations
Appeals for order as demonstrations challenge the government and Soviet leaders
Appeals for order as demonstrations challenge the government.
Argues for preserving coalition influence over the revolution.
Tsereteli works within the Soviet to calm political unrest.
Works to restrain demonstrations and preserve Soviet influence.
1st Bolshevik demonstrations in Petrograd & Moscow
1st Bolshevik demonstrations in Petrograd & Moscow
Kerensky survives the political crisis caused by Milyukov's war aims note and supports a compromise between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet.
Survives the crisis caused by Milyukov’s war aims note.
Criticizes revolutionary excesses and warns against disorder after the demonstrations
Survives the crisis by moving toward a broader coalition government
Lenin and Stalin guide the work of the 7th Alln Conference of the Bolshevik Party
Lenin and Stalin guide the work of the 7th Alln Conference of the Bolshevik Party
The Provisional Government concedes that it cannot maintain order
The Provisional Government concedes that it cannot maintain order
Kerensky supports negotiations to bring socialist representatives into the Provisional Government after the April crisis.
The Bolsheviks organize the Red Guard
The Bolsheviks organize the Red Guard
Receives command of the Eighth Army on the Southwestern Front.
Guchkov resigns as war minister amid military breakdown and the political crisis over continuation of the war.
Is detained by British authorities in Canada while returning from New York to revolutionary Russia.
Dimissed by the provisional Government
Dimissed by the provisional Government
After the Russian monarchy was overthrown during the February Revolution, returns to Russia in a sealed train with Lenin and other revolutionaries opposed to the war
After the Russian monarchy was overthrown during the February Revolution, returns to Russia in a sealed train with Lenin and other revolutionaries opposed to the war
After the Russian monarchy was overthrown during the February Revolution, returns to Russia in a sealed train with Lenin and other revolutionaries opposed to the war
After the Russian monarchy was overthrown during the February Revolution, returns to Russia in a sealed train with Lenin and other revolutionaries opposed to the war
Dimissed by the provisional Government
Dimissed by the provisional Government
Kerensky remains in government after Milyukov resigns following the April political crisis.
Reports that the Army is in a state of ruin
Miliukov resigns from the Provisional Government after the April crisis destroys support for his foreign-policy position.
Forms a coalition Government, 6 socialists enter the cabinet
Forms a coalition Government, 6 socialists enter the cabinet
Returns to Petrograd after release from British detention and immediately re-enters revolutionary politics.
Chernov enters the coalition government as agriculture minister while pressure grows for immediate redistribution of land.
Socialist leaders enter government with Soviet approval.
Becomes war minister in the new coalition.
Supports socialist participation in the government.
Leads the Provisional Government under pressure from the Petrograd Soviet.
Kerensky helps form the first coalition government including socialist and liberal ministers.
Lvov forms a coalition government that brings moderate socialist ministers into the cabinet alongside liberals.
Appointed Minister for Posts & Telegraph in the 1st coalition Government
Appointed Prime Minister of the Provisional Government
Offers the "internationalist" Mensheviks a place on the editorial board of Pravda
Offers the "internationalist" Mensheviks a place on the editorial board of Pravda
Offers the "internationalist" Mensheviks a place on the editorial board of Pravda
Offers the "internationalist" Mensheviks a place on the editorial board of Pravda
Offers the "internationalist" Mensheviks a place on the editorial board of Pravda
Offers the "internationalist" Mensheviks a place on the editorial board of Pravda
Resigns as Foreign Minister
Declares Russia that it will not agree a separate peace with the Central Powers
Becomes Minister of War and Navy before pressing for a renewed offensive.
Becomes Minister of War and Navy in the coalition government.
Brusilov becomes supreme commander of the Russian army as the Provisional Government prepares a new offensive.
Appointed Commander in Chief by the provisional Government
Appointed Commander in Chief by the provisional Government
Dismissed as Commander in Chief because of opposition to the Kerenski Offensive
Becomes commander in chief and prepares the army for the summer attack.
Dismissed as Commander in Chief because of opposition to the Kerenski Offensive
Appointed Commander in Chief by the provisional Government
Appointed Commander in Chief by the provisional Government
Bolsheviks use Soviet meetings to press their slogan.
Milyukov resigns, members of the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries join the Government
Tours the front to rally soldiers behind the offensive.
Returns to Moscow via Japan & Siberia
Returns to Moscow via Japan & Siberia
Milyukov resigns, members of the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries join the Government
Milyukov resigns, members of the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries join the Government
Milyukov resigns, members of the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries join the Government
Works with soldiers linked to the Soviet and Bolsheviks.
Milyukov resigns, members of the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries join the Government
Milyukov resigns, members of the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries join the Government
Commands the Seventh Army supporting the Russian attack in Galicia.
Commands the Southwestern Front selected to launch the main offensive.
Commands the Eleventh Army in the opening sector of the offensive.
Arrested at Tiflis on a plotting charge
1st Alln Congress of Soviets opens
Stalin attends the sittings of the First Alln Congress of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies
Represents Socialist Revolutionary influence at the First Congress of Soviets
Opens the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets as a leading moderate.
Presides as the first national Soviet congress opens.
Presides over Soviet politics as the first national congress opens.
Supports moderate socialist policy at the First Congress of Soviets
Argues that the Soviets should support a coalition with the Provisional Government
The First All Congress of Workers and Soldiers Soviets opens
Chkheidze opens the first national congress of Soviet representatives.
Chkheidze represents moderate socialist leadership during the early development of the Soviet.
Challenges moderate Soviet leaders by declaring that Bolsheviks are ready to take power
Claims Bolsheviks are ready to take power.
Defends coalition policy before Soviet delegates.
Argues for socialist participation in coalition government during the congress
Opposes moderate Soviet support for coalition government.
The Bolshevik led Kronstadt revolt is put down by the Provisional Government
The Bolshevik led Kronstadt revolt is put down by the Provisional Government
The Bolshevik led Kronstadt revolt is put down by the Provisional Government
The Bolsheviks hold back from a coup
The Bolsheviks hold back from a coup
Works on operational planning at Stavka before the offensive begins.
Faces rising radical pressure in the Soviet streets.
Bolshevik slogans dominate the mass demonstration.
Speaks for a more radical Soviet policy.
An offensive is launched by Russia against Austria Hungary
The First Alln Congress of Soviets elects Stalin a member of the Central Executive Committee
The First Alln Congress of Soviets elects Stalin a member of the Central Executive Committee
Warns that army discipline has weakened before the planned attack.
Tours the front to rally soldiers for the coming offensive.
Approves the final timetable for the renewed Russian attack.
