8 January 1914InspectorOtto Liman von Sanders
German General appointed as Inspector General of the Turkish Army
Historical records for Germany in 1914, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.
German General appointed as Inspector General of the Turkish Army
Appointed Member of 49th Field Artillery Regiment
Opens the widened Kiel Canal
Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Bethmann Hollweg and Foreign Secretary Gottlieb von Jagow are instrumental in urging the Austrians to take a tough stand against Serbia
Informs the Austria Germany will support Austria against Serbia, the "blank cheque". Assures Francis-Joseph Germany will not desert Austria during its conflict with Serbia
Informs the Austria Germany will support Austria against Serbia, the "blank cheque". Assures Francis-Joseph Germany will not desert Austria during its conflict with Serbia
The Kaiser receives at Potsdam special envoy from Austrian Emperor and promises "the full support of Germany" in the event of Austrian action against Serbia. He consults his military and naval advisers before leaving for a cruise in northern waters
Encourages Austro-Hungarian aggression against Serbia with unconditional support
The German Government submit a note to Entente Governments approving Austrian ultimatum to Serbia
The German Government submit a note to Entente Governments approving Austrian ultimatum to Serbia
Asks the Tsar to spare Europe, "the most horrible war she has ever witnessed"
Proposes a neutrality agreement to Britain guaranteeing France's territory. Advises Vienna to mediate
Proposes a neutrality agreement to Britain guaranteeing France's territory
Learns of Russias mobilization. Declares a "state of imminent war"
Proposes Germany call off her mobilization but is turned down by the General Staff
Photographed in a crowd clamouring for war
Telegrams Count Berchtold asking the Auastrians not to mobilize against Russia
Telegrams the Austrian Chief of Staff to mobilize at once against the Russians
Appointed Commander of the Baltic Sea naval forces
Appointed Commander of the Baltic Sea naval forces
Appointed Commander of the Baltic Sea naval forces
Sent to London by the German Chancellor to sound out the British reaction to war. Reports that if France is attacked Britain will intervene
Germany declares war on Russia
Declares war on his cousin Tsar Nicholas II of Russia
Germany declares war on Russia. Demands that France abandon the Francon alliance
Germany demands free passage through Belgium
Germany demands free passage through Belgium
Belgium is asked to accept German protection from a non-existent French attack
Germany calls for a free passage across Belgium but this is refused the following day. Belgium rejects Germany's demand for troop access
German troops cross the Belgian frontier at Vise in the province of Liege
Germany declares war on France
Declares war on France on behalf of the German Government. Declared because France had dropped bombs on Belgium & Germany as far as Nurnberg
Germany calls for a free passage across Belgium but this is refused the following day. Belgium rejects Germany's demand for troop access
German troops cross the Belgian frontier at Vise in the province of Liege
Germany declares war on France
Makes an address in the Reichstag about the Russian "firebrand"
Petitions Louis III of Bavaria to for service in a Bavarian regiment in World War I
Bethmann Hollweg protests Britain's decision to uphold Belgian neutrality and dismisses the 1839 guarantee as a 'scrap of paper' during the crisis over Germany's invasion.
Germany declares war on Belgium
Germany suspends the Reichsbank's obligation to redeem banknotes in gold.
Liege blocked the narrow gap between the Limburg appendix and the Ardennes, considered the best route into Belgium.
The Battle of Liege signifies the first land Battle of the war, as the German Second Army crosses the frontier into neutral Belgium (since 1839) to attack France from the north, the Schlieffen Plan had started.
Von Bulow's Second Army, comprising 320,000 men, initially aimed to seize Liege, the gateway to Belgium.
The Battle of Liege signifies the first land Battle of the war, as the German Second Army crosses the frontier into neutral Belgium (since 1839) to attack France from the north, the Schlieffen Plan had started
The Battle of Liege signifies the first land Battle of the war, as the German Second Army crosses the frontier into neutral Belgium (since 1839) to attack France from the north, the Schlieffen Plan had started
Liege blocked the narrow gap between the Limburg appendix and the Ardennes, considered the best route into Belgium.
