Aid to French Indochina
Approves military and economic aid to French forces fighting in Indochina
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Approves military and economic aid to French forces fighting in Indochina
Supports recognition and aid for the French-backed State of Vietnam
Establishes a garrison in Dien Bien Phu to bring out the forces of General Giap
Launches an assault on the communist stronghold of Dien Bien Phu
The communist assault on Dien Bien Phu begins
Publicly frames Indochina in terms of the domino theory
Dien Bien Phu falls & marks the end of French rule in Indochina
Directs US diplomacy during the Geneva Conference on Indochina
The French garrison of Dien Bien Phu falls to the Vietminh
The Viet Minh overwhelm the French garrison of Dien Bien Phu
The US begins to prepare for limited military intervention. Dien Bien Phu falls to the Communists
Dien Bien Phu falls & marks the end of French rule in Indochina
Vietnam & France agree a ceasefire
Vietnam & France agree a ceasefire. Elections will be held in South Vietnam supervised by France
The US does not want to recognize Beijing & Hanoi. Seeks unification through free elections supervised by the UN. Ignores the "Final Declaration", pledges unity through United Nations supervised elections. Ignores the "Final Declaration". Despite general agreement the "Final Declaration" is not signed
American delegates attended the Geneva summit but scarcely participated.
But the plan hatched at Geneva was undermined and sabotaged by a lack of support.
The Geneva conference adopted a similar approach in Vietnam.
US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, a vehement anti-communist, refused to recognise, shake hands with or speak directly to Chinese or Viet Minh delegates.
Vietnamese territory would be divided temporarily into north and south, then given a road map to free elections, self Government, reunification and independence.
US ships are sent to patrol the Gulf on Tonkin
Dienbienphu falls to the Viet Minh
United States ships patrol the Tonkin Gulf as Washington increases naval attention to the conflict in Indochina.
Both China and the Soviet Union, for their own strategic reasons, refused to back the Viet Minh claim to govern all of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh’s chief negotiator, Pham Van Dong, chose not to align too closely with Moscow or Beijing, preferring that North Vietnam remain in charge of its own destiny
Represents the SVN during the signing of the Geneva Accords
Opening day of the Geneva Conference to discuss peace in Vietnam
The Viet Minh delegates did not wish to sign: they sceptical about the scheduled 1956 elections and reluctant to agree to the 17th parallel border, which would mean surrendering territory to the South. In the end the Viet Minh representatives signed on the instructions of Ho Chi Minh, who was himself under pressure from the Soviet Union and China
A ceasefire with France is agreed.
Present at the Geneva Conference which partitions Vietnam
Agrees to temporarily divide Vietnam in half pending elections unite Vietnam.
Despite general agreement the "Final Declaration" is not signed.
French troops be withdraw from north Vietnam & the Vietminh will withdraw from the sth.
South Vietnam, Laos & Kampuchea will become independent states protected by SEATO.
Territory north of the 17th Parallel will go to the Government of Ho Chi Minh.
The US does not want to recognize Beijing & Hanoi.
Vietnam is partitioned above latitude 17 degrees north.
Serves with Molotov as joint Chairman of the Geneva Conference
Sihanouks Royal Government is granted international recognition
The Conference of Geneva recognizes the independence of Kampuchea, Kampuchea
A joint US-French naval task force was assembled near Haiphong harbour, while US personnel and aid workers organised refugee camps, food and medical supplies in South Vietnam.
The Geneva Accords also provided a 300 day grace period, so that civilians could relocate to North or South Vietnam.
The United States began providing assistance to those Vietnamese who wanted to move south.
This process – pointedly titled Operation Passage to Freedom – was part humanitarian mission, part propaganda ploy.