Orders the arrest of leading Bolsheviks
Orders the arrest of leading Bolsheviks
The Russians defeat the Austrians but the Germans again come to their rescue
Defends the military offensive that helps provoke unrest in Petrograd.
Criticises the Provisional Government as war weariness intensifies.
Supports the offensive with attacks near Brzezany.
Orders the Southwestern Front to begin the main attack.
The failed offensive undermines Soviet confidence in the government.
Addresses troops as the artillery preparation begins.
Launches the Russian summer offensive against the Central Powers.
Leads the Eighth Army during the Russian summer offensive.
His army attacks Austro-German positions near Zborov.
Supports caution as unrest grows among soldiers and workers.
Faces a coalition crisis before the July Days demonstrations begin.
Warns radicals that an isolated uprising would be dangerous.
Works with Lenin and Kamenev as Bolsheviks debate tactics.
Receives early reports of Russian advances in Galicia.
Presents the initial advance as proof that revolutionary Russia can fight.
Workers and soldiers in Petrograd demand the Soviet takes power, sporadic fighting results and the Soviet restores order with troops brought back from the front, Trotsky is arrested & Lenin goes into hiding
Encourages soldiers and workers to take immediate action.
Supports Bolshevik agitation as unrest spreads beyond Petrograd.
Is targeted by angry demonstrators demanding Soviet power.
Chkheidze attempts to prevent the Soviet from supporting armed revolt.
Refuses to let the Soviet endorse premature insurrection.
Seeks to keep the Petrograd Soviet from endorsing armed revolt.
Encourages radical workers and soldiers demanding Soviet power.
Works with military activists as unrest spreads among soldiers.
Speaks to radical crowds during the unrest.
Works in the Military Organisation as soldiers press for action.
Helps direct the Bolshevik Military Organisation before the demonstrations.
The Military Organisation helps mobilise armed demonstrators.
Helps mobilise Kronstadt sailors for the Petrograd demonstrations.
Agitates among sailors preparing to move on Petrograd.
Helps manage Bolshevik press and party activity during the crisis.
Supports party organisation as the demonstrations develop.
Argues that the Soviet should resist pressure to seize power.
The July Days refer to events that take place in Petrograd, Russia, between 3 July and 7 July (Julian calendar) (16 July 20 July, Gregorian calendar), when soldiers and industrial workers engage in spontaneous demonstrations against the Russian Provisional Government
Is rescued from hostile sailors by Trotsky.
Is confronted by angry demonstrators at the Tauride Palace.
Presides as the Soviet refuses to take power.
Supports efforts to restore military order during the crisis.
Calls for restraint inside the Bolshevik leadership.
Seeks loyal troops to restore order in Petrograd.
Addresses crowds demanding that the Soviet take power.
Tries to assess whether the movement is premature.
Speaks to workers and soldiers during the crisis.
Struggles to maintain authority as the coalition government weakens.
Maintains contact with armed soldier units.
Helps coordinate demonstrators moving through Petrograd.
Commands loyal troops used against the demonstrations.
Leads Kronstadt sailors into Petrograd.
Acts among the radical sailors during the demonstrations.
Works to keep party communications functioning during the unrest.
Helps maintain party discipline during the street actions.
Protects Chernov from hostile sailors during the crisis.
Intervenes to protect Chernov from enraged demonstrators.
Urges demonstrators not to provoke isolated confrontation.
Supports bringing loyal troops to restore order.
Supports bringing loyal troops into the capital.
Supports attempts to prevent an uncontrolled armed uprising.
Supports the Soviet line against armed demonstrations.
Backs restoration of order under Soviet authority.
Supports repression after loyal troops regain the streets.
Faces accusations that Bolsheviks are serving German interests.
The failed demonstrations force Bolshevik leaders onto the defensive.
The crisis weakens his government and accelerates his resignation.
Kadet pressure contributes to the government crisis around the July Days.
Works within the Provisional Government during the crisis.
Faces government accusations against Bolshevik military activists.
Comes under pressure as the Military Organisation is blamed for the unrest.
Kronstadt sailors are blamed for armed pressure on the Soviet.
Supports the government response against Bolshevik influence.
Defends the movement while opposing reckless confrontation.
Supports punitive measures against armed demonstrators.
Is exposed to arrest as the government moves against Bolsheviks.
Uses the crisis to strengthen his political authority.
Avoids arrest as attacks on Bolshevik offices intensify.
Is among Bolshevik figures threatened by repression.
Helps arrange Lenin's movement to safety.
Works to preserve the party organisation after the crackdown.
Remains in Petrograd as arrests of Bolsheviks begin.
Goes into hiding with Lenin after government pressure increases.
Reports that discipline problems are slowing the advance.
The offensive stalls as discipline collapses in the Russian army.
Resigns as the government crisis reaches its peak.
Urges units to continue the attack despite falling morale.
Lvov resigns as minister-chairman after disputes over land reform and the continuing political crisis.
Takes over as head of the Provisional Government.
Uses the crisis to strengthen government authority.
Sees the offensive weaken as soldiers refuse renewed attacks.
Attempts to hold gains as Russian units begin to disintegrate.
His troops capture Kalusz before the offensive collapses.
Faces arrest as government repression continues.
Hides near Razliv after the government issues arrest orders.
Helps decide that Lenin should not surrender to the authorities.
Condemns slanders against Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
Hides with Lenin near Razliv after the crackdown.
Demands stronger discipline as Russian units begin to disintegrate.
Continues supporting the coalition against Bolshevik pressure.
Presides over a Soviet shaken by the armed demonstrations.
Forms a strengthened government after the July Days.
Supports Kerensky's reorganised government after the crisis.
Continues in office under Kerensky during the post-July settlement.
Defends the Soviet majority's support for the government.
Travels to Finland for a rest
Faces rising opposition as defeat and disorder damage the government.
Faces rising opposition as the government crisis deepens before the July Days.
Faces political danger as the Bolshevik press is suppressed.
Prepares to flee toward Finland while avoiding arrest.
Comes under suspicion for the role of Kronstadt sailors.
Faces repression after the sailors' role in the demonstrations.
Helps rebuild party communications after arrests and raids.
Escapes Petrograd with Lenin after the crackdown.
Helps found a provisional Government
Is arrested as part of the post-July repression.
Presents the Bolshevik movement as a threat to revolutionary order.
Is arrested after the government moves against Bolshevik leaders.
Oversees military measures against radical organisations.
Challenges the accusation that Bolshevik leaders are German agents.
Observes that revolutionary discipline cannot sustain offensive operations.
Faces political unrest as the offensive fails to deliver victory.