The Battle of Liege signifies the first land Battle of the war, as the German Second Army crosses the frontier into neutral Belgium (since 1839) to attack France from the north, the Schlieffen Plan had started.
Von Bulow's Second Army, comprising 320,000 men, initially aimed to seize Liege, the gateway to Belgium.
The Battle of Liege signifies the first land Battle of the war, as the German Second Army crosses the frontier into neutral Belgium (since 1839) to attack France from the north, the Schlieffen Plan had started
Ludendorf commands the 14th Infantry Brigade in Liege & accepts its surrender. Ludendorf calls up the zeppelins to drop bombs into the city and citadel, and personally leads 14th Brigade in between the forts into the city, forcing the Belgian garrison there to surrender
Ludendorf commands the 14th Infantry Brigade in Liege & accepts its surrender. Ludendorf calls up the zeppelins to drop bombs into the city and citadel, and personally leads 14th Brigade in between the forts into the city, forcing the Belgian garrison there to surrender
Ludendorf calls up the zeppelins to drop bombs into the city and citadel, and personally leads 14th Brigade in between the forts into the city, forcing the Belgian garrison there to surrender
Successfully repels the French invasion of Alsace, Heeringen is awarded the Pour le Merite for outstanding leadership and distinguished military planning
Successfully repels the French invasion of Alsace, Heeringen is awarded the Pour le Merite for outstanding leadership and distinguished military planning
Successfully repels the French invasion of Alsace, Heeringen is awarded the Pour le Merite for outstanding leadership and distinguished military planning
The war on the Western Front, head of a group of cavalry divisions, does not lend itself well to cavalry as a form of offensive warfare, as he discovers at the Battle of Haelen in Belgium (the first cavalry engagement of the War). Advance squadrons of Georg von der Marwitzs cavalry corps prove unable to defeat a single Belgian cavalry division under de Witte guarding the Haelen bridge
Serbia declares war on Germany. Montenegro declares war on Germany
The war on the Western Front, head of a group of cavalry divisions, does not lend itself well to cavalry as a form of offensive warfare, as he discovers at the Battle of Haelen in Belgium (the first cavalry engagement of the War)
The last of the forts surrounding Liege surrenders to Ludendorfs forces. The forts around Liege are finally taken
The forts around Liege are finally taken
The forts around Liege are finally taken
The German Second Army, together with First and 3rd Armies, began to implement the next stage of the Schlieffen Plan, embarking upon a wide sweeping wheel movement through Belgium, forcing the Belgian army back to Antwerp
The German Second Army, together with First and 3rd Armies, began to implement the next stage of the Schlieffen Plan, embarking upon a wide sweeping wheel movement through Belgium, forcing the Belgian army back to Antwerp
Launches, on his own initiative and against orders, an attack against the Russian First Army at the Battle of Stalluponen
Launches, on his own initiative and against orders, an attack against the Russian First Army at the Battle of Stalluponen
The German Second Army, together with First and 3rd Armies, began to implement the next stage of the Schlieffen Plan, embarking upon a wide sweeping wheel movement through Belgium, forcing the Belgian army back to Antwerp
The German Second Army, together with First and 3rd Armies, began to implement the next stage of the Schlieffen Plan, embarking upon a wide sweeping wheel movement through Belgium, forcing the Belgian army back to Antwerp
The German Second Army, together with First and 3rd Armies, began to implement the next stage of the Schlieffen Plan, embarking upon a wide sweeping wheel movement through Belgium, forcing the Belgian army back to Antwerp
Prittwitz decides to engage Rennenkampf at the earliest possibility, pitting 150,000 Germans against 200,000 Russians, the decision went against the orders of Moltke, the German Chief of Staff, which ruled out any offensive before the fall of France
Maximilian von Prittwitz's orders were very clear, his German Eighth Army was to remain in its positions in East Prussia, without attempting any offensive action, as all German efforts were to be concentrated on the Western Front against France.
