1 January 1649TrialThomas Fairfax Cameron, 3rd
Parliament passes an Ordinance setting up a High Court of Justice to try Charles I
Historical records for England in 1649, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
Parliament passes an Ordinance setting up a High Court of Justice to try Charles I
Lilburne and the Leveller movement press the revised Agreement of the People as a proposed written constitution, but Parliament does not adopt it as the national settlement
Charles I goes on trial for treason
Charles I goes on trial for treason
Bradshaw presides over the High Court of Justice during the trial of Charles I.
Charles I goes on trial, he refuses to plead
One of the signatories of Charles Is death warrant
One of the signatories of Charles Is death warrant
Sentenced to death as a "tyrant, traitor & murderer"
Bradshaw pronounced sentence against Charles I before the regicide.
Ireton signs the death warrant authorising the execution of Charles I after the King's conviction by the High Court.
Pride signs the death warrant for Charles I after the High Court reaches its judgment against the King.
Says to Bishop Juxon, "I go from a corruptible crown to an uncorruptible crown"
Walks from St James Palace to his execution at Whitehall
Death of Charles I
Executes Charles I
Charles I is executed outside the Banqueting House after conviction for treason.
Says to Bishop Juxon, "I go from a corruptible crown to an uncorruptible crown"
Walks from St James Palace to his execution at Whitehall
Executed in front of the Whitehall Banqueting House; Charles II is proclaimed king in Scotland after the execution
Charles I was executed, removing the monarch and beginning republican government.
The interregnum lasts until 1660, ended by the restoration of Charles II. 1st day of the Interregnum, rule without monarchy
Pride is appointed among the commissioners of the High Court established to try Charles I for high treason.
Cromwell supported the trial and execution that preceded abolition of the monarchy.
The Scottish Parliament proclaimed Charles II while England remained a republic.
Marten supported the Commons resolution declaring the office of king unnecessary and dangerous.
Permission was refused for his burial in the Henry VII Chapel in Westminster Abbey
Appointed Chairman of the Council of State
A Council of State becomes an executive over the House of Commons
George de Carteret has Charles proclaimed King in Saint Helier, after the execution of his father, Charles I
George de Carteret has Charles proclaimed King in Saint Helier, after the execution of his father, Charles I
Lilburne publishes "England's New Chains Discovered", attacking the new regime and warning that the people remain unfree after the King's execution
Lilburne publishes "England's New Chains Discovered", attacking the new regime and warning that the people remain unfree after the King's execution
Parliament appoints Blake as one of the generals at sea to command Commonwealth naval operations.
Lilburne publishes England's New Chains Discovered and attacks the concentration of political power in the Army and Rump Parliament.
Lilburne publishes England's New Chains Discovered, attacking the army-dominated government for betraying the liberties for which Parliamentarian soldiers and civilians had fought
A committee including Cromwell revises the lists of JPs throughout England & Wales
Death of Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland
The Commons abolishes the House of Lords, against Cromwell's will
Lambert commands the closing phase of the siege that ends with Pontefract Castle surrendering to Parliament.
Lilburne publishes "The Second Part of England's New Chains Discovered", renewing Leveller criticism of the Council of State and Army Grandees
Lilburne publishes "The Second Part of England's New Chains Discovered", renewing Leveller criticism of the Council of State and Army Grandees
Lilburne is arrested with other Leveller leaders after renewed pamphlet attacks on the post-regicide government.
Prince is arrested with other Leveller leaders and brought before the Council of State before imprisonment in the Tower of London
Overton is imprisoned in the Tower with Lilburne, Walwyn and Prince after the Council of State moves against the Leveller leadership
Walwyn is imprisoned in the Tower with Lilburne, Overton and Prince as the government suppresses the Leveller leadership
Walwyn is arrested with Lilburne, Overton and Thomas Prince after renewed Leveller attacks on the new regime, showing the Commonwealth's determination to break the movement's leadership
The monarchy is abolished. The House of Lords is abolished
The House of Lords is abolished
Born in Rotterdam, eldest illegitimate son of Charles II and Lucy Walter during the royal exile after the execution of Charles I
Walwyn joins Lilburne, Overton and Prince in issuing a Leveller Manifestation defending their principles while under prosecution
Lockyer joins soldiers at Bishopsgate who resist orders to leave London before grievances over pay and service are resolved.
Elizabeth Lilburne helps lead Leveller women petitioners demanding the release of imprisoned Leveller leaders and asserting that women also have an interest in the liberties of the Commonwealth
Lockyer is condemned by court martial after the Bishopsgate mutiny and becomes a symbol of Leveller-linked military resistance.
