1 January 1794Anniversary of Louis XVI ExecutionJacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
Billaud-Varenne supported official commemoration of the execution of Louis XVI as a republican political anniversary.
Historical records for France in 1794, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
Billaud-Varenne supported official commemoration of the execution of Louis XVI as a republican political anniversary.
Danton supported the Convention's abolition of slavery in the French colonies.
Robespierre linked republican government with civic virtue in a major report on political morality.
Appointed General of the Brigade, confirmed
Napoleon I was confirmed as general of brigade.
Appointed General of the Brigade, confirmed
Saint-Just chaired the Convention for a term beginning in February while remaining active in emergency government.
The district Arts Commission secured the embroidery as national property and ensured its preservation.
Jacques Rene Hebert was executed in Paris with leading Hebertists.
Hebert was executed with leading members of the Hebertist faction.
Hebert and leading Hebertists are executed after being accused of conspiracy against the revolutionary government
Hebert and leading Hebertists are executed after being accused of conspiracy against the revolutionary government.
The Paris commune is reorganized, Hebertists are replaced by supporters of Robespierre
The Paris commune is reorganized, Hebertists are replaced by supporters of Robespierre.
Danton and his allies are arrested after criticism of the Terror and the Committee of Public Safety
Danton and his allies are arrested after criticism of the Terror and the Committee of Public Safety.
Arrested for conspiring with foreign monarchs & links to the India company scandal
Georges Jacques Danton was arrested for conspiring with foreign monarchs and links to the India company scandal.
Desmoulins is imprisoned with the Dantonists after calling for clemency and attacking revolutionary excess
Desmoulins is imprisoned with the Dantonists after calling for clemency and attacking revolutionary excess.
Arrested for conspiring with foreign monarchs & links to the India company scandal
The Committee of Public Safety and the Committee of General Security ensure that Desmoulins and Danton are arrested
The Committee of Public Safety and the Committee of General Security ensure that Desmoulins and Danton are arrested.
The Committee of Public Safety and the Committee of General Security ensure that Desmoulins and Danton are arrested
Conflict grows between the Jacobin leadership and Hebertist militants over dechristianisation and popular pressure
Conflict grows between the Jacobin leadership and Hebertist militants over dechristianisation and popular pressure.
Appointed Commander of the Artillery in the Army of Italy
Napoleon I was appointed Commander of the Artillery in the Army of Italy.
Joins the Army of Italy under Dumerbion
Danton is executed
Danton is executed.
Death of George's Jacques Danton
Georges Jacques Danton was executed.
Danton and several allies are executed leaving Robespierre and the committees more isolated
Danton and several allies are executed leaving Robespierre and the committees more isolated.
Napoleon contributed operational plans used by the Army of Italy during the campaign toward Saorgio and the Alpine passes.
Robespierre presented the report that led the Convention to recognize the Supreme Being and the immortality of the soul.
Death of Elizabeth of France, executed
Elizabeth of France, sister of Louis XVI, is executed
Robespierre survived an assassination attempt.
Cecile Renault failed in an attempt to assassinate Robespierre.
Robespierre survived an assassination attempt by Cecile Renault.
Fails in an attempt to assassinate Robespierre
The Army of the North defeats an Allied Army at Turcoing
The Army of the North defeats an Allied Army at Turcoing.
The Army of the North defeats an Allied Army at Turcoing
Wounded during the siege of St Elme
Robespierre became president of the National Convention shortly before the Festival of the Supreme Being.
The envoy of the French convention abolishes slavery & recaptures Guadeloupe
Appointed High Priest for a festival of the supreme being
Maximilien Francois Marie Robespierre was appointed High Priest for a festival of the supreme being.
Robespierre promotes the Festival of the Supreme Being as part of his vision of civic virtue
Robespierre promotes the Festival of the Supreme Being as part of his vision of civic virtue.
Presides over the deistic worship of the supreme being held on the Champ de Mars
Presides over the deistic worship of the supreme being held on the Champ de Mars.
Appointed High Priest for a festival of the supreme being
The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security
The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security.
The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security
The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security
The Law of 22 Prairial accelerates Revolutionary Tribunal procedures and increases fear of political purge
The Law of 22 Prairial accelerates Revolutionary Tribunal procedures and increases fear of political purge.