Prittwitz decides to engage Rennenkampf at the earliest possibility, pitting 150,000 Germans against 200,000 Russians, the decision went against the orders of Moltke, the German Chief of Staff, which ruled out any offensive before the fall of France.
Maximilian von Prittwitzs orders were very clear, his German Eighth Army was to remain in its positions in East Prussia, without attempting any offensive action, as all German efforts were to be concentrated on the Western Front against France
Maximilian von Prittwitzs orders were very clear, his German Eighth Army was to remain in its positions in East Prussia, without attempting any offensive action, as all German efforts were to be concentrated on the Western Front against France
Brussels is captured without resistance by General von Kluck of the First Army
The Eighth Army comprises four corps: I Corps (Hermann von Francois), XVII Corps (August von Mackensen), I Reserve Corps (Otto von Below), and XX Corps, plus one cavalry division, facing the Russian First Army (Paul von Rennenkampf)
The Eighth Army comprises four corps: I Corps (Hermann von Francois), XVII Corps (August von Mackensen), I Reserve Corps (Otto von Below), and XX Corps, plus one cavalry division, facing the Russian First Army (Paul von Rennenkampf). Francois persuades Prittwitz to launch an offensive against the Russian First Army while the Second Army was still far to the south
At the mercy of the German artillery the Russians are were forced to retreat 8 km in the early afternoon but the lines are stabilized when the Russian 29th Division arrived, and the battle turned into a stalemate
The Battle of Gumbinnen, initiated by forces of the German Empire is the first major German offensive on the Eastern Front during the First World War. Commands Commander-XVIII Corps.
The Eighth Army comprises four corps: I Corps (Hermann von Francois), XVII Corps (August von Mackensen), I Reserve Corps (Otto von Below), and XX Corps, plus one cavalry division, facing the Russian First Army (Paul von Rennenkampf).
At first the German advance went well, but faltered once they came under Russian artillery fire, and the Russians were able to turn their flanks and force them to retreat to the Insterburg-Angerburg lines, leaving 6,000 prisoners in Russian hands
At the mercy of the German artillery the Russians are were forced to retreat 8 km in the early afternoon but the lines are stabilized when the Russian 29th Division arrived, and the battle turned into a stalemate.
The Chief of Staff reacted by removing Prittwitz and his deputy Waldersee, replacing them with Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff. Prittwitz's panic partially affected Moltke, who now feared that Berlin itself could now be threatened by the advancing Russians.
Jodl serves with his artillery unit during the fighting around Sarrebourg.
By the time he withdrew to Gumbinnen after this battle, his corps had inflicted 5,000 casualties and managed to capture about 3,000 Russian prisoners
Germany captures Brussels
Brussels is captured without resistance by General von Kluck of the First Army
The Battle of Gumbinnen, initiated by forces of the German Empire is the first major German offensive on the Eastern Front during the First World War
The Eighth Army comprises four corps: I Corps (Hermann von Francois), XVII Corps (August von Mackensen), I Reserve Corps (Otto von Below), and XX Corps, plus one cavalry division, facing the Russian First Army (Paul von Rennenkampf)
The Eighth Army comprises four corps: I Corps (Hermann von Francois), XVII Corps (August von Mackensen), I Reserve Corps (Otto von Below), and XX Corps, plus one cavalry division, facing the Russian First Army (Paul von Rennenkampf)
The Eighth Army comprises four corps: I Corps (Hermann von Francois), XVII Corps (August von Mackensen), I Reserve Corps (Otto von Below), and XX Corps, plus one cavalry division, facing the Russian First Army (Paul von Rennenkampf)
The Eighth Army comprises four corps: I Corps (Hermann von Francois), XVII Corps (August von Mackensen), I Reserve Corps (Otto von Below), and XX Corps, plus one cavalry division, facing the Russian First Army (Paul von Rennenkampf)
