16 January 1870MobilizationOtto Eduard Leopold Furst von Bismarck-Schonhausen
Bavaria & Baden mobilize under the terms of the 1866 military treaties
Historical records for Germany in 1870, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
Bavaria & Baden mobilize under the terms of the 1866 military treaties
Writes on British government policy toward imprisoned Irish Fenians.
Issues a memo saying a Hohenzollern is Spain would tie down 2 French Divs
William & the Crown Prince oppose Charles Anthonys Spanish succession. Urges Charles Anthony to accept the Spanish crown
Publishes alliances with south German states, German Armies are under Prussian control
Publishes alliances with south German states, German Armies are under Prussian control
Writes a confidential communication analysing Bakunin's political activity and disputes inside the International.
Persuades Leopold to accept the Spanish offer of the throne. Leopolds acceptance of the offer of the Spanish throne is telegramed to Madrid
The offer to Leopold becomes public when the French press expose it to the world
Meets Gorchakov & secures an understanding with Russia
Following the protests by France, Leopold had withdrawn his acceptance in July 1870. This was already considered a diplomatic defeat for Prussia.
In early 1870, the German Prince Leopold, of the Roman Catholic cadet branch Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, had been offered the vacant Spanish throne.
The French were not yet satisfied with this and demanded further commitments, especially a guarantee by the Prussian king that no member of any branch of his Hohenzollern family would ever be a candidate for the Spanish throne
The Government of French Emperor Napoleon III voiced concern over a possible Spanish alliance with the Protestant House of Hohenzollern that ruled the Kingdom of Prussia, protested against it, and hinted about a war.
William compels Charles Anthony to renounce the Spanish throne for his son Leopold. Charles Anthonys renunciation of the throne is "a humiliation worse than Olmutz"
Forces Charles Anthony to reject the Spanish throne on behalf of his son Leopold
Bismarck uses Abekens telegram to declare war
Ordered by William to telegram Bismarck of the telegram received from Gramont. Bismarck uses Abekens telegram to declare war
Bismarck uses Abekens telegram as provocation of war
Wilhelm I rejects further French demands over the Hohenzollern candidacy, and Bismarck's edited dispatch hardens opinion in both countries.
Bismarck uses Abekens telegram to declare war
Bismarck uses Abeken's telegram to declare war
Bismarck took it upon himself to edit the report, sharpening the language. He cut out Wilhelm's conciliatory phrases and emphasized the real issue. The French had made certain demands under threat of war; and Wilhelm had refused them.
Certainly the edit of the telegram, released on the evening of the same day (13 July) to the media and foreign embassies, gave the impression both that Benedetti was rather more demanding and that the King was exceedingly abrupt.
It was designed to give the French the impression that King Wilhelm I had insulted Count Benedetti; likewise, the Germans interpreted the modified dispatch as the Count insulting the King
The King's secretary Heinrich Abeken wrote an account, which was passed on to Otto von Bismarck in Berlin. Wilhelm described Benedetti as "very importunate." The King gave permission to Bismarck to release an account of the events.
This was no forgery; it was a clear statement of the facts.
Benedetti had been instructed by his superior, Foreign Minister Agenor, the Duc de Gramont, to present the French demand that the king should guarantee that he would never again permit the candidacy of a Hohenzollern prince to the Spanish throne.
King Wilhelm I of Prussia, on his morning stroll in the Kurpark in Ems, was stopped by Count Vincent Benedetti, the French ambassador to Prussia since 1864.
Politely, and in a friendly manner, the king refused to bind himself to any course of action into the indefinite future. After their exchange, "the two departed coolly."
The meeting was informal and took place on the promenade of the Kursaal with the king's entourage at a discreet distance.
Gramont wants "assurance that he will never authorize a renewal of the candidacy". Bismarck uses Abekens telegram to declare war
The Landwehr is mobilized
War is declared against France. Germany is supported by England & Russia who see Napoleon III emulating Napoleon I
Drafts the International's first address on the Franco-Prussian War.
The Germans lose 20,000 to the French 12,000. Loses to the French by sending his First Army to be massacred in a ravine. Decisive German victory which the French could have avoided
Mobilizes the First Army in the north
Loses to the French by sending his First Army to be massacred in a ravine
Mobilizes the Second Army in the centre
Mobilizes the German forces, uses the same plan against the Austrians in 1866
Mobilizes the First Army in the north
Mobilizes the Second Army in the centre
Sets out as a major-general with William to command the armies in the field
Sets out from Berlin to assume command of his armies in the field
The Government of French Emperor Napoleon III voiced concern over a possible Spanish alliance with the Protestant House of Hohenzollern that ruled the Kingdom of Prussia, protested against it, and hinted about a war.
The French were not yet satisfied with this and demanded further commitments, especially a guarantee by the Prussian king that no member of any branch of his Hohenzollern family would ever be a candidate for the Spanish throne
Following the protests by France, Leopold had withdrawn his acceptance in July 1870. This was already considered a diplomatic defeat for Prussia.
In early 1870, the German Prince Leopold, of the Roman Catholic cadet branch Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, had been offered the vacant Spanish throne.
The French were not yet satisfied with this and demanded further commitments, especially a guarantee by the Prussian king that no member of any branch of his Hohenzollern family would ever be a candidate for the Spanish throne
The Government of French Emperor Napoleon III voiced concern over a possible Spanish alliance with the Protestant House of Hohenzollern that ruled the Kingdom of Prussia, protested against it, and hinted about a war.
In early 1870, the German Prince Leopold, of the Roman Catholic cadet branch Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, had been offered the vacant Spanish throne.
Following the protests by France, Leopold had withdrawn his acceptance in July 1870. This was already considered a diplomatic defeat for Prussia.
Leads the Third Army in victory at Wissembourg.
At Worth the German 3rd Army loses 10,500 killed to the French 11,000 under MacMahon
At Worth the German 3rd Army loses 10,500 killed to the French 11,000 under MacMahon
At Worth the German 3rd Army loses 10,500 killed to the French 11,000 under MacMahon
Defeats MacMahon's forces in the early campaign.
Bazaine is forced back to Metz
Bazaine is forced back to Metz
Bazaine is forced back to Metz
Commands the siege at the hamlet of St Privatla Montaigne
Commands the Prussian forces which defeat the French under bazaine
Present in battle as a Major General, victory leads to the German fall of Paris
Participates in the victory that captures Napoleon III.
Commands the Third Army during the decisive campaign against France.
French defeat followed by the fall of Paris. Deputed by William to accept the surrender of the French. Commands a hill top over the Meuse valley looking into Sedan 2 miles away. Arrives with 150,000 , travelling 50 miles in 3 days through the Argonne Forest
Commands, with Moltke his right hand man, a victory which leads to the fall of Paris
Commands, with Moltke his right hand man, a victory which leads to the fall of Paris
Drafts the International's second address after the fall of Napoleon III and proclamation of the French Republic.
Begins to besiege Bazaine at Metz
Favre requests an honourable peace from Bismarck who demands Alsace, Metz & Strasburg
Favre requests an honourable peace from Bismarck who demands Alsace, Metz & Strasburg
Paris is surrounded, Moltke believes it can be starved out in 6 weeks
Moltke & the Crown Prince join forces at St-Germain-en-Laye
Moves the Royal HQ from Ferrieres to the Royal Palace until the following Jan
Forces Bazaine to surrender
Made Field Marshal after the capture of Metz
Baden & Hesse join the Confederation of Germany
Germany is united under a single Confederation
Defeats General Crouzat
Defeats General de Paladines Army of the Loire
Refuses the crown offered to him by the new Confeferation of a united Germany
Refuses the crown offered to him by the new Confeferation of a united Germany
Refuses the crown offered to him by the new Confeferation of a united Germany
The publication of the Emms telegram rallies southern German states
Supports Prussia
Foils Bazaines efforts to break out of Metz
Commands the Second Army to victory
Birth of Sophia, 6th child of Emperor Frederick & Victoria
Captures Le Mans
Captures Orleans
Abolishes the Catholic Dept of the Prussian Ministry of Public Worship & Education
Appointed Imperial Chancellor of the 1st Reich
Appointed Chief-of General Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff, right hand man of the Commander in Chief, the King
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Tenth Army Corps
Appointed Chief of Staff to the Tenth Army Corps
Appointed Commander of the Second Army
Appointed Commander of the Second Army
Appointed Commander of the Second Army
Appointed Commander of the Second Army
The Ems Dispatch, sometimes called the Ems Telegram, incited France to declare the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870.