In revolutionary tribunals juries have to decide between acquital or death. In revolutionary tribunals Defence lawyers are banned. Allows juries to convict without hearing evidence. A law is passed establishing the Great Terror
In revolutionary tribunals juries have to decide between acquital or death. In revolutionary tribunals Defence lawyers are banned. Allows juries to convict without hearing evidence. A law is passed establishing the Great Terror.
The Law of 22 Prairial, proposed by the Committee of Public Safety and enacted on June 10, 1794, went further in establishing the iron control of the Revolutionary Tribunal and, above it, the Committee's of Public Safety and General Security
In revolutionary tribunals juries have to decide between acquital or death. In revolutionary tribunals Defence lawyers are banned
In revolutionary tribunals juries have to decide between acquital or death. In revolutionary tribunals Defence lawyers are banned.
seizes Chatleroi & defeats the Austrians led by Frederick of Saxe-Coburg at Fleurus
Fights at the Battle of Fleurus
Fights at the Battle of Fleurus
The French defeat the Allied English & Austrian army of Count Charles Von Clerfayt
Napoleon was sent on a mission to Genoa connected with French military and diplomatic planning in northern Italy.
Present at the siege of Genoa
Alexandre de Beauharnais was executed in Paris during the Terror.
Beauharnais was guillotined in Paris after his arrest and prosecution during the Terror.
Robespierre addresses the National Convention and warns of unnamed conspirators within the government
Robespierre addresses the National Convention and warns of unnamed conspirators within the government.
Robespierre refuses to name the deputies he accuses and increases fear among members of the Convention
Robespierre refuses to name the deputies he accuses and increases fear among members of the Convention.
Saint-Just prepares to defend the Committee of Public Safety as opposition to Robespierre grows
Saint-Just prepares to defend the Committee of Public Safety as opposition to Robespierre grows.
Saint-Just prepares to defend Robespierre and the authority of the Committee of Public Safety
Saint-Just prepares to defend Robespierre and the authority of the Committee of Public Safety.
Couthon is taken into custody as one of the central Robespierrist leaders
Couthon is taken into custody as one of the central Robespierrist leaders.
Saint-Just is arrested with Robespierre and Couthon after the Convention turns against them
Saint-Just is arrested with Robespierre and Couthon after the Convention turns against them.
The Convention orders Robespierre arrested after deputies shout down his attempts to speak
The Convention orders Robespierre arrested after deputies shout down his attempts to speak.
The convention orders the arrest of Robespirre
The convention orders the arrest of Robespirre.
Appointed Committee of Public Safety
Fleuriot-Lescot shelters the Robespierrists at the Hotel de Ville
Fleuriot-Lescot shelters the Robespierrists at the Hotel de Ville.
Hanriot fails to hold together the armed force needed to rescue the Robespierrists
Hanriot fails to hold together the armed force needed to rescue the Robespierrists.
Payan calls for resistance but the Paris sections give uncertain support
Payan calls for resistance but the Paris sections give uncertain support.
Robespierre is brought to the Hotel de Ville as the Commune tries to create an armed uprising
Robespierre is brought to the Hotel de Ville as the Commune tries to create an armed uprising.
Paul Francois Barras was prominent in the overthrow of Robespierre.
Prominent in the overthrow of Robespierre
Overthrown by the revolution of 9th Thermidor
Robespierre was overthrown during the revolution of 9 Thermidor.
The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794)
The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794).
The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794)
Appointed Committee of Public Safety
The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794)
Robespierre is denounced in the Convention on 9 Thermidor and the Jacobin political system begins to collapse
Robespierre is denounced in the Convention on 9 Thermidor and the Jacobin political system begins to collapse.
Amar aligns with opponents of Robespierre as the Convention turns against the Jacobin leadership
Amar aligns with opponents of Robespierre as the Convention turns against the Jacobin leadership.
Barere accepts the turn against Robespierre and supports emergency measures by the Convention
Barere accepts the turn against Robespierre and supports emergency measures by the Convention.
Barras is given command of Convention forces against the Paris Commune
Barras is given command of Convention forces against the Paris Commune.
Billaud-Varenne denounces Robespierre and joins the deputies demanding his arrest
Billaud-Varenne denounces Robespierre and joins the deputies demanding his arrest.
Carnot stands with members of the government who reject Robespierres domination
Carnot stands with members of the government who reject Robespierres domination.