The Eighth Army comprises four corps: I Corps (Hermann von Francois), XVII Corps (August von Mackensen), I Reserve Corps (Otto von Below), and XX Corps, plus one cavalry division, facing the Russian First Army (Paul von Rennenkampf). Francois persuades Prittwitz to launch an offensive against the Russian First Army while the Second Army was still far to the south
The Eighth Army comprises four corps: I Corps (Hermann von Francois), XVII Corps (August von Mackensen), I Reserve Corps (Otto von Below), and XX Corps, plus one cavalry division, facing the Russian First Army (Paul von Rennenkampf)
Brussels is captured without resistance by General von Kluck of the First Army
Launches an attack on the French right
Francois persuades Prittwitz to launch an offensive against the Russian First Army while the Second Army was still far to the south
Brussels is captured without resistance by General von Kluck of the First Army
General Pierre Ruffeys 3rd Army and, further north, General Fernand de Langle de Carys 4th Army, fought the German 4th and 5th Armies: the former led by Duke Albrecht, the latter by Crown Prince Wilhelm
General Pierre Ruffeys 3rd Army and, further north, General Fernand de Langle de Carys 4th Army, fought the German 4th and 5th Armies: the former led by Duke Albrecht, the latter by Crown Prince Wilhelm
General Pierre Ruffeys 3rd Army and, further north, General Fernand de Langle de Carys 4th Army, fought the German 4th and 5th Armies: the former led by Duke Albrecht, the latter by Crown Prince Wilhelm
Takes part in the battle for Bleid
The German First Army suffer heavy losses but force the British to retreat. Orders 150,000 soldiers to attack British positions
Japan declares war on Germany
The German First Army suffer heavy losses but force the British to retreat
Germany enters France near Lille
Jodl is wounded in the thigh during fighting on the Western Front.
Later gives him Hindenburg & Ludendorf a legendary status during the Weimar Republic. Decisive victory against Russia in east Prussia
Gathers a force 100,000 against the threat posed by Samsonov & Rennekamps armies
Only 60,000 Russian troops escape. Hindenburg takes 90,000 prisoners & several hundred guns
Hindenburg defeats Samsonov & turns on Rennenkampf who retreats to the Niemen River
Leads the XVIII Corps
Germany captures Amiens
Appointed Commander of the German Navy along the Belgian coast
Appointed Commander of the German Navy along the Belgian coast
Hindenburg drives Samsonovs army back to Hohenstein
Appointed Commander of the Far East Squadron, patrols the Pacific
Appointed Commander of the Far East Squadron, patrols the Pacific
Appointed First General Staff Officer to the Eighth Army in East Prussia
Made Commander of the German Eighth Army, and was tasked with defending East Prussia from an expected Russian attack
Made Commander of the German Eighth Army, and was tasked with defending East Prussia from an expected Russian attack
Defeat at the scrappy Battle of Gumbinnen led a panicked Prittwitz to order the withdrawal of Eighth Army to the River Vistula, fearing encirclement by the Russian First and Second Armies
Appointed First General Staff Officer to the Eighth Army in East Prussia
Appointed First General Staff Officer to the Eighth Army in East Prussia
Dispatched to East Prussia to defend against a likely Russian invasion as documented in Russias war strategy, Plan 19
The order to withdraw effectively abandoned East Prussia to the Russians; before the order was executed he was recalled to Berlin by Helmuth von Moltke, the German Army Chief of Staff. Defeat at the scrappy Battle of Gumbinnen led a panicked Prittwitz to order the withdrawal of Eighth Army to the River Vistula, fearing encirclement by the Russian First and Second Armies
Placed in charge of overseas propaganda
Kluck reaches Crepy-en-Valois, 30 miles from Paris
Kluck crosses the Oise
Kluck reaches Villers-Cotterets, 30 miles from Paris
Kluck crosses the Marne
Advances the First Army to within 50 km east of Paris
Advances the First Army to within 50 km east of Paris
