6 January 1644Capture of Arundel CastleWilliam Waller
Waller receives the surrender of Arundel Castle, checking Royalist attempts to penetrate Sussex and Kent.
Historical records for England in 1644, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
Waller receives the surrender of Arundel Castle, checking Royalist attempts to penetrate Sussex and Kent.
Charles summons a rival Parliament at Oxford after the Civil War has divided the kingdom.
Charles summons a rival Parliament at Oxford after the Civil War has divided the kingdom.
Captured at Nantwich while serving the Royalists, Monck is sent as a prisoner to London.
Joins forces with Fairfax & helps defeat Royalists led by Lord Byron
Forced to retreat to Chester
Defeated by Fairfax. Byrons infantry join the Parliamentarians
Fairfax helps defeat Byron's Royalist army at Nantwich, relieving the town and weakening Royalist control in Cheshire.
Defeats Irish Royalists & local troops who have laid siege to Nantwich
Monck is captured by Parliamentarian forces after the Royalist defeat at Nantwich.
Brereton joins Fairfax in breaking the Royalist siege of Nantwich and restoring Parliament's position in Cheshire.
Signs the Covenant enabling him to take up the position of Lieutenant Colonel
Signs the Covenant enabling him to take up the position of Lieutenant Colonel
The Covenanters are defeated by the Royalist horse under Newcastle at Corbridge
The Covenanters are defeated by the Royalist horse under Newcastle at Corbridge
Cromwell receives command of the Eastern Association cavalry and develops the disciplined mounted force later associated with his military reputation.
Covenanters under Leven get the better of Royalists under Newcastle outside Sunderland
Leads a siege of Aberdeen & captures some leading Covenanters
Leads a siege of Aberdeen & captures some leading Covenanters
Surrenders Parliamentary forces to Rupert of the Rhine & retreats to Hull
Covenanters under Leven & Royalists under Newcastle clash but the result is indecisive
Covenanters under Leven & Royalists under Newcastle clash but the result is indecisive
Waller defeats Hopton's Royalist army at Cheriton and gains control of much of Hampshire for Parliament.
Captures Aberdeen from the Covenanters
Captures Aberdeen from the Covenanters
Fairfax defeats Royalist forces at Selby, helping open the way for Parliamentarian pressure on York.
Defeats the Royalists under Lord Bellasis & captures Selby
Lord Newcastles Royalist force of 5,000 is trapped in York
The Covenanters & Parliament join forces at Tadcaster
The Covenanters & Parliament join forces at Tadcaster
Captures most of Montrose for the Royalists
Covenanters & Parliament raise the siege of York to destroy Devonshires army
Covenanters & Parliament raise the siege of York to destroy Devonshires army
Begins the siege where Newcastle is stranded with 5,000 men but is relieved by Rupert
Leaves her husband for the safety of the West Country, never sees him again
Defeats Cromwell but is kept in check by him
Captures Lincoln
Gathers together a force of 27,000 outside York
Charles Is Cavalry Leader accompanies his King on his way from Oxford
1st of the Cavaliers to enter then take Bolton
Joins forces with Prince Rupert
Waller advances against Oxford from the south while Parliamentarian armies attempt to trap the King's field force.
Blake helps defend Lyme Regis against a prolonged Royalist siege and preserves an important Parliamentarian foothold in the west.
Leicester is sacked by Charles I & Prince Rupert
Montrose expels the Covenentors from Aberdeen
The Battle of Aberdeen is fought between Royalist & Covenanter forces
Montrose expels the Covenentors from Aberdeen
The new Parliament includes 100 members of the Commons & 30 peers. Opens his own Parliament in Christ Church Hall
Waller attacks across the Cherwell at Cropredy Bridge but is driven back and loses artillery to the Royalists.
Reluctant to fight at all but persuades Rupert to postpone the battle 1 day
Arrives at Marston Moor, 6 miles west of York on the Knaresborough Rd
Commands the Royalist Horse
Totally defeated Newcastle departs for Hamburg. Commands the Royalist "whitecoats" but only 30 survive
Royalist defeat near York which loses Charles stronghold in the nth. 4,000 Royalists are killed & 1,500 taken prisoner
Fights at Marston Moor on the side of the English Parliament
Commands Manchesters Foot & for a time takes charge of Cromwell's cavalry
Sweeps away Gorings horse by attacking the Royalists from the rear. Defeats the Royalists near York, leaving 4,000 dead & taking 1,500 prisoners. Cromwell's first major victory, personally commands 2,500 men
Cromwell commands Eastern Association cavalry as Parliament and the Scots defeat Prince Rupert.
Colonel Charles Fairfax is killed in action at the Battle of Marston Moor
A gathering of eager national forces within a few square miles of ground naturally led to a battle, and Marston Moor proves decisive for the struggle in the north.
Cromwell relieves Fairfax and Parliament is victorious.
Fairfax's horse meets Gorings 1st line and charges them successfully.
The city of York is taken after the Battle of Marston Moor, and nearly the whole of the north submits to the Parliament.
Thomas Fairfax Cameron, 3rd commands the right suffering heavy losses from Goring.
Fairfax fights on the Parliamentarian side during the major victory at Marston Moor.
Fights for Parliament
Commands the Scottish dragoons on the side of the English Parliament
Commands the Royalist horse on the left flank
Fights for the Royalists at Marston Moor, on the losing side
As a 2nd to Goring commands some of the Royalist cavalry, taken prisoner by the Scots
Commands a Parliamentary regiment at the Battle of Marston Moor
Rupert commands the Royalist army defeated by Parliamentarian and Scottish forces at Marston Moor.