Collot dHerbois presides during the stormy Convention session against Robespierre
Collot dHerbois presides during the stormy Convention session against Robespierre.
Couthon is arrested with Robespierre and other leading Robespierrists
Couthon is arrested with Robespierre and other leading Robespierrists.
Dumas supports the Commune resistance and is later seized with the Robespierrists
Dumas supports the Commune resistance and is later seized with the Robespierrists.
Fleuriot-Lescot uses the Paris Commune to support Robespierre after the arrest order
Fleuriot-Lescot uses the Paris Commune to support Robespierre after the arrest order.
Freron supports the Convention attack on the Robespierrists
Freron supports the Convention attack on the Robespierrists.
Hanriot attempts to mobilise armed support for Robespierre in Paris
Hanriot attempts to mobilise armed support for Robespierre in Paris.
Le Bas remains loyal to Robespierre during the crisis and is arrested with the faction
Le Bas remains loyal to Robespierre during the crisis and is arrested with the faction.
Legendre helps prevent Robespierre from rallying support in the Convention
Legendre helps prevent Robespierre from rallying support in the Convention.
Payan encourages the Commune to rally the sections in defence of Robespierre
Payan encourages the Commune to rally the sections in defence of Robespierre.
Augustin Robespierre demands to share the fate of his brother and is arrested
Augustin Robespierre demands to share the fate of his brother and is arrested.
Saint-Just is interrupted before he can deliver his defence of Robespierre
Saint-Just is interrupted before he can deliver his defence of Robespierre.
Tallien attacks Robespierre before the National Convention and helps start the revolt of 9 Thermidor
Tallien attacks Robespierre before the National Convention and helps start the revolt of 9 Thermidor.
Vadier supports the attack on the Robespierrist faction during the Convention crisis
Vadier supports the attack on the Robespierrist faction during the Convention crisis.
Hanriot is captured after the collapse of Commune resistance
Hanriot is captured after the collapse of Commune resistance.
Augustin Robespierre is injured after trying to escape from the Hotel de Ville
Augustin Robespierre is injured after trying to escape from the Hotel de Ville.
Convention troops capture Robespierre after the Commune defence collapses
Convention troops capture Robespierre after the Commune defence collapses.
Barras leads Convention forces against the Commune stronghold during the night of 9 to 10 Thermidor
Barras leads Convention forces against the Commune stronghold during the night of 9 to 10 Thermidor.
Taken from the hotel de ville & guillotined with 21 of his supporters
Taken from the hotel de ville and guillotined with 21 of his supporters.
Le Bas kills himself as Convention troops close in on the Robespierrists
Le Bas kills himself as Convention troops close in on the Robespierrists.
Removed from the Revolutionary Tribunal
Robespierre was removed from the Revolutionary Tribunal.
Couthon is executed as one of the principal Robespierrist leaders
Couthon is executed as one of the principal Robespierrist leaders.
Dumas is executed after the fall of the Robespierrists
Dumas is executed after the fall of the Robespierrists.
Fleuriot-Lescot is executed for his role in the Paris Commune resistance
Fleuriot-Lescot is executed for his role in the Paris Commune resistance.
Hanriot is executed for supporting the Commune revolt against the Convention
Hanriot is executed for supporting the Commune revolt against the Convention.
Robespierre is executed and the Jacobin Club loses its dominant position in revolutionary politics
Robespierre is executed and the Jacobin Club loses its dominant position in revolutionary politics.
Robespierre is executed by guillotine on 10 Thermidor after being declared an outlaw
Robespierre is executed by guillotine on 10 Thermidor after being declared an outlaw.
Taken from the Hotel de Ville & guillotined with 21 of his supporters
Saint-Just is executed with Robespierre and other allies after the Thermidorian revolt
Saint-Just is executed with Robespierre and other allies after the Thermidorian revolt.
Saint-Just is executed with Robespierre and other leading supporters
Saint-Just is executed with Robespierre and other leading supporters.
Removed from the Revolutionary Tribunal
Barras gains influence after commanding the troops that defeated the Commune
Barras gains influence after commanding the troops that defeated the Commune.
Tallien becomes one of the visible leaders of the victorious Thermidorian deputies
Tallien becomes one of the visible leaders of the victorious Thermidorian deputies.
The Allied Army is forced to retreat northwards
The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic
The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic
The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic.