Begins when the French 6th Army & German IV Reserve Corps clash in the Meaux hills
Follows orders to withdraw his troops & join up with the Second Army
Begins when the French 6th Army & German IV Reserve Corps clash in the Meaux hills
The French 6th Army attacks German First Armys flank. A decisive German breakthrough results in a general retreat
The French 6th Army attacks German First Armys flank
Calls off Prince Ruprechts siege of Nancy
The French 5th & the BEF move between Bulow & von Kluck forcing Bulows retreat. Kluck & Bulow retreat when the British begin to cross the Marne. Forced back by Joffre, leads to the collapse of the Schlieffen Plan
Kluck & Bulow retreat when the British begin to cross the Marne
Orders a retreat of 65 km to the River Aisne. Establishes a new line of defence & ends hope of a short war
Leads the XVIII Corps
The French 5th & the BEF move between Bulow & von Kluck forcing Bulows retreat
The British & the French fail to pursue the Germans
Trench warfare begins. The front is established alog the Aisne, Vesle, Argonne, Meuse hills, Moselle & Vosges
Trench warfare begins. The front is established alog the Aisne, Vesle, Argonne, Meuse hills, Moselle & Vosges
Marwitzs cavalry protects the flank of First Army during its retreat in the wake of the First Battle of the Marne
Marwitzs cavalry protects the flank of First Army during its retreat in the wake of the First Battle of the Marne
1st day of the Battle of Albert between the Germans & French for the "race to the sea"
Put in hospital with a leg injury for 3 months
The 6th Army comes to Klucks assistance & the French are driven back. The French consolidate & become entreched in a line from Albert to Nyon
The 6th Army comes to Klucks assistance & the French are driven back. The French consolidate & become entreched in a line from Albert to Nyon
The 6th Army comes to Klucks assistance & the French are driven back
The 6th Army comes to Klucks assistance & the French are driven back
Hindenburg reaches the Vistula
General Nikolai Ruzsky, commander of the Russian Northwest Front, brings up significant reinforcement against the Ninth Army, att this time Hindenburg learned of a planned Russian offensive into Silesia from a captured Russian soldier
Mackensen reaches the Vistula River by October 9 and is only 12 miles away from Warsaw
Commands the capture of Antwerp by the First Army
Antwerp surrenders to the Germans
General Nikolai Ruzsky, commander of the Russian Northwest Front, brings up significant reinforcement against the Ninth Army, att this time Hindenburg learned of a planned Russian offensive into Silesia from a captured Russian soldier
Commands the capture of Antwerp by the First Army
Mackensen reaches the Vistula River by October 9 and is only 12 miles away from Warsaw
Defeated by Joffre, Germany is retreats from Paris to the Soissons-Rheims line
Defeated by Joffre, Germany is retreats from Paris to the Soissons-Rheims line
The Germans advance on Warsaw but retreat a week later
Falkenhayn seeks decision in Flanders around Ypres.
Albrecht commands German forces at Ypres.
German operations extend north toward Ypres.
German reserve corps attack near Ypres.
Fabeck commands a German attack toward Ypres.
The Germans were unfamiliar with the land and unable to bring sufficient reinforcements to the Ninth Army, allowing Ruzsky to concentrate his front against Mackensen. On October 17, Hindenburg orders a retreat, and by the 31st the battle is over
The Germans were unfamiliar with the land and unable to bring sufficient reinforcements to the Ninth Army, allowing Ruzsky to concentrate his front against Mackensen. On October 17, Hindenburg orders a retreat, and by the 31st the battle is over
The Germans were unfamiliar with the land and unable to bring sufficient reinforcements to the Ninth Army, allowing Ruzsky to concentrate his front against Mackensen. On October 17, Hindenburg orders a retreat, and by the 31st the battle is over
Takes part in the German capture of Antwerp
Albrecht's Fourth Army advances toward the Yser and Ypres during the final phase of the Race to the Sea.