The French establish a garison in order to tempt the Viet Minh into battle
The US closes its consulate
Defeats the French & Japanese
Warns against large-scale US ground intervention in Indochina
Forms the National Liberation Front, the "Viet Cong"
Advocates consideration of air intervention during the Dien Bien Phu crisis
Comes to power & promises to end the war within 30 days or resign
Represents the United States in Saigon during the French withdrawal period
The US closes its consulate. The US consulate is placed under siege to deprive it of supplies
Consolidates power in South Vietnam with US support
Advises Ngo Dinh Diem and conducts political operations in South Vietnam
Builds US advisory support for South Vietnam after the Geneva settlement
Receives Ngo Dinh Diem during his official US visit
Visits the United States and is presented as an anti-communist ally
Creates Group 759 to supply troops & provisions by Sea into South Vietnam
Hanoi established the 559th Transportation Group under the command of Colonel (later General) Vo Bam to improve and maintain a transportation system to supply the Vietcong uprising against South Vietnamese Government. Creates Group 559 to enlarge the Ho Chi Minh Trail into South Vietnam
Killed with Dale Buis in the Bien Hoa attack
Killed in an attack often counted among the first US combat deaths in Vietnam
Leads a coup calling for neutrality as Laos becomes central to the wider Vietnam War
Becomes a leading figure associated with the National Liberation Front
Organizes right-wing forces against Kong Le's neutralists
Heads the rightist government opposed to Souvanna Phouma and Kong Le
Advises Kennedy that aid to South Vietnams President Diem should be increased
Advises Kennedy that south east Asia & Vietnam should be treated as neutral
At Geneva refuses to accept the neutrality of South Vietnam
Expands counterinsurgency efforts after the creation of the National Liberation Front
Creates a broad front to overthrow President Diem. Announces the creation of the National Liberation Front in South Vietnam
Warned by de Gaulle that Vietnam is a "bottomless military & political swamp". Agrees to a "neutral & independent" Laos at Geneva
Advises Kennedy to adopt a policy of "flexible response" toward counterinsurgency
Supports logistical expansion through Laos and Cambodia
Leaves office with Southeast Asia as a major Cold War concern
Increases personnel in South Vietnam to over 16,000 & permits them to go into combat
Makes Kampuchea neutral & tries to avoid involvement in the Vietnam War
Promotes a strategy of armed struggle in South Vietnam
Backs the communist struggle in South Vietnam as the war widens
"the security of South East Asia will be endagered if Laos loses its independence"
Kennedy suggests reconnaissance spying flights using Laotian markings
Kennedy sends General Taylor & advisers to discuss troop support for Diem
Russia & the USA agree to enforce a truce within their areas of influence. Kennedy & Khrushchev meet to avoid direct confrontation between USA & Russia
Kennedy authorizes fighter bomber trainers to the Bien Hoa Air Base
Kennedy sends General Taylor & advisers to discuss troop support for Diem
B-26s & SC-47s are redesignated as "reconnaissance bombers"
Requests a defense pact with the United States after attacks by the Vietcong
Increases the number of US advisers sent to South Vietnam
US helicopters arrive at docks in South Vietnam along with 400 US personnel
Farm Gate aircraft are authorized to fly combat missions
300 US helicopter pilots in "Eagle Flight" units arrive in Vietnam
Leads a fact-finding mission to South Vietnam for President Kennedy
Co-authors recommendations for increased US support to South Vietnam
Increases the number of US military advisers in South Vietnam
Appointed military adviser to President Kennedy & later to President Johnson
Appointed Ambassador of South Vietnam
Appointed US Air Force Chief of Staff
If Vietnam falls it will be impossible to hold South East Asia
Appointed special military adviser to President Kennedy
Appointed General Counsel to the Pentagon
Begins building CIA-supported Hmong forces against Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese forces
Builds CIA-backed Hmong irregular forces in northern Laos
Works with Vang Pao to organize Hmong guerrilla forces
The Vietcong attack army posts in Phuoc Tahn & Darlac Provinces
Reccomends a "hard hitting operation" to support President Diem
Kennedy accepts Balls reccomendation to increase the Saigon Army by 20,000
US backing includes new equipment and more than 3,000 military advisers
Reccomends sending 8,000 troops to Vietnam
Requests a defense pact with the United States after attacks by the Vietcong. Rejects US offers to increase troops & military advisers
Appointed Secretary of the Airforce
Supports military planning for communist struggle in South Vietnam