Supports continued coalition rule after the street crisis.
Remains underground as the Bolshevik Party retreats tactically.
Takes part in efforts to keep the Bolshevik organisation intact.
Helps stabilise party structures during the reaction.
Argues that Bolshevik influence must be checked.
Stays hidden after the failure of the demonstrations.
Finland declares independence from Russia
Finland declares independence from Russia
Moves to consolidate authority after Lvov's resignation.
Bolshevik military networks are disrupted by government pressure.
Promotes accusations of German money behind the Bolsheviks.
The Military Organisation is forced onto the defensive after the crackdown.
Kronstadt radicalism is blamed for the armed character of the protests.
Sailor activists face intensified scrutiny after the demonstrations.
Left Socialist Revolutionaries watch the crisis reshape revolutionary politics.
Is increasingly targeted by the authorities after defending Lenin.
Recognises that the operation has failed to restore army cohesion.
The machine gunners appeal met with a favorable response from the soldiers of the Moscow, Pavlovsky, Grenadiers, and 1st Reserve regiments who march to demonstrate under the slogan All Power to the Soviets
Uses the aftermath to form a stronger coalition government.
Machine-gunners and radical activists prepare demonstrations demanding Soviet power.
The Kadets walk out of the Russian Provisional Government, threatening the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) with the breakup of the Government coalition and a Government crisis results
The Kadets walk out of the Russian Provisional Government, threatening the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) with the breakup of the Government coalition and a Government crisis results
Demonstrations begin among soldiers of the First Machine-Gun Regiment.
The July Days begin as soldiers and workers protest against the Provisional Government.
Workers and soldiers demand Soviet power as disorder spreads through Petrograd.
Workers and soldiers demand Soviet power as Trotsky supports restraint.
The Bolsheviks decide to provide leadership to the movement in order to give it an organized and peaceful character so.
The demands which the workers and soldiers take to the streets with in the July Days are influenced by the Bolshevik Party All Power to the Soviets.
during the afternoon of 17 July a peaceful demonstration of 500,000 workers, soldiers, and sailors under the slogan All Power to the Soviets is held.
The demonstration is organized by the Bolshevik Military Organisation without initial authorization from the Central Committee after pressure from rank and file soldiers
This record states: Both Trotsky and Zinoviev argued that the street protests remain peaceful so the Bolshevik Military Organisation organize the demonstration.
This record states: Coming out in support of the street demonstrations.
This record states: Mobilizing reinforcements from the front lines and dispatching armored cars to capture key posts including bridges and the Peter and Paul Fortress.
This record states: Under the pressure of what seemed like a developing mass demonstration of workers and soldiers in the streets, the leadership of the Bolshevik Military Organisation, the Petersburg Committee and later on the Central Committee, reversed their decision.
Kerensky orders the arrest of Lenin and the other leading Bolsheviks, accusing them of inciting revolt with German financial backing
The Bolsheviks decide to provide leadership to the movement in order to give it an organized and peaceful character so during the afternoon of 17 July a peaceful demonstration of 500,000 workers soldiers
The demands which the workers and soldiers take to the streets with in the July Days are influenced by the Bolshevik Party All Power to the Soviets.
The demonstration is organized by the Bolshevik Military Organisation without initial authorization from the Central Committee after pressure from rank and file soldiers.
and sailors under the slogan All Power to the Soviets is held
This record states: Both Trotsky and Zinoviev argued that the street protests remain peaceful so the Bolshevik Military Organisation organize the demonstration.
This record states: Coming out in support of the street demonstrations.
This record states: Mobilizing reinforcements from the front lines and dispatching armored cars to capture key posts including bridges and the Peter and Paul Fortress.
This record states: Under the pressure of what seemed like a developing mass demonstration of workers and soldiers in the streets, the leadership of the Bolshevik Military Organisation, the Petersburg Committee and later on the Central Committee, reversed their decision.
Orders action against leading Bolsheviks after accusing them of inciting revolt.
Anti-government demonstrations also spread beyond Petrograd to Moscow and other cities.
Bolsheviks try to give the mass movement a more organised and peaceful direction.
Government troops fire on demonstrators and the Soviet supports punitive measures.
The Bolshevik Military Organisation helps organise the armed demonstration.
The Central Committee tries to restrain the developing street movement.
Workers and soldiers march under the slogan All Power to the Soviets.
Bolshevik leaders reverse course and support the mass demonstrations.
Trotsky argues that street protests should remain peaceful and disciplined.
Trotsky supports Central Committee efforts to restrain the movement.
Orders Lenin and other Bolsheviks arrested after the July Days.
The military authorities send troops against the demonstration, leaving more than 700 people killed and wounded & the SRs and Mensheviks support punitive measures against the July Days insurgents. The Mensheviks oppose the demonstrations during the July Days
Under the pressure of what seemed like a developing mass demonstration of workers and soldiers in the streets, the leadership of the Bolshevik Military Organisation, the Petersburg Committee and later on the Central Committee, reversed their decision, coming out in support of the street demonstrations
A new provisional Government is set up with Kerensky at its head
Kornilov becomes supreme commander and presses for stronger measures to restore discipline in the armed forces.
The offices and printing plant of Pravda and the headquarters of the Bolshevik Central Committee are destroyed
An arrest order forces Lenin underground after Bolshevik offices are attacked.
Appoints Kornilov commander in chief despite Soviet unease.
The offices and printing plant of Pravda and the headquarters of the Bolshevik Central Committee are destroyed
The Provisional Government issues an order for the arrest of Lenin, who is forced to go underground
Receives growing support from officers after becoming army leader.
Becomes head of a reorganised Provisional Government after the crisis.
Uses the July Days aftermath to move against Bolshevik leaders.
The failed offensive helps clear his path to become prime minister.
Appointed Prime Minister of Russia
Becomes head of the Provisional Government after Lvov resigns.
Is arrested after defending the Bolsheviks.
Forms a new coalition government after the July crisis.
Moderate Soviet leaders briefly recover authority.
Stalin and Sverdlov direct the 6th Congress of the Bolshevik Party
Stalin and Sverdlov direct the 6th Congress of the Bolshevik Party
Sixth Congress of the RSDLP occurs, representing 240,000 party members, since Lenin is in hiding, Stalin delivers the report on the work of the Central Committee, the Congress resolves that a peaceful revolution has become impossible
Taken with his family to Tobolsk
Replaces Brusilov as commander in chief of the Russian army.
Forced into exile to Finland during the July Days
Calls for harsh measures to restore discipline at the front.
Stalin is elected to the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks
Stalin is elected to the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks
Presses Kerensky for authority to rebuild army discipline.
