Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre Biography

Birth of Maximilien Francois Marie Isidore Robespierre

Appointed Member of Constituent Assembly

Appointed Member of Constituent Assembly

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre was appointed Member of Constituent Assembly.

Appointed Member of Estates General

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre was appointed Member of Estates General.

Artois electors sent Robespierre to the Estates General as one of their Third Estate representatives.

Robespierre spoke during debates on rights and religious liberty as the Assembly shaped the Declaration of Rights.

Robespierre participates in debate over religious liberty as the Assembly shapes the final Declaration of Rights.

Article 10 protects opinions, including religious beliefs, provided their expression does not disturb public order established by law.

The final declaration protects religious opinions but makes their public exercise subject to legally defined public order.

The name "Jacobins", given in France to the Dominicans (because their first house in Paris was in the Rue St Jacques), was first applied to the club in ridicule by its enemies. After the March on Versailles in October 1789, the club, still entirely composed of deputies, followed the National Constituent Assembly to Paris, where it rented the refectory of the monastery of the Jacobins in the Rue Saint-Honor‚

After the March on Versailles in October 1789, the club, still entirely composed of deputies, followed the National Constituent Assembly to Paris, where it rented the refectory of the monastery of the Jacobins in the Rue Saint-Honor‚

Robespierre becomes associated with the Society of the Friends of the Constitution as radical political debate grows in Paris

Robespierre becomes associated with the Society of the Friends of the Constitution as radical political debate grows in Paris.

Despite the declaration's equality language, subsequent electoral rules distinguish active from passive citizens and restrict political participation.

Robespierre argues against property qualifications and gains support among radical democrats in the club

Robespierre argues against property qualifications and gains support among radical democrats in the club.

The title assumed by the club itself, after the promulgation of the constitution of 1791, was Soci‚t‚ des amis de la constitution s‚ants aux Jacobins … Paris

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre opposed the War of Liberation because foreign countries are not ready for liberation.

Opposes the War of Liberation because foreign countries are not ready for liberation

The title assumed by the club itself, after the promulgation of the constitution of 1791, was Soci‚t‚ des amis de la constitution s‚ants aux Jacobins … Paris. Appointed Member of Jacobin Club

Appointed Member of Jacobin Club

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre became a member of the Jacobin Club.

The Jacobin Club adopts the name Society of the Friends of the Constitution sitting at the Jacobins in Paris

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre opposed Brissotin arguments for revolutionary war.

Opposes Brissotin arguments for revolutionary war

Robespierre successfully argued that members of the Constituent Assembly should not sit in the next legislature.

Robespierre argues that the kings flight reveals a deep crisis of trust in the monarchy

Robespierre argues that the kings flight reveals a deep crisis of trust in the monarchy.

Argues that the king's flight exposes a grave crisis of trust in the monarchy

Argues that the king's flight exposes a grave crisis of trust in the monarchy.

After the kings flight to Varennes Robespierre and other Jacobins question the future of constitutional monarchy

After the kings flight to Varennes Robespierre and other Jacobins question the future of constitutional monarchy.

The Champ de Mars massacre deepens the division between moderate constitutionalists and more radical Jacobins

The Champ de Mars massacre deepens the division between moderate constitutionalists and more radical Jacobins.

The massacre deepens the split between radical Jacobins and moderate constitutionalists

The massacre deepens the split between radical Jacobins and moderate constitutionalists.

Crowds acclaimed Robespierre at the close of the Constituent Assembly, reflecting his growing popular reputation.

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Appointed Member of Convention for Paris

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre became a Convention deputy for Paris.

After the fall of the monarchy Robespierre became a central figure in the Jacobin Club, and his faction in the National Convention, assembled in the fall of 1792, became known as Jacobins

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live".

The Jacobins assumed more and more power during the spring of 1793, with the support of the Parisian mob, which overawed the Convention, culminating in a coup at the end of May.

They were at first a minority, also called "the Mountain" (Montagnards), because they sat together in the higher seats in the Conventions hall.

After the fall of the monarchy Robespierre became a central figure in the Jacobin Club, and his faction in the National Convention, assembled in the fall of 1792, became known as Jacobins

Appointed Leader of the Mountain Party

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre became a leading figure of the Mountain.

Robespierre warns in the club that war may strengthen generals and endanger the Revolution

Robespierre warns in the club that war may strengthen generals and endanger the Revolution.

The Jacobins assumed more and more power during the spring of 1793, with the support of the Parisian mob, which overawed the Convention, culminating in a coup at the end of May

The Jacobins assumed more and more power during the spring of 1793, with the support of the Parisian mob, which overawed the Convention, culminating in a coup at the end of May

Robespierre was elected to the National Convention and took his place among the Montagnards.

Renamed to the Societe des Jacobins, amis de la liberte et de legalite

The new French Republic creates a political setting in which the Jacobin Club becomes more openly republican

The new French Republic creates a political setting in which the Jacobin Club becomes more openly republican.

Robespierre supported the death sentence for Louis XVI, arguing that the former king had betrayed the nation.

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

Supports the condemnation of Louis XVI to death for treason:"It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, that the country may live"

The execution of Louis XVI intensifies conflict between Jacobins Girondins and foreign enemies of the Republic

The execution of Louis XVI intensifies conflict between Jacobins Girondins and foreign enemies of the Republic.

The Jacobins assumed more and more power during the spring of 1793, with the support of the Parisian mob, which overawed the Convention, culminating in a coup at the end of May.

The Jacobins will hold power until the summer of 1794, and they repeatedly purged the Convention of those they held disloyal to the Republic.

ending with a widespread program of execution, the Reign of Terror in their last months.

The Jacobins will hold power until the summer of 1794, and they repeatedly purged the Convention of those they held disloyal to the Republic, ending with a widespread program of execution, the Reign of Terror in their last months

The Jacobins will hold power until the summer of 1794, and they repeatedly purged the Convention of those they held disloyal to the Republic, ending with a widespread program of execution, the Reign of Terror in their last months.

Robespierre promoted a Republic of Virtue while Jacobin rule intensified repression before his overthrow on 9 Thermidor.

The Jacobins will hold power until the summer of 1794, and they repeatedly purged the Convention of those they held disloyal to the Republic, ending with a widespread program of execution, the Reign of Terror in their last months. Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself

The Committee is already entering a more powerful and active phase, which would see it become a de facto dictatorship alongside its similarly powerful partner, the Committee of General Security

The Committee is already entering a more powerful and active phase, which would see it become a de facto dictatorship alongside its similarly powerful partner, the Committee of General Security.

Appointed President of the Committee of Public Safety

Robespierre joined the Committee of Public Safety as it expanded control over wartime policy, the Terror and the levee en masse.

The Committee is responsible for interpreting and applying the decrees of the National Convention, and thus for implementing some of the most stringent policies of the Terror & the levee en masse. The Committee is already entering a more powerful and active phase, which would see it become a de facto dictatorship alongside its similarly powerful partner, the Committee of General Security. Maximilien Robespierre is elected to the Committee

Robespierre joins the Committee of Public Safety while Jacobin influence over revolutionary government increases

Robespierre joins the Committee of Public Safety while Jacobin influence over revolutionary government increases.

Appointed President of the Committee of Public Safety

The Committee is responsible for interpreting and applying the decrees of the National Convention, and thus for implementing some of the most stringent policies of the Terror & the levee en masse

The Committee is responsible for interpreting and applying the decrees of the National Convention, and thus for implementing some of the most stringent policies of the Terror and the levee en masse.

Appointed President of the Committee of Public Safety

Appointed President of the Committee of Public Safety

The Decree for the Levee en Masse is made

The Decree for the Levee en Masse is made.

Popular pressure places terror on the order of the day as Jacobin dominated government confronts war and revolt

Popular pressure places terror on the order of the day as Jacobin dominated government confronts war and revolt.

The broad and centralized powers of the Committee are codified by the Law of 14 Frimaire (also known as the Law of Revolutionary Government)

The broad and centralized powers of the Committee are codified by the Law of 14 Frimaire (also known as the Law of Revolutionary Government).

The broad and centralized powers of the Committee are codified by the Law of 14 Frimaire (also known as the Law of Revolutionary Government)

The Law of 14 Frimaire centralises revolutionary government under the Convention and its committees

The Law of 14 Frimaire centralises revolutionary government under the Convention and its committees.

Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself.

The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic.

Thermidor is an alliance between those who felt Robespierre had gone too far and those who felt he had not gone far enough they were unable to maintain their control of the Convention

Thermidor is an alliance between those who felt Robespierre had gone too far and those who felt he had not gone far enough they were unable to maintain their control of the Convention.

eased out of power & the Jacobins dissolve

eased out of power and the Jacobins dissolve.

Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself. Thermidor is an alliance between those who felt Robespierre had gone too far and those who felt he had not gone far enough, they were unable to maintain their control of the Convention, eased out of power & the Jacobins dissolve

Robespierre’s overthrow on 9 Thermidor united opponents of different factions and began a rapid decline in Jacobin power.

Robespierre linked republican government with civic virtue in a major report on political morality.

The Paris commune is reorganized, Hebertists are replaced by supporters of Robespierre

The Paris commune is reorganized, Hebertists are replaced by supporters of Robespierre.

Robespierre presented the report that led the Convention to recognize the Supreme Being and the immortality of the soul.

Robespierre survived an assassination attempt.

Robespierre survived an assassination attempt by Cecile Renault.

Robespierre became president of the National Convention shortly before the Festival of the Supreme Being.

Appointed High Priest for a festival of the supreme being

Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre was appointed High Priest for a festival of the supreme being.

Robespierre promotes the Festival of the Supreme Being as part of his vision of civic virtue

Robespierre promotes the Festival of the Supreme Being as part of his vision of civic virtue.

Presides over the deistic worship of the supreme being held on the Champ de Mars

Presides over the deistic worship of the supreme being held on the Champ de Mars.

Appointed High Priest for a festival of the supreme being

The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security

The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security.

The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security

The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security

In revolutionary tribunals juries have to decide between acquital or death. In revolutionary tribunals Defence lawyers are banned. Allows juries to convict without hearing evidence. A law is passed establishing the Great Terror

In revolutionary tribunals juries have to decide between acquital or death. In revolutionary tribunals Defence lawyers are banned. Allows juries to convict without hearing evidence. A law is passed establishing the Great Terror.

The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security

In revolutionary tribunals juries have to decide between acquital or death. In revolutionary tribunals Defence lawyers are banned

In revolutionary tribunals juries have to decide between acquital or death. In revolutionary tribunals Defence lawyers are banned.

The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic

The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic

The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic.

The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic

Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself

Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself.

The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic

Jacobin rule increasingly depended on the Committee of Public Safety until Robespierre’s overthrow weakened the movement.

The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic. Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself

The Reign of Terror reached its political peak under the emergency committees before Robespierre’s fall on 9 Thermidor.

The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic. Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself

Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself

Robespierre addresses the National Convention and warns of unnamed conspirators within the government

Robespierre addresses the National Convention and warns of unnamed conspirators within the government.

Robespierre refuses to name the deputies he accuses and increases fear among members of the Convention

Robespierre refuses to name the deputies he accuses and increases fear among members of the Convention.

The Convention orders Robespierre arrested after deputies shout down his attempts to speak

The Convention orders Robespierre arrested after deputies shout down his attempts to speak.

The convention orders the arrest of Robespirre

The convention orders the arrest of Robespirre.

Appointed Committee of Public Safety

Robespierre is brought to the Hotel de Ville as the Commune tries to create an armed uprising

Robespierre is brought to the Hotel de Ville as the Commune tries to create an armed uprising.

Overthrown by the revolution of 9th Thermidor

Robespierre was overthrown during the revolution of 9 Thermidor.

The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794)

The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794).

The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794)

Appointed Committee of Public Safety

The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794)

Robespierre is denounced in the Convention on 9 Thermidor and the Jacobin political system begins to collapse

Robespierre is denounced in the Convention on 9 Thermidor and the Jacobin political system begins to collapse.

Convention troops capture Robespierre after the Commune defence collapses

Convention troops capture Robespierre after the Commune defence collapses.

Taken from the hotel de ville & guillotined with 21 of his supporters

Taken from the hotel de ville and guillotined with 21 of his supporters.

Removed from the Revolutionary Tribunal

Robespierre was removed from the Revolutionary Tribunal.

Robespierre is executed and the Jacobin Club loses its dominant position in revolutionary politics

Robespierre is executed and the Jacobin Club loses its dominant position in revolutionary politics.

Robespierre is executed by guillotine on 10 Thermidor after being declared an outlaw

Robespierre is executed by guillotine on 10 Thermidor after being declared an outlaw.

Taken from the Hotel de Ville & guillotined with 21 of his supporters

Removed from the Revolutionary Tribunal

The Committee's ceased to exist under the Constitution of 1795, which marked the beginning of the Directory

The Committee's ceased to exist under the Constitution of 1795, which marked the beginning of the Directory

The Committee's ceased to exist under the Constitution of 1795, which marked the beginning of the Directory