Rupprecht's forces support German attempts to break the Allied northern flank during the Flanders fighting.
Albrecht intensifies attacks against Belgian and French positions along the Yser in Flanders.
Defeats Craddock then sails around Cape Horn to scour the South Atlantic
The British under Craddock fail to prevent German commerce raiding in the south Pacific. The British are outnumbered & defeated & lose 2 cruisers & 1,500 crew. Spees forces sink the HMS Good Hope & HMS Monmouth. British defeat by Admiral Spee including the Scharnhorst, Gneisenau & Nurnberg
Appointed Commander of the Ninth Army
Appointed Commander of the Ninth Army
Hindenburg had intercepted Russian reports of the proposed invasion into Silesia, and sees an opportunity to repeat his crushing victory at the Battle of Tannenberg, by hitting the Russian flank at Lodz as it moves into Silesia.
Hindenburg moves the German Ninth Army, under General August von Mackensen, to the Polish sector.
Pressure on Lodz continues until December but the Germans are unable to break the Russian lines, short on ammunition, the Russians withdraw to form a new and stronger line closer to Warsaw.
Although a Russian victory it causes the Russians to call off their offensive.
August von Mackensen directs the successful German offensive at Lodz.
Mackensen's Ninth Army strikes the one corps of Rennenkampfs First Army which was posted south of the Vistula and routed it, capturing 12,000 prisoners.
The Battle of Lodz takes place from November 11 to December 6, 1914, near Lodz in Poland, fought between the German Ninth Army and the Russian First, Second, and 5th Armies, in appalling winter conditions.
Mackensens Ninth Army strikes the one corps of Rennenkampfs First Army which was posted south of the Vistula and routed it, capturing 12,000 prisoners
Hindenburg had intercepted Russian reports of the proposed invasion into Silesia, and sees an opportunity to repeat his crushing victory at the Battle of Tannenberg, by hitting the Russian flank at Lodz as it moves into Silesia
Hindenburg moves the German Ninth Army, under General August von Mackensen, to the Polish sector
The Battle of Lodz takes place from November 11 to December 6, 1914, near Lodz in Poland, fought between the German Ninth Army and the Russian First, Second, and 5th Armies, in appalling winter conditions. Mackensens Ninth Army strikes the one corps of Rennenkampfs First Army which was posted south of the Vistula and routed it, capturing 12,000 prisoners
Rupprecht's forces continue pressure in Flanders as German armies seek to seize Ypres and the Channel approaches.
Jodl receives the Iron Cross Second Class after his early wartime service and wounding.
The Russians regroup, counterattack & recapture Augustov & move into East Prussia
The Russians regroup, counterattack & recapture Augustov & move into East Prussia
The Russians had repulsed the Germans and saved Warsaw, which had been the objective of the original German offensive, the Germans, for their part, had caused the Russians to abandon their offensive into Silesia
The Russians had repulsed the Germans and saved Warsaw, which had been the objective of the original German offensive, the Germans, for their part, had caused the Russians to abandon their offensive into Silesia
The Russians had repulsed the Germans and saved Warsaw, which had been the objective of the original German offensive, the Germans, for their part, had caused the Russians to abandon their offensive into Silesia
The German Navys South American commerce raiding force is destroyed. Sturdee sinks Spees flagship, SMS Scharnhorst, together with SMS Gneisenau, SMS Nurnberg & SMS Leipzig. Spee attempts a raid on the coaling station at Stanley in the Falkland Islands, unaware the British had sent reinforcements. British reversal of the defeat at Coronel
The Scharnhorst is sunk & von Spee drowns. Bombards the Falkland Islands not knowing of the presence of Admiral Sturdee
Death of Maximilian Johannes Hubert von Spee
Marwitz is dispatched to the Eastern Front in command of the newly-established XXXVIII Reserve Corps, where it was believed that the cavalry would fare better
Commands the First Army at the Battle of Yser
Spends next 4 years guarding Belgian naval bases. Schroders marine forces are stopped at Yser
Conducts an air raid on Scarborough
Marwitz is dispatched to the Eastern Front in command of the newly-established XXXVIII Reserve Corps, where it was believed that the cavalry would fare better
Commands the First Army at the Battle of Yser
Souchon coordinates Ottoman naval dispositions while the Dardanelles becomes a major Allied target.