At a plenary meeting of the Party Central Committee Stalin is appointed editor of Rabochy i Soldat
Inspects army units and demands stricter discipline.
Develops plans for stronger executive and military authority.
The Provisional Government schedules Constituent Assembly elections for 12 Nov
Schedules elections to the Constituent Assembly for November.
The Provisional Government schedules Constituent Assembly elections for 12 Nov
The Provisional Government schedules Constituent Assembly elections for 12 Nov
The Provisional Government schedules Constituent Assembly elections for 12 Nov
Addresses the Moscow State Conference seeking national unity.
Receives conservative support during the Moscow State Conference.
Warns that military collapse threatens revolutionary Russia.
Receives applause from conservative officers and public figures.
Issues orders aimed at restoring obedience in the army.
Socialists fear his programme could threaten revolutionary gains.
Discusses moving reliable troops toward Petrograd.
Relations with Kerensky deteriorate over power and military authority.
Uses Krymov cavalry corps in plans involving Petrograd.
Negotiates with Savinkov over restoring authority in the capital.
Receives Vladimir Lvov as tensions with Kerensky grow.
Orders troops toward Petrograd as the crisis escalates.
The Caucasian Native Cavalry Division is drawn into Petrograd plans.
Receives conflicting reports about Kornilov's intentions as relations between the government and army headquarters deteriorate.
Insists that military authority must be strengthened to save Russia.
Insists that stronger military authority is required to restore discipline and prevent further collapse of the Russian army.
Presses demands for stronger government and military measures as tensions with Kerensky reach a critical stage.
Kornilov refuses Kerensky's dismissal and continues military movements that the government denounces as rebellion.
Appeals for support against Kornilov's move on Petrograd.
Appeals to the Petrograd Soviet and revolutionary organisations for support against Kornilov's movement toward the capital.
Dismisses Kornilov after concluding that the commander in chief is challenging the authority of the Provisional Government.
His advance alarms the Petrograd Soviet and the government.
Appeals to officers and soldiers after Kerensky publicly denounces his actions as a challenge to the government.
Rejects Kerensky dismissal and calls for resistance to disorder.
Rejects Kerensky's dismissal and presents his actions as necessary to defend Russia from disorder and military disintegration.
Bolsheviks support resistance to Kornilov while continuing to oppose the political programme of Kerensky's government.
Allows revolutionary groups greater freedom to organise resistance as the threat from Kornilov appears to increase.
Authorises defensive measures around Petrograd while political organisations mobilise workers and soldiers against Kornilov.
Appeals to the army after Kerensky denounces him.
Attempts to rally military support while troops associated with his movement continue toward the Petrograd region.
Maintains that his programme is intended to restore order rather than destroy the revolution.
Bolshevik organisers gain greater freedom to mobilise workers and soldiers for the defence of Petrograd.
Bolsheviks gain influence by helping resist Kornilov.
The party presents Kornilov's action as evidence that counter-revolutionary forces threaten the gains of February.
Krymov cavalry advance toward Petrograd falters near Luga.
Relies on railway workers and political activists to disrupt communications and troop movements toward Petrograd.
Seeks support from loyal military units as Kornilov's advance begins losing momentum outside the capital.
Finds support weakening as soldiers encounter political delegations urging them not to move against Petrograd.
His attempted move on Petrograd loses momentum as railway workers intervene.
Receives reports that railway workers are delaying troop movements and disrupting communications with advancing units.
Bolshevik activists help organise resistance while railway workers and soldiers obstruct the advance toward Petrograd.
The crisis allows Bolshevik organisers to rebuild influence among workers after the repression following the July Days.
Railway workers disrupt troop movements toward Petrograd.
Attempts to restore government authority as the immediate military danger from Kornilov rapidly diminishes.
Receives reports that soldiers are abandoning the advance after railway disruption and revolutionary agitation.
Attempts to maintain authority at army headquarters as political and military support for his action collapses.
Finds support collapsing as soldiers are persuaded not to advance.
Learns that key units are refusing to continue the operation and that the movement toward Petrograd is breaking down.
Bolshevik political influence grows as Kornilov's forces lose momentum and the immediate threat to Petrograd recedes.
Agitators persuade many soldiers not to continue the advance.
Emerges from the failed Kornilov movement with emergency authority but weakened support among conservatives and socialists.
Faces the failure of his challenge after communication failures, railway resistance and political agitation stop the advance.
The attempted march on Petrograd fails without major battle.
The attempted movement on Petrograd ends without a major battle as supporting troops disperse or abandon the operation.
The failure of Kornilov strengthens Bolshevik claims that revolutionary organisations successfully defended the capital.
Under arrest at Tobolsk in Siberia from August for 8 months
Appointed Chairman of the Lugansk Soviet, 2nd term
Appointed Chairman of the Lugansk Soviet, 2nd term
Is elected to the Bolshevik Central Committee as the party prepares for a new phase of revolutionary struggle.
Joins the Bolshevik Party with the Mezhrayonka during the party's Sixth Congress.
Nicholas II and his family are transferred from Tsarskoye Selo to Tobolsk for confinement away from Petrograd.
Kornilov is arrested after the failure of his confrontation with Kerensky and is later confined at Bykhov.
Is arrested after the failure of the Kornilov Affair.
Appointed as Commander in Chief, 2nd term, recalled
Appointed as Commander in Chief, 2nd term, recalled
Orders action against senior officers associated with Kornilov after the attempted military challenge collapses.
Remains at army headquarters while government authorities prepare to remove and detain officers connected with the affair.
Bolshevik supporters use the aftermath of the crisis to press for greater influence in the Petrograd Soviet.
Accepts arrest after the affair collapses.
Is held with other officers after his arrest.
Begins reorganising the government after the crisis while facing growing distrust from both left and right.
The Germans capture Riga
Tries to stabilise political authority after the Kornilov confrontation exposes deep divisions within revolutionary Russia.
Is released as Bolsheviks gain prestige after the crisis.
Bolshevik recovery inside Soviets strengthens his position.
Is imprisoned alongside Denikin and other senior officers.
Bolsheviks win major influence in the Petrograd Soviet.
Kamenev supports increasing Bolshevik influence in the Petrograd Soviet.
Kerensky denounces Kornilov's advance toward Petrograd as a military revolt.
Kerensky dismisses Kornilov and assumes emergency authority during the crisis.
Becomes a symbol for anti-Bolshevik military circles.