Lockyer is executed by firing squad after the Bishopsgate mutiny, becoming a Leveller martyr
Lockyer is executed after the Bishopsgate mutiny, becoming a Leveller martyr whose funeral draws a large London demonstration marked by sea-green ribbons and rosemary
Lockyer's funeral becomes a large Leveller demonstration, with mourners wearing sea-green ribbons and rosemary in memory of the cause
Wildman remains associated with Leveller efforts to secure constitutional guarantees as conflict grows between radicals and the Commonwealth government.
Lilburne and fellow Levellers issue the Agreement of the Free People while imprisoned, setting out their constitutional programme.
Lilburne and the imprisoned Leveller leaders issue "An Agreement of the Free People of England" as a proposed constitutional settlement
Church is shot with other Leveller mutineers after the Burford rising, marking the destruction of the Levellers' organised support base within the New Model Army
A Parliamentary force under Colonel Reynolds defeats the Levellers
Cromwell helps suppress the Leveller-linked mutiny at Burford after army units resist orders and challenge the authority of their commanders.
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Parliament declares England a commonwealth with supreme authority in the Commons
Puts down the Leveller mutiny
Puts down the Leveller mutiny
Mutinous Leveller troops under William Thompson occupy Northampton
Mutinous Leveller troops under William Thompson occupy Northampton
Cromwell led the Commonwealth campaign to impose parliamentary authority in Ireland.
Death of Robert Dudley
"Unanimous in their resolution to perish rather than to deliver up the place". Refuses to surrender Drogheda
Aston refuses to surrender, Cromwell says he will not be held responsible
Aston refuses to surrender, Cromwell says he is not responsible for the bloodshed
Killed during the first days assault on Drogheda
Orders a massacre of 1,500, including English Royalists, civilians & Catholic priests. More that 3,500 defenders of Drogheda are killed, including 1,000 civilians. Launches a policy of terror to prevent the "effusion of blood". 1st day of the assault on Drogheda but Cromwell is forced to make a temporary retreat
Cromwell storms Drogheda after refusing surrender terms and captures the Royalist garrison.
Cromwell arrives outside Wexford with 7,000 foot & 2,000 horse
Requests Wexford to surrender but Sinnott refuses & waits for reinforcements
Stafford surrenders Wexford Castle to Cromwell. Cromwell occupies Wexford Castle & 1,500 in Wexford are massacred
Cromwell's forces capture Wexford after negotiations collapse and Parliamentarian troops enter the town.
A London jury acquits Lilburne of high treason after a celebrated trial arising from his attacks on the Commonwealth government.
Set aside as a day of thanksgiving for the surrender of Drogheda
Orders the massacre of Wexford
Calls for the adoption of the Leveller programme. Calls for the trial of the King, the abolition of the Army
Introduces the Remonstrance of the Army to Parliament
Orders Charles I to be transferred to Hurst Castle
Cromwell attacked the "Banbury mutineers", 400 troopers who supported the Levellers and who were commanded by Captain William Thompson
Birth of Titus Oates
Lockyer supports the Bishopsgate mutiny, in which soldiers refuse orders to leave London while Leveller grievances over Ireland service and soldiers' rights remain unresolved
Appointed Chairman of the Council of State, 1st term
Appointed Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander of the Fleet
Appointed Commander of the Fleet
The Rump Parliament is responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England
"be true & faithful to the Commonwealth of England, without a King or House of Lords"
The Rump Parliament is responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England
Signs Charles Is death warrant
Commissioned by the Commons to produce a new Great Seal
Chaloner participated in legislation establishing the new republican settlement.
Vane served on the Council of State governing the Commonwealth.
Cromwell attacked the "Banbury mutineers", 400 troopers who supported the Levellers and who were commanded by Captain William Thompson
Appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
"be true & faithful to the Commonwealth of England, without a King or House of Lords"
Beaten to death with his wooden leg by Cromwell's forces
Unsuccessfully blockades Drogheda against Cromwell's forces
After the bloodshed of Drogheda Dundalk surrenders without resistance
Accepts the surrender of New Ross
After the bloodshed of Drogheda Trim surrenders without resistance
Recalled after his Ulster policy becomes unacceptable to Parliament.
A committee including Cromwell revises the lists of JPs throughout England & Wales. The name of the King's Bench is changed to the Upper Bench
The Rump Parliament is responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England
Publication of "The Tenure of King's & Magistrates"
Presides over the Trial of Charles I & pronounces the death sentence
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