Backs annexationist war aims during the First World War.
Gallwitzs corps is formed into the Army Group Gallwitz in Poland
Carries out the Schlieffen Plan but is defeated at the Battle of the Marne
The Russians lose 92,000 compared to 13,000 Germans. Ludendorf & Hindenberg outflank & defeat the Russian Second Army
Spearheads the 1st major German offensive around Ypres
Moves to Berlin for a senior research appointment and membership of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
Advises that the 90,000 Russian prisoners "should be left to starve"
Appointed Chief of General Staff, combined with Minister of War for 6 months
Appointed Chief of General Staff, combined with Minister of War for 6 months
Appointed Commander of the 6th Army
Appointed Commander of the 6th Army
Publishes work refining the mathematical and covariance problems of his developing gravitational theory.
Ebert leads the SDP party to vote almost unanimously in favour of war appropriations, accepting that a war was a necessary patriotic, defensive measure
Ebert leads the SDP party to vote almost unanimously in favour of war appropriations, accepting that a war was a necessary patriotic, defensive measure
Supports the war effort & annexationist war aims
Joins the Deutscher Schutz und Truzbund, an anti-Semitic organisation
Carries out the Schlieffen Plan but is defeated at the Battle of the Marne
Appointed embassy counselor at Constantinople
Appointed Field Marshal & Commander of the German armies in the east. Appointed Commander of the Army in East Prussia
Appointed Field Marshal & Commander of the German armies in the east. Appointed Commander of the Army in East Prussia
Joins the Maracker Freikorps, a right-wing paramilitary group that strongly opposed the Communists
Directs the German invasion of France
France will be defeated in 6 weeks then Germany will concentrate on Russia
Fails to break through French defences east of the Moselle & the Schlieffen Plan
Launches war on 2 fronts by invading Poland along the "Polish tongue"
France will be defeated in 6 weeks then Germany will concentrate on Russia
Appointed Lieutenant on the Breslau
Co-signs a pacifist appeal opposing wartime nationalism among European intellectuals.
Joins the Maracker Freikorps, a right-wing paramilitary group that strongly opposed the Communists
Joins the Maracker Freikorps, a right-wing paramilitary group that strongly opposes the Communists
Becomes National Liberal leader in the Reichstag.
Winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics
Appointed National Liberal Leader in the Reichstag
Carries out the Schlieffen Plan but is defeated at the Battle of the Marne
With Gustav Hertz, shows that electrons transfer energy to mercury atoms in discrete amounts, confirming quantized atomic excitation.
Moves 2 divisions to Alsace-Lorraine & the Russian Front. Makes plans to invade France on 2 fronts mainly through Belgium & then invading Russia. Launches the Schlieffen Plan but fights on 2 fronts. France will be defeated in 6 weeks then Germany will concentrate on Russia. Alters the original right & left wing proportions from 2:1 to 3:1
Goes down with the Scharnhorst, sunk by the British under Admiral Sturdee. Death of Maximilian Johannes Hubert von Spee, during the sinking of the Scharnhorst
SMS Scharnhorst, von Spee's flagship, was sunk with all hands during the Battle of the Falkland Islands on 8 December 1914.
Co-directs the first Golem film with Paul Wegener.
Supports Germany's war effort during the First World War.
Due to a shortage of supplies a new department is set up under Rathenaus direction
Due to a shortage of supplies a new department is set up under Rathenaus direction
Will not invade France if Britain remains neutral but Edward Grey refuses such a deal
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