Writes to the Central Committee saying that the time is ripe for the seizure of power
Resigns as Commander in Chief after 12 days after being recalled
Resigns as Commander in Chief after 12 days after being recalled
Revives the slogan "all power to the Soviets"
Revives the slogan "all power to the Soviets"
Avksentiev presides over the Democratic Conference convened to determine the political basis of a new government.
Seeks broader socialist support through the Democratic Conference.
Heads a temporary directory after the coalition breaks down.
Detention at Bykhov preserves future White commanders.
Appointed Chief of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff
Writes to the Central Committee a for a 2nd time urging it to seize power. Does not receive a reply from the Central Comm & threatens to resign
Stalins article "All Power to the Soviets!" appears in Rabochy Put, No. 13
Stalins article "All Power to the Soviets!" appears in Rabochy Put, No. 13
His programme remains associated with demands for military discipline.
The Party Central Committee approves the list of Bolshevik candidates to the Constituent Assembly, which includes Lenin and Stalin
The Party Central Committee approves the list of Bolshevik candidates to the Constituent Assembly, which includes Lenin and Stalin
Works within the party as Trotsky leads the Soviet.
Supports Bolshevik efforts to dominate Soviet politics.
Is elected chairman after the Bolshevik majority grows.
Is elected chairman of the Petrograd Soviet.
Replaces moderate leadership as Bolshevik strength grows.
Trotsky strengthens Bolshevik influence within the Petrograd Soviet before the October uprising.
Builds party organisation linked to Soviet power.
Urges Bolsheviks to prepare seizure of power through Soviet organs.
Faces a Bolshevik majority in the Petrograd Soviet.
The Bolsheviks win control of the Petrograd Soviet.
Lenin's party benefits as the Petrograd Soviet moves leftward.
The Bolsheviks win control of the Petrograd Soviet.
The Bolsheviks win majority influence within the Petrograd Soviet.
The affair damages Kerensky's relationship with senior army officers and further isolates the Provisional Government.
The defeat of Kornilov removes an immediate military threat but strengthens radical opposition to Kerensky's government.
His failed challenge becomes a major turning point in the political decline of the Provisional Government.
The collapse of the affair destroys Kornilov's command position and deepens hostility between conservative officers and Kerensky.
Bolshevik propaganda portrays the Kornilov episode as proof that the revolution remains threatened by military counter-revolution.
The party's standing rises sharply after the affair, weakening moderate socialist influence among workers and soldiers.
States that after capitalism "universal labour service" is the order of the day
Bolshevik control of the Soviet increases pressure on Kerensky.
Faces the Bolshevik majority in the Petrograd Soviet.
The Soviet's shift left weakens Kerensky's authority.
Bolshevik influence grows after the July repression weakens moderate socialists.
Lenin's party gains influence as the Soviet moves toward Bolshevik control.
Kerensky faces growing pressure as Bolshevik influence expands inside the Soviet.
Tries to offset Soviet pressure through the Pre-Parliament.
Supports the Provisional Council as a bridge to elections.
Lenin secretly returns to Petrograd to press the Bolshevik leadership toward an immediate armed seizure of power.
Lenin persuades the Bolshevik Central Committee to approve preparations for an armed insurrection.
The Central Committee votes 10 to 2 for armed insurrection
Lenin and Stalin attend a meeting of the Party Central Committee where Lenins resolution on armed insurrection is approved and a 7 man Political Bureau of the CC headed by Lenin and Stalin is setup to direct the uprising
Lenin and Stalin attend a meeting of the Party Central Committee where Lenins resolution on armed insurrection is approved and a 7 man Political Bureau of the CC headed by Lenin and Stalin is setup to direct the uprising
On October 10, 1917 (Julian calendar), he and Lev Kamenev were the only two Central Committee members to vote against an armed revolt
Circulates a letter to Bolshevik organisations arguing against "armed insurrection"
The Bolshevik Congress summons a 2nd Congress of Soviets
The Bolshevik Congress of Soviets of the Northern region opens. The Bolshevik Congress forms a "Northern Regional Committee"
The Bolshevik Congress summons a 2nd Congress of Soviets
The Bolshevik Congress of Soviets of the Northern region opens
Circulates a letter to Bolshevik organisations arguing against "armed insurrection"
The Bolshevik Congress forms a "Northern Regional Committee"
Works with the committee preparing armed action.
Represents Baltic sailors in revolutionary military planning.
Becomes active in the committee's military preparations.
The Petrograd Soviet supports creation of the Military Revolutionary Committee under Bolshevik leadership.
Helps create the committee under Petrograd Soviet authority.
Lenin and Stalin direct an enlarged meeting of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party Stalin sharply criticizes the speeches of the traitors Kamenev and Zinoviev on the question of armed insurrection
Serves in the committee as Bolshevik plans advance.
Approves the creation of the Military Revolutionary Committee
Lenin and Stalin direct an enlarged meeting of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party Stalin sharply criticizes the speeches of the traitors Kamenev and Zinoviev on the question of armed insurrection. A Party Centre, headed by Stalin, is elected to direct the uprising
Appointed President of the Military Revolutionary Committee
Appointed President of the Military Revolutionary Committee
Works with Bolshevik revolutionary structures linked to the Soviet.
Attends the first meeting of the committee.
Supports Bolshevik work inside the Petrograd Soviet before the uprising.
Stalin participates in Bolshevik organisation connected with the Petrograd Soviet.
Kamenev & Zinoviev resign from the Central Committee. An injunction is issued against Kamenev reventing further pronouncements
Takes part in the first meeting of the Petrograd Soviet's Military Revolutionary Committee.
Podvoisky helps extend Military Revolutionary Committee authority by placing commissars with key Petrograd military units.
The Soviet claims authority over the Petrograd garrison during the crisis.
Claims authority over Petrograd garrison orders through the Soviet.
Tries to move unreliable troops away from Petrograd.
Declares military staff to be "Counter revolutionary"
Attempts to assert authority over the radicalised garrison.
The Soviet provides organisational support for preparations before the uprising.
Uses Soviet authority to shield Bolshevik preparations.
23-24 October, negotiates with the military staff
The Government occupies Petrograd & closes down Bolshevik newspapers
The Government occupies Petrograd & closes down Bolshevik newspapers
Orders action against Bolshevik newspapers and the Military Revolutionary Committee.
Lenin and Stalin direct the October armed uprising
Lenin and Stalin direct the October armed uprising
Returns secretly as the Soviet-backed uprising begins.
Completes the occupation of Moscow
Declares the triumph of the workers & peasants revolution in Petrograd
The 2nd alln Congress of Soviets proclaims transfer of power to the Soviets
Lenin and Stalin direct the Second Alln Congress of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies
The 2nd alln Congress of Soviets proclaims transfer of power to the Soviets
Escapes from the Winter Palace dressed up as a female nurse
The 2nd alln Congress of Soviets proclaims transfer of power to the Soviets. Declares the Provisional Government deposed
Escapes the capital as the Winter Palace is threatened.