Runs Kennedys task force for economic, political & military programs in Vietnam
Visits President Diem in Saigon & offers him America's support
US helicopters ferry 1,000 South Vietnamese soldiers to sweep an NFL stroghold
Farm Gate aircraft fly their 1st combat mission
Bombing trails used by the Viet Cong, 6 million acres treated with herbicides by 1971
Establishes Military Assistance Command Vietnam
Becomes first commander of Military Assistance Command Vietnam
An operation to corral peasants into armed stockades & seal them off from the Vietcong. 50 hamlets are infiltrated & taken over by Viet Cong who kill village leaders
Diem orders bombing raids against suspected Viet Cong-controlled hamlets
5,000 troops are present in South Vietnam
Serves as a prominent American adviser in South Vietnam
Avoids losing his life when the Presidential Palace is bombed. Announces on the radio that he owes his life to "divine protection"
Appointed Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Remains an influential figure in the Diem family's political network
Sent to Vietnam by Kennedy, reports the US has spent $2 billion in 7 yrs
The goal is to clear vegetation alongside highways to prevent Vietcong concealment. Forests are sprayed with "Agent Orange," an herbicide containing deadly dioxin
Helps drop a bomb on Diem in his Presidential Palace, Diem survives
Appointed Secretary of the Army
Promotes the Strategic Hamlet Program against communist influence in the countryside
Thao believes this will win sympathy for the Vietcong. Oversees the programm to create peasant built stockades
Directs Pentagon assessments of the expanding advisory war
Visits Siagon & states that America is going to win the War
Criticizes South Vietnamese performance after the Battle of Ap Bac
The Vietcong stand their ground against American machinery and South Vietnamese soldiers. The Vietcong 514th Battalion and local guerrilla forces ambush the South Vietnamese
Commands ARVN forces during the Battle of Ap Bac
Leads the South Vietnamese 7th Division which is defeated by an inferior Vietcong force
The Americans begin bombing Communist Headquarters in Kampuchea
Learns of US bombing of Communists in Kampuchea but allows their Embassy to reopen
Faces international outrage after Buddhist protests and repression
Self-immolates in protest against the Diem government's treatment of Buddhists
His self-immolation intensifies US concern over the Diem government
Special Forces raided and vandalised Buddhist pagodas across the country, arresting thousands of monks and causing a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds
Directs or supports raids against Buddhist pagodas during the political crisis
Becomes US ambassador during the crisis of the Diem regime
Nhu Diem is captured & burnt to death
Ngo Dinh is captured & burnt to death. Captured & burnt to death
Kennedy approves a coup by Vietnamese Army officers during which Diem is assassinated. Kennedy approves a coup by South Vietnamese Army officers & Diem is assassinated
Captured & burnt to death
Overthrown & killed by a coup, with tacit US approval
Death of Ngo Dinh Diem, assassinated
Leads the military coup that overthrows Ngo Dinh Diem
Represents US policy in Saigon during the coup against Diem
Faces the consequences of the coup against Ngo Dinh Diem
Overthrown and killed after US officials indicate opposition to his rule
Marks the culmination of a successful CIA-backed coup led by General Duong Van Minh. Diem and his adviser, younger brother Ngo Dinh Nhu, are arrested after the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) had been successful in a bloody overnight siege on Gia Long Palace in Saigon
Killed after the coup that ends his presidency
Operation Plan 34A is announced at the Honolulu Conference. Approves action against North Vietnam by CIA supported South Vietnamese forces
Launches operation NSAM 273
China supports North Vietnamese aggression
Sends 3,000 troops to Thailand on the Laos border to counter Vietcong insurgence
Offers an amnesty to communist soldiers
Urges Kennedy to support the coup against Diem which results in Diems assassination
Appointed Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs
An inferior Vietcong force defeats a South Vietnamese Div led by officers picked by Diem
Rejects American military aid. Breaks off relations with the US after President Johnson sent marines ashore at Danang
Defends the Diem regime during the Buddhist crisis
Has a force of only 30,000 & lets the Vietcong use Sihanoukville
Breaks with Kong Le as neutralist factions divide during the civil war
Pol Pot begins his communist rebellion from the northern jungles
A Buddhist burns himself to death & triggers off demonstrations against the Government
General Nguyen Khanh led a coup replacing Duong Van Minh as Prime Minister
Seizes power from Duong Van Minh's military junta