The Ems Telegram was sent from the Prussian Kaiser, Wilhelm I, to his Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck which, when published (and as anticipated by Bismarck) precipitated the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71.
The actual dispatch was an internal message from the Prussian King's holiday to Otto von Bismarck in Berlin, reporting demands made by the French ambassador; it was Bismarck's released statement to the press that became known as the Ems Dispatch.
The name referred to Bad Ems, a resort spa east of Koblenz on the Lahn river
The telegram's contents outlined the details of a disagreement between Wilhelm and the French ambassador concerning the succession to the Spanish throne. Bismarck subtly doctored the telegram to give the impression that each side had insulted the other.
Composes, "Die Walkure"
The Centre Party win 57 seats, their new popularity shocks Bismarck into action
The Catholic based Centre Party wins 57 seats. The Catholic based Centre Party wins 53 seats
The Ems Dispatch, sometimes called the Ems Telegram, incited France to declare the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870.
The Ems Telegram was sent from the Prussian Kaiser, Wilhelm I, to his Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck which, when published (and as anticipated by Bismarck) precipitated the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71.
The actual dispatch was an internal message from the Prussian King's holiday to Otto von Bismarck in Berlin, reporting demands made by the French ambassador; it was Bismarck's released statement to the press that became known as the Ems Dispatch.
The name referred to Bad Ems, a resort spa east of Koblenz on the Lahn river
The telegram's contents outlined the details of a disagreement between Wilhelm and the French ambassador concerning the succession to the Spanish throne. Bismarck subtly doctored the telegram to give the impression that each side had insulted the other.
Bismarck's released statement of the telegram to the press becomes known as the Ems Dispatch
The Ems Dispatch, sometimes called the Ems Telegram, incites France to declare the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870
The name refers to Bad Ems, a resort spa east of Koblenz on the Lahn river
Bismarck's released statement of the telegram to the press becomes known as the Ems Dispatch
Originally a message from the Prussian King to Otto von Bismarck in Berlin, reporting demands made by the French Ambassador
The Ems Dispatch, sometimes called the Ems Telegram, incites France to declare the Franco-Prussian War in July 1870
The Ems Telegram is sent from the Prussian Kaiser, Wilhelm I, to his Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck
The telegram's contents outline details of a disagreement between Wilhelm and the French ambassador concerning the succession to the Spanish throne. Bismarck doctors the telegram to give the impression that each side had insulted the other
When the Ems Telegram is published (as anticipated by Bismarck) it precipitates the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71
Appointed Field Marshal after the victory at Metz
Appointed Field Marshal after the victory at Metz
The North German Confederation becomes a member of the Zollverein, the German customs union of 1834
The North German Confederation establishes a common penal code
Draws up legislation for the inspection of Prussian schools
Composes, "Rhapsody"
Commands the Second Army to victory
Sets up a schools inspectorate in Prussia
Participates in the siege of Paris
Leopold is offered the Spanish throne for a 2nd time, Bismarck recommends acceptence
Replies to Gramonts telegram saying Prussia knew nothing of Leopolds acceptence
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Tenth Army Corps
Appointed Chief of Staff to the Tenth Army Corps
Leads the southern German contingents integrated into the Third Army.
Commands the Third Army during the Franco-Prussian War.
Prussian victory establishes German unity
Wilhelm has Abeken telegram Gramonts terms to Bismarck who prints it
The North German Confederation becomes a member of the Zollverein, the German customs union of 1834
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