The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic
Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself
Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself.
The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic
Jacobin rule increasingly depended on the Committee of Public Safety until Robespierre’s overthrow weakened the movement.
The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic. Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself
The Reign of Terror reached its political peak under the emergency committees before Robespierre’s fall on 9 Thermidor.
The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic. Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself
Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself
Arrested on suspicion of being a Robespierrist
Napoleon I was arrested on suspicion of being a Robespierrist.
Released in order to reinforce the army of Italy's General staff
Released in order to reinforce the army of Italy's General staff.
The Convention redistributes executive power among committees to prevent another concentration of authority
The Convention redistributes executive power among committees to prevent another concentration of authority.
Involved in the Battle of St Laurent de la Mouga
Applies sustained pressure to the fortress before its November surrender.
Directs operations against Maastricht during the revolutionary campaign in the Low Countries.
A drawn Battle with the Allies
Captures Koblenz
Distinguishes himself in battle when the French cross the Rhine
Receives Maastricht's surrender during the French revolutionary advance.
Brings the city under French control after the siege.
The National Convention orders the Jacobin Club in Paris closed during the Thermidorian reaction
The National Convention orders the Jacobin Club in Paris closed during the Thermidorian reaction.
The Jacobin Club is closed as the Thermidorian Reaction weakens radical political organisation
The Jacobin Club is closed as the Thermidorian Reaction weakens radical political organisation.
The Law of the Maximum is repealed during the Thermidorian retreat from economic controls
The Law of the Maximum is repealed during the Thermidorian retreat from economic controls.
Carrier is tried and executed as the Convention turns against extreme agents of the Terror
Carrier is tried and executed as the Convention turns against extreme agents of the Terror.
Lavoisier is sent to the guillotine
Lavoisier is sent to the guillotine
Appointed Adjutant General Chef de Brigade
Freron encourages young anti Jacobin militants during the reaction against the Terror
Freron encourages young anti Jacobin militants during the reaction against the Terror.
Tallien supports the campaign against surviving Robespierrists and radical Jacobins
Tallien supports the campaign against surviving Robespierrists and radical Jacobins.
His engineering ability brings increasing responsibility on the canal project.
Appointed Commander in Chief
Paul Francois Barras was appointed commander in chief.
Appointed Commander in Chief
Calls for a new popular insurrection to secure the suspended constitution of 1793
Death of Alexandre Beauharnais, guillotined for his failure to relieve Metz
Guillotined for his failure to relieve Metz
Forced to leave Britain by Pitts expulsion order, then arrives at the United States until his return to France in 1796
Forced to leave Britain by Pitts expulsion order, then arrives at the United States until his return to France in 1796.
French revolutionary armies advance through Flanders near Ypres.
French revolutionary forces occupy Bruges during the Flanders campaign.
Appointed General
Appointed General after the Battle of Fleurus
Surveys a proposed canal linking the Hudson River and Lake Champlain.
Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself.
The ultimate political vehicle for the Jacobin movement was the Reign of Terror overseen by the Committee of Public Safety, who were given executive powers to purify and unify the Republic.
Thermidor is an alliance between those who felt Robespierre had gone too far and those who felt he had not gone far enough they were unable to maintain their control of the Convention
Thermidor is an alliance between those who felt Robespierre had gone too far and those who felt he had not gone far enough they were unable to maintain their control of the Convention.
eased out of power & the Jacobins dissolve
eased out of power and the Jacobins dissolve.
Alexandre de Beauharnais was appointed secretary of the National Assembly.
Appointed Secretary of the National Assembly
Appointed Secretary of the National Assembly
Publication of "Tribune of the People". Advocates "practical socialism"
Appointed Secretary of the National Assembly
Appointed Secretary of the National Assembly
Robespierre tries to found the Republic of Virtue, until the Jacobins last purge, 9 Thermidor, in July 1794, executed Robespierre himself. Thermidor is an alliance between those who felt Robespierre had gone too far and those who felt he had not gone far enough, they were unable to maintain their control of the Convention, eased out of power & the Jacobins dissolve
Robespierre’s overthrow on 9 Thermidor united opponents of different factions and began a rapid decline in Jacobin power.
Fouche survives the fall of Robespierre and aligns with the Thermidorian order
Fouche survives the fall of Robespierre and aligns with the Thermidorian order.
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