Condemns the Bolshevik seizure of power and calls for socialist pluralism
Criticizes the Bolshevik insurrection from the perspective of socialist democracy
Calls for support from the Russian Front
Escapes from the Winter Palace dressed up as a female nurse
Leaves Petrograd to seek loyal troops as Bolsheviks seize power.
Remains imprisoned when Bolsheviks seize power in Petrograd.
Lenin and Stalin direct the Second Alln Congress of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies
Lenin and Stalin direct the Second Alln Congress of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies
Announces that the Provisional Government has been overthrown.
Trotsky uses the Petrograd Soviet as a base for revolutionary action.
His government is overthrown during the Bolshevik October Revolution, forcing Kerensky to flee Petrograd and begin political exile.
Declares the Provisional Government deposed
Lenin announces that the Provisional Government has been overthrown as the Bolsheviks consolidate control of Petrograd.
The Second Congress confirms the Bolshevik takeover of government power.
Presides over Congress as the uprising succeeds.
Presides over the Second Congress as Bolsheviks seize power.
Trotsky presides as Soviet delegates approve the transfer of power.
Leads forces acting under the Military Revolutionary Committee.
Lunacharsky becomes People's Commissar for Education in the first Soviet government.
The Bolsheviks open the 2nd Congress of Soviets
The Military Revolutionary Council troops seize the Kremlin
The military revolutionary Council troops seize the Winter Palace
Podvoisky helps direct forces surrounding the Winter Palace as the remaining Provisional Government ministers are arrested.
Appointed Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars
Appointed Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars
The Bolsheviks open the 2nd Congress of Soviets
Congress approves the Council of Peoples Commissars
Becomes head of the new Soviet government.
Lenin becomes chairman of the Council of People's Commissars created by the Second Congress of Soviets.
Lenin presents the Decree on Land abolishing private landed estates and transferring land for local redistribution.
Presents early Soviet decrees after the Bolshevik victory.
Lenin presents the Decree on Peace calling for immediate negotiations toward a democratic peace without annexations or indemnities.
Declares, "The workers movement will triumph and will pave the way to peace and socialism".
The Decree on Peace, written by Vladimir Lenin, is passed by the Second Congress of the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers, and Peasants Deputies following the success of the October Revolution.
The workers and peasants Government, created by the Revolution of October 24-25 based on the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants Deputies, calls upon all belligerent peoples and their Government to start negotiations for a democratic peace.
Opposes one-party Bolshevik rule after the October uprising
The Decree on Peace, written by Vladimir Lenin, is passed by the Second Congress of the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers, and Peasants Deputies following the success of the October Revolution
Presents decrees on peace and land to the Second Congress
The Death Penalty abolished
The Death Penalty is abolished
The Decree on Peace is published in the Izvestiya newspaper, proposes an immediate withdrawal of Russia from World War I
Kerensky leaves Petrograd with Krasnov's support in an effort to regain control from the Bolsheviks.
Joins General Krasnov in an attempt to retake Petrograd.
The Decree on Peace is published in the Izvestiya newspaper, proposes an immediate withdrawal of Russia from World War I
The Petrograd Soviet becomes a foundation of the new revolutionary government.
Uses the Soviet as a base for new Bolshevik authority.
Kerensky joins Krasnov's headquarters while seeking military support for a counter-revolutionary campaign.
Krasnov's Cossack detachment advances toward Gatchina during the unsuccessful attempt to restore the Provisional Government.
Krasnov gathers Cossack forces south of Petrograd after agreeing to support Kerensky's attempt to challenge Bolshevik power.
The committee helps defend the new regime.
Krasnov leads Cossack troops supporting Kerensky in an attempt to retake Petrograd from the Bolsheviks.
His forces are repulsed outside Petrograd.
His counterattack fails against Soviet-backed forces.
Kerensky's forces are defeated near Petrograd, ending his immediate attempt to reverse the Bolshevik takeover.
Krasnov's forces encounter Soviet defenders at Pulkovo during the fighting outside Petrograd.
Lenin's government faces an armed challenge from Kerensky and Krasnov during the early consolidation of Bolshevik power.
Bolshevik organisers support defence measures as Krasnov's forces threaten Petrograd.
Trotsky helps organise Soviet resistance against the advance of Krasnov's Cossack forces.
The attempted counterattack collapses after Cossack support fails.
The Petrograd Soviet strengthens its military organisation after the failure of the Kerensky-Krasnov advance.
Set free after October Revolution and moved to the city of Taganrog on Azov Sea coast, where he lived illegally under the fake name of Greek citizen Mandusakis
The Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government on the eve of the meeting of Second All Congress of Soviets
Opposes the Bolshevik armed uprising
The Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government on the eve of the meeting of Second All Congress of Soviets. Power is given to the 2nd Congress of Soviets but withdrawn after Lenins opposition
The Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government on the eve of the meeting of Second All Congress of Soviets
Opposes the Bolshevik armed uprising
Advocates a socialist coalition but fails & forms an opposition Menshevik Party
The Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government on the eve of the meeting of Second All Congress of Soviets
Goes into hiding after the failure of the counteroffensive.
Left SRs cooperate with Bolsheviks in Soviet institutions.
The Bolsheviks gain Moscow
The Bolsheviks gain Moscow
Bolshevik forces gain control of Moscow after prolonged street fighting against forces loyal to the former government.
Bolsheviks gain control of Moscow after heavy fighting.
The Bolsheviks gain Moscow
Zinoviev, Kamenev, Alexei Rykov, Vladimir Milyutin, and Victor Nogin resign from the Central Committee on November 4, 1917 (Julian calendar)
Zinoviev, Kamenev, Alexei Rykov, Vladimir Milyutin, and Victor Nogin resign from the Central Committee on November 4, 1917 (Julian calendar)
Zinoviev, Kamenev, Alexei Rykov, Vladimir Milyutin, and Victor Nogin resign from the Central Committee on November 4, 1917 (Julian calendar)
Zinoviev, Kamenev, Alexei Rykov, Vladimir Milyutin, and Victor Nogin resign from the Central Committee on November 4, 1917 (Julian calendar)
Lenin wrote a proclamation calling Zinoviev and Kamenev "deserters", he never forgot their behavior, eventually making an ambiguous reference to their "October episode" in his Testament
Lenin wrote a proclamation calling Zinoviev and Kamenev "deserters", he never forgot their behavior, eventually making an ambiguous reference to their "October episode" in his Testament
Lenin wrote a proclamation calling Zinoviev and Kamenev "deserters", he never forgot their behavior, eventually making an ambiguous reference to their "October episode" in his Testament
The Ukraine is proclaimed independent by the Central Rada
The Ukraine is proclaimed independent by the Central Rada
The Soviets sieze power in Petrograd
Overthrows the Kerensky Government
The Bolshevik land decree abolishes private landed property and transfers land to peasant use
Proposes just & democratic peace without annexations, indemnities & self-determination
Krylenko is appointed commander in chief after Dukhonin refuses to seek an immediate armistice.
The Bolsheviks broadcast their conditions for peace
The Bolsheviks broadcast their conditions for peace
Dukhonin refuses the Soviet government's order to open armistice negotiations with the Central Powers.
Chernov's Socialist Revolutionary Party emerges as the largest force in voting for the Constituent Assembly.
Elections return the Socialist Revolutionaries as the largest party.
The Soviet government issues a decree establishing workers' control over production, accounting and enterprise administration.
Elections to the Constituent Assembly, the Socialist Revolutionaries the largest party
The Bolsheviks call for an armistice on all fronts
The Bolsheviks call for an armistice on all fronts
Resigns in protest against Lenins refusal to form a coalition Government
Is released after the Bolshevik seizure of power.
20 November-3 December, heads the Russian armistice negotiations
Dukhonin is killed by soldiers at army headquarters after Krylenko arrives to assume command.
Moves south after release to avoid Bolshevik control.
Appointed Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
The Bolsheviks win 175 seats out of 707. In the Constituent Assembly elections the Bolsheviks win 9.8 of 41.7 million votes
Appointed Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
The Socialist Revolutionaries win 17.5 million votes. The Bolsheviks win 175 seats out of 707. In the Constituent Assembly elections the Bolsheviks win 9.8 of 41.7 million votes
Sends delegates across the German lines to request an armistice
The German high command agrees to armistice negotiations to begin on 2 Dec
Bolsheviks decree the creation of Workers Committee's at placres of work
In all enterprises of "state importance" all matters should be deferred to the state. Bolsheviks decree the creation of Workers Committee's at placres of work
Remains associated with the democratic election promise.
The Allied Supreme Council rejects Lenins Decree on Peace
Helps defend Petrograd from Kerensky-Krasnov forces.
Travels toward the Don to join anti-Bolshevik forces.
Moderate socialists lose influence after the Bolshevik seizure of power.
Opposes Bolshevik domination of Soviet power.
Takes charge of Soviet foreign policy as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs in the new Council of People's Commissars.
Joins anti-Bolshevik officers gathering around Alekseev.
Outlaws the Cadet Party
Escapes from prison in Bykhov & heads for the Don by train
A ceasefire commences between Russia & the Central Powers
A ceasefire commences between Russia & the Central Powers
The Russian Army has disintegrated & Lenin seeks an armistice at Brest Litovsk
Brest Litovsk talks begin between Russia & the Central Powers
Official ceasefire between Russia & the Central Powers
The Soviet government creates the Cheka to combat counter-revolution and sabotage.
Official ceasefire between Russia & the Central Powers
The Soviet Commissars declare war on the Cossack chiefs
Forms the 1st White Volunteer units
Drafts the peace proposals for the Brest Litovsk negotiations
The Red Guard occupies private banks & a decree is passed to nationalize them
The Soviet government nationalizes private banks and strengthens state control over the financial system.
Germany retains its captured territories
A 28 day armistice is signed with the Central Powers
An armistice halts fighting between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers while formal peace negotiations continue.
An armistices is signed between Russia & the central powers
The 28 day armistice with the Central Powers begins
The Vesenkha gains control over Government finance of industry & wages state wages
The Vesenkha gains control over Government finance of industry & wages state wages
The Vesenkha gains control over Government finance of industry & state wages
Talks resume at Brest Litovsk
Heads the Russian peace negotiations which begins after the agreement of an armistice
Peace negotiations commence with the Central Powers
Heads the Russian peace negotiations which begins after the agreement of an armistice
Peace negotiations with the Central Powers are broken off
Helps form the Volunteer Army with Alekseev and Denikin.
A Bolshevik decree establishes the Supreme Economic Council over all economic bodies
A letter intercepted from Trotsky to a partisan indicates Russia is playing for time
Congress of Socialist Revolutionaries results in victory for the left under Chernov
Menshevik Congress gives victory to Martovs Menshevik internationalists
A Bolshevik decree establishes the Supreme Economic Council over all economic bodies
A Bolshevik decree establishes the Supreme Economic Council over all economic bodies
The Ukrainian Council proclaims Ukrainian independence
The Ukrainian Council proclaims Ukrainian independence
Congress of Socialist Revolutionaries results in victory for the left under Chernov
Menshevik Congress gives victory to Martovs Menshevik internationalists
The Vesenkha decrees each region establish a Council of National Economy (Sovnarkhoz)
Rises in Petrograd Bolshevik politics after the revolution.
A Bolshevik decree establishes the Supreme Economic Council over all economic bodies
The Vesenkha decrees each region establish a Council of National Economy (Sovnarkhoz)
Opposes Bolshevik pressure while arguing for democratic socialist organization
After the October Revolution Litvinov is appointed by Vladimir Lenin as the Soviet Governments representative in Britain
Cannot get Menshevik leaders to leave the coalition with the Provisional Government
Military breakdown contributes to wider political instability.
Russian forces begin artillery preparations before launching the summer offensive.
Arz coordinates Austro-Hungarian military responses to the offensive.
Austro-Hungarian reports describe progress against Russian forces.
Executed with other members of his familly by the Bolsheviks during the Revolution
Appointed Member of Bolshevik Party in Baku
Overthrown by Bolshevik Revolution
In exile during the February Revolution
A Bolshevik decree establishes the Supreme Economic Council over all economic bodies. The Bolsheviks overthrow the Provisional Government on the eve of the meeting of Second All Congress of Soviets. Publication of "Will The Bolsheviks Retain State Power?"
Opposes the Bolshevik armed uprising. Resigns after Lenin decides to form a Bolshevik Government but is re-instated
Brusilov reviews the failure of the offensive and problems within the army.
Austro-Hungarian commanders organise defensive measures against the Russian attack.
Central Powers forces regain territory after the Russian retreat.
Appointed Chief of Staff to the Provisional Government
Serves under Mikhail Alekseyev of the provisional Government
Serves under Mikhail Alekseyev of the provisional Government
Supports cooperation between the Soviet and the Provisional Government
The Comintern is founded at the Congress of the 3rd International. Founded after dissolving the Second International in 1916. At the Zimmerwald Conference Lenin had led the "Zimmerwald Left" against those who supported "national union" Governments
Russian commanders struggle to maintain effective control over forces.
Appointed Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander of the 5th Army
Appointed Commander of the 5th Army
Appointed Commander of the Western Front
Appointed Commander of the Western Front
Appointed Commissar of the Soviet Navy
Appointed Commissar of the Soviet Navy
Appointed Member of Communist Party
Appointed Member of Communist Party
At the Zimmerwald Conference Lenin had led the "Zimmerwald Left" against those who supported "national union" Governments
Addresses the Alln Peasant Congress
Delegate at the 2nd Congress of Soviets
A Bolshevik decree establishes the Supreme Economic Council over all economic bodies. In the April Theses states that Russia will become a republic of soviets
Opposes the Bolshevik armed uprising. After the Russian monarchy was overthrown during the February Revolution, returns to Russia in a sealed train with Lenin and other revolutionaries opposed to the war. Favours broad socialist coalition Government after the October Revolution
Death of Alexis Nikolayevich, executed
Attacks the War as an "Imperialist struggle"
Heads group of Menshevik-Internationalists opposed to the war
Works with the Bolshevik newspaper during the revolutionary period
Executed with other members of his familly by the Bolsheviks during the Revolution
Returns to Russia with Lenin to fight in the revolution
In exile during the February Revolution
Escapes from Russia during the revolution
Trotsky founds a propaganda section under Radek. Produces a paper for German & Austrian prisoners of war & troops on the Eastern front
The Russian front weakens as units refuse further offensive operations.
Kerensky makes appeals to soldiers during the campaign.
Cannot prevent the Menshevik leadership from joining the provisional Government
Military failure increases pressure on the Provisional Government.
Kerensky attempts to maintain support after military setbacks.
Hindenburg supports wider Central Powers strategy against Russia.
Publication of "Will The Bolsheviks Retain State Power?". Publication of "The State & Revolution", officials will receive workers wages. Publication of "The State & Revolution". Publication of "Imperialism the Highest Stage of Capitalism"
Russian units achieve early gains against Central Powers positions during the offensive.
Founded after dissolving the Second International in 1916
The Comintern is founded at the Congress of the 3rd International
Kerensky links the offensive to the defence of revolutionary Russia.
Kornilov leads operations while attempting to restore military discipline.
States that after capitalism "universal labour service" is the order of the day. At the Alln Peasants Congress speaks for "labour service". At the Alln Peasants Congress asks for workers agricultural units
Ludendorff coordinates military responses after the Russian offensive begins.
Criticizes Bolshevik seizure of power and defends socialist democracy
Cannot get Menshevik leaders to leave the coalition with the Provisional Government
Advocates a socialist coalition but fails & forms an opposition Menshevik Party. Heads group of Menshevik-Internationalists opposed to the war. Cannot prevent the Menshevik leadership from joining the provisional Government
Defends Menshevik positions against Bolshevik demands for immediate power
Works with the Mezhrayonka, a revolutionary group that moves increasingly toward cooperation with the Bolsheviks.
The government reviews military administration following defeat.
The offensive becomes a symbol of the Russian army's collapse in 1917.
Stavka receives reports about battlefield developments and operational difficulties.
Appointed Minister of War
Kerensky becomes a central figure during the government crisis created by disagreements over foreign policy and war aims.
Kerensky faces criticism after the failure of the offensive.
Appointed Member of Military Revolutionary Committee
Appointed Naval Attache to Washington
Works in the Bolshevik press apparatus during the revolution
Writes for the Russian-language socialist newspaper Novy Mir during his brief stay in New York.
Russian forces open the Kerensky Offensive against Austro-German positions.
Command failures contribute to the collapse of the offensive.
Participates in Menshevik organization during the revolutionary year
Chkheidze argues for cooperation between the Soviet and the Provisional Government.
Represents Menshevik influence in the Petrograd Soviet.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
The Petrograd Soviet develops revolutionary administration through elected workers and soldiers representatives.
Appointed Member of Politburo
Appointed Member of Politburo
The failure of the offensive creates a political crisis in Petrograd.
Leads the Provisional Government during a period of war, economic crisis and increasing pressure from Bolshevik opponents.
Appointed Chief of Staff to the Provisional Government
Serves under Mikhail Alekseyev of the provisional Government
Serves under Mikhail Alekseyev of the provisional Government
Cannot get Menshevik leaders to leave the coalition with the Provisional Government
Cannot prevent the Menshevik leadership from joining the provisional Government
Appointed Member of Red Guard
Appointed Member of Red Guard
Resigns after Lenin decides to form a Bolshevik Government but is re-instated
The offensive reveals tensions between revolutionary politics and military command.
Kerensky's role in resolving the April crisis increases his influence within the revolutionary government.
Becomes active in workers' political organizations during the revolutionary upheaval.
Russian forces begin withdrawing as the offensive collapses.
Appointed Minister of Agriculture
The Eleventh Army participates in operations during the offensive.
Political influence inside the army affects command decisions during operations.
The Petrograd Soviet becomes central to Bolshevik political authority.
Kerensky uses his position as minister to maintain cooperation between the government and the Petrograd Soviet.
The Council of Peoples Commissars is founded, the Russian Government
Composes, "Symphony No 1"
Central Powers forces respond to Russian attacks around Tarnopol.
Publication of "Will The Bolsheviks Retain State Power?". Publication of "The State & Revolution", officials will receive workers wages. Publication of "The State & Revolution". Publication of "Imperialism the Highest Stage of Capitalism"
Publication of "Will The Bolsheviks Retain State Power?". Publication of "The State & Revolution", officials will receive workers wages. Publication of "The State & Revolution". Publication of "Imperialism the Highest Stage of Capitalism"
Writes The Struggle for State Power during the revolutionary confrontation over which institutions should govern Russia.
Publication of "The White Flock"
Appointed Member of Vesenkha
Appointed Member of Vesenkha
Appointed Vice Minister of War in the Kerensky Government
Appointed Vice Minister of War in the Kerensky Government
The failed offensive creates divisions inside the government.
Kerensky attempts to balance revolutionary opposition to the war with the continued commitments of the Provisional Government.
Publication of "Will The Bolsheviks Retain State Power?". Publication of "The State & Revolution", officials will receive workers wages. Publication of "The State & Revolution". Publication of "Imperialism the Highest Stage of Capitalism"
At the Zimmerwald Conference Lenin had led the "Zimmerwald Left" against those who supported "national union" Governments
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