Requests the US Ambassador Henry Lodge to bomb North Vietnam
Asks the NSC to authorize the request of Laos & South Vietnam for armed forces
During the Vietnam War at a rally in Saigon, General Nguyen Khanh made a statement "calling for expanding the war into North Vietnam"
USS Turner Joy & Maddox report they have been attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. The Tonkin Gulf incident is used to escalate the war in Vietnam. Claims USS Maddox was attacked 30 miles offsore not 13 miles claimed by North Vietnam. A clash that triggers U.S. bombing against North Vietnam
On duty on the evening of the Gulf of Tonkin incident, reporting the incident to McNamara
Commands the USS Maddox during the first Gulf of Tonkin incident
Addresses the nation after reported attacks in the Gulf of Tonkin
Orders retaliatory air strikes against North Vietnamese targets after reports of attacks on U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
Receives congressional authorization to use military force in Vietnam
Enables Johnson to use armed force to help SEATO members to "defend their freedom". Congress authorizes "measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the US"
Defends administration policy during passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Votes against the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Serves in the Pentagon from August under Secretary of State for Defence Robert McNamara. Serves for two years in Vietnam working for General Edward Lansdale as a civilian in the State Department
General Nguyen Khanh is faced with an attempted coup, rioting and demonstrations in the northern provinces, a massive labor strike in Saigon, and an armed revolt by Montagnards
The South Vietnamese Air Force, under the leadership of Air Marshall Nguyen Cao Ky, crushes a coup plot against General Nguyen Khanh
The Vietnamese Revolutionary Council elect Phan Khac Suu as Chief of State and the former Mayor of Saigon, Tran Van Huong, as Premier, but General Nguyen Khanh retains real power under the title of Commander in Chief of the armed forces
Issues a memorandum, a "challenge to the assumptions of our current Vietnam policy"
His forces rely on US air support as Operation Barrel Roll expands
Authorizes expanded US air operations over northern Laos
Arrives as ambassador and coordinates US air and covert operations in Laos
Supports expanded Soviet assistance to North Vietnam after US escalation begins
Oversees expansion of air defence as American pressure increases
US Air Force Operation Barrel Roll carries out the first systematic bombardment of the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos.
Appointed Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Appointed Chief of Staff of the Army
Appointed Air Force Commander in South Vietnam
Appointed Commander in Chief
Appointed Deputy Ambassador of South Vietnam
Appointed Deputy Defence Secretary
Appointed Commander of US Military Assistance Command in Vietnam
Appointed Head of State for South Vietnam
Expands Long Tieng as the main Hmong and CIA-supported base
Asks SAC to improve its capabilities for limited war
Maintains support for the US alliance while refusing to send British troops to Vietnam
Barrel Roll was one of the most closely held secrets and one of the most unknown components of the American military commitment in Southeast Asia.
Due to the ostensible neutrality of Laos, guaranteed by the Geneva Conference of 1954 and 1962, both the US and North Vietnam strove to maintain the secrecy of their operations and only slowly escalated military actions there.
Pushes Hanoi toward greater commitment to victory in the South
Viet Cong and PAVN forces complete the Battle of Binh Gia after inflicting heavy losses on South Vietnamese troops
Declares, "We can never again stand aside, prideful in isolation. Terrific dangers & troubles that we once called foreign now constantly live among us
General Khanh seizes full control of South Vietnam's Government
NSA Bundy & Defense Secretary McNamara send a memo to Johnson stating America's military involvement is Vietnam failing. Bundy & McNamara advise Johnson the U.S. has reached a fork in the road in Vietnam & must either soon escalate or withdraw
Operation Game Warden begins U.S. Navy river patrols on South Vietnam's 3000 nautical miles of inland waterways
NSA Bundy & Defence SecretaryMcNamara send a memo to Johnson stating Americas military involvement is Vietnam failing. Bundy & McNamara advise Johnson the US has reached a fork in the road in Vietnam & must either soon escalate or withdraw
National Security Adviser McGeorge Bundy visits South Vietnam for the 1st time
Visits Hanoi during early US escalation and discusses aid with North Vietnamese leaders
Viet Cong guerrillas attack the U.S. compound at Pleiku in the Central Highlands, killing 8 Americans, wounding 126 & destroying 10 aircraft
Johnson approