Execution of John Hotham
Hotham is executed after a court martial convicts him over his wartime dealings with the Royalists.
Permanent historical records · Updated 2026-11-03
1645 in England
Explore 157 historical events and records for England in 1645.
Historical records for England in 1645
Sorted by month and day. Records with no month are shown last. Showing 40 of 157 unique records.
157Unique records
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32Named events on this page
12Named people on this page
14Places on this page
January
Death of William Laud
Death of William Laud, executed for treason
Execution
Beheaded for treason
Treason
Death of William Laud, executed for treason. Beheaded for treason
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant General of the Horse & Foot. Appointed 2nd-in-Command for Manchester
Lieutenant
Appointed Lieutenant General of the Horse & Foot
Peace
Signs a brief truce but breaks it when he refuses to accede to Parliaments terms
Treaty of Uxbridge
Signs a brief truce but breaks it when he refuses to accede to Parliaments terms
February
New Model Army Command
Fairfax is appointed to command the New Model Army and begins organising Parliament's new national field force.
New Model Army Legislation
St John supports Parliament's programme for reorganising its armies as the New Model Army is established.
March
Commander in Chief
Goring gets a commission as Commander in Chief of all western forces and so can only receive orders directly from the King
Siege of Taunton
Gorings men lay siege to Taunton
Result of Surrender of Royalist Forces in the West
Royalist resistance in the west collapses further, leaving Oxford as the principal remaining Royalist threat.
Surrender of Royalist Forces in the West
The Royalists are defeated in the West, only Oxford remains as a serious threat. Sir Ralph Hopton signs articles of surrender at Exeter
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
Charles I surrenders to the Scots rather than to Parliament. Charles final field force is crushed
Result of Surrender of Charles I
Charles I places himself in Scottish hands rather than surrendering directly to Parliament.
Surrender of Charles I
Charles I surrenders to the Scots rather than to Parliament
April
Dismissal
Removes the existing Generals
Lieutenant
Fairfax succeeds Essex as Captain General & Cromwell becomes Lt General
Lieutenant
Fairfax succeeds Essex as Captain General & Cromwell becomes Lt General
New Model Army
Fairfax becomes commander of the New Model Army created to improve Parliament's war effort.
Second-in-Command
Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the New Model Army under Sir Thomas Fairfax
Second-in-Command
Appointed 2nd-in-Command of the New Model Army
Self-Denying Ordinance
A modified Self-Denying Ordinance is passed by the Lords
Self-Denying Ordinance
Cromwell is exempted from resignation pressure and continues military service with Parliament's army.
Self-Denying Ordinance
Removes the existing Generals. Creates a New Model Army becoming 2nd-in-Command under Sir Thomas Fairfax. All MPs except Cromwell must relinquish military commissions within 40 days
Battle of Islip
Cromwell routs a detachment of Royalist horse at Islip during his raid against the king's artillery train.
Alliance Charles I and the Scots
Leaves to Royalist stronghold of Oxford to negotiate with the Scots
Mobilization
Marches out from Windsor prior to the Battle of Naseby
New Model Army Appointment
Skippon becomes Major-General of Foot in the New Model Army and encourages experienced soldiers to enter the reorganised force.
New Model Army Cavalry Command
Ireton receives senior cavalry command in the New Model Army as Parliament reorganises its field forces.
New Model Cavalry Regiment
Whalley receives command of a cavalry regiment in the New Model Army during Parliament's military reorganisation.
New Model Dragoon Regiment
Okey receives command of the New Model Army's dragoon regiment as Parliament forms its national field army.
Resignation of Edward Montagu
Anticipating the Self-denying Ordinance, Manchester resigned his command
May
Battle of Faringdon
Defeated in battle by the Earl of Norwich, George Goring
Skirmish at Faringdon
Royalist forces under Goring damage part of Cromwell's regiment near Faringdon after his Oxfordshire raid.
Mobilization
Reaches Blandford & detaches 6 regiments for the relief of Taunton
Siege of Oxford
Charles I and Goring evade Parliamentarian forces and leave Oxford during the campaigning season.
Mobilization
Reaches Droitwich & leaves it 14th May
Siege of Chester
Reaches Market Drayton & recieves news that Brereton has raised the siege of Chester
How these records were prepared
Generated from the World History Database historical_events table. Identical display records are collapsed; descriptions otherwise retain the stored text. Coverage and source quality vary. Check primary and specialist sources before citing individual historical claims.