Stabs Cromwell in the neck & is made Viscount Dungannon. Commands a regiment under Lord Byron
Cromwell commands the Parliamentarian left-wing cavalry and helps turn the fighting at Marston Moor into a decisive Royalist defeat.
Colonel Charles Fairfax is killed in action at the Battle of Marston Moor
Writes complaining of the rebellion of the City Brigades
Writes complaining of the rebellion of the City Brigades
The city of York is taken after the Battle of Marston Moor, and nearly the whole of the north submits to the Parliament
Resumes the siege of York after victory at Marston Moor
Resumes the siege of York after victory at Marston Moor
Wounded by his own men
Parliament captures York
Leads the "Ironsides" & captures York
Parliament captures York
Blake takes command at Taunton and prepares the town to withstand repeated Royalist attempts to recover it.
Sails from Falmouth to Brest
Appointed Governor of York
Created Viscount Dungannon after the Battle of Marston Moor
Brereton defeats Royalist forces near Tarvin and frustrates efforts to reinforce the Royalist position around Chester.
The Royalists defeat Essex & capture 8,000 infantry. After their victory the Royalists are in a position to march on London
Defeated by Royalists 30 miles west of Plymouth. Charles I marches westwards from Oxford & intercepts Devereux. Charles I captures 8,000 of Devereuxs infantry
Defeated by Royalists 30 miles west of Plymouth, saves most of the cavalry
After victory at Lostwithiel the Royalists are in a position to march on London
Fills the gap left by William Waller who is supporting Essex in Cornwall
Commander of "Ironsides" during Parliaments capture of Newcastle
Commander for the Royalists at the 2nd Battle of Newbury
Fights at the Battle of Newbury
Fails to join forces with Waller. Charles I is able to retreat safely to Donnington Castle & to join Rupert in Oxford
With 10,000 men faces Cromwell with 22,000. The Battle is inconclusive & Charles retreats to Oxford. Manages to avoid capture & defeat, returns to Donnington Castle
Charles I escapes after the Second Battle of Newbury despite Parliamentarian attempts to trap his army.
Cromwell fights at Second Newbury and later urges a stronger pursuit of the withdrawing Royalist army.
Cromwell criticises missed opportunities after the Parliamentarian attack fails to destroy the king's army.
Skippon's infantry helps recover artillery lost earlier in Cornwall during Parliament's attack at Second Newbury.
Waller shares command in the Parliamentarian attack at Second Newbury and later argues for stronger pursuit of the King.
"if we beat the King 99 x he would be King still, if he beat us we should be hanged"
Advises a military defeat of the King after Manchester fails to persue him in battle
Cromwell criticises Manchester's conduct of the war and presses Parliament for a more vigorous military strategy.
Death of John Bankes, Royalist supporter & owner of Corfe Castle
Appointed to to co-ordinate the war with between Parliamentary & Scotish Allies
Helps form an alliance between Parliament & Scotland
Helps form an alliance between Parliament & Scotland
Helps form an alliance between Scotland & Parliament
1st publication of "Areopagetica", in support of freedom of the press
1st publication of "Areopagetica", in support of freedom of the press
Fights for the Royalists
Prevents the advance of Royalists under Sir Ralph Hopton
Fights at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge
Captures Donnington Castle north west of Newbury
Captures Tickill Castle for Parliament, against orders
Appointed Member of Committee of Both Kingdoms
Appointed Member of Committee of Both Kingdoms
Appointed Member of Committee of Both Kingdoms
Appointed Member of Committee of Both Kingdoms
Appointed a member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms
Appointed Member of Committee of Both Kingdoms
Appointed Member of Committee of Both Kingdoms
Appointed Member of Committee of Both Kingdoms
Appointed Member of Committee of Both Kingdoms
Given a Council of Advisers including Sir Edward Hyde, Sir Arthur Capel & Lord Hopton
Joins the Parliamentarians
Forced into exile, 1644-60, due to her unpopularity & Catholicism
Goes into exile after defeat at Marston Moor & loss of the nrth to Parliament
Appointed General of the Western Association & Generlissimo of the King's forces. Appointed Commander, under the control of Sir Edward Hyde
Appointed General of the Western Association & Generlissimo of the King's forces. Appointed Commander, under the control of Sir Edward Hyde
Massey conducts mobile operations from Gloucester against Royalist garrisons and communications across the surrounding counties.
Appointed Governor of Chester
Held in the Tower of London from 1644 to 1646 after his capture at Nantwich.
Appointed Leader of the Independents
Withdraws his troops from Ireland & recruits Irish reinforcements. Makes peace with the Irish Confederation
Makes peace with the Irish Confederation
Vane works through the Committee of Both Kingdoms to coordinate Parliamentarian and Scottish military policy.
Appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by Charles I, replaces the Earl of Leicester
Appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by Charles I, replaces the Earl of Leicester
Appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by the Oxford Parliament
Appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by the Oxford Parliament
Appointed Lord President of the Council
Joins up with Waller & Essex & forms a force of 18,000 outnumbering the King's by 2:1
While in prison Monck writes observations on military and political affairs.
Created Baron Astley
Negotiated the marriage between Prince Charles & Henrietta Maria of France
Created Earl of Glamorgan
Leads an Army sect demanding religious toleration & prosecution of criminals
Essex's field army in Cornwall is lost, severely weakening the Parliamentarian position in the region.
Commands a Royalist regiment before the defeat and capture at Nantwich.
Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the Parliamentary Army
Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the Parliamentary Army
Captures Alton for the Parliamentarians
Takes & holds Taunton for 2 years for the Parliamentary forces
Forced to surrender his army in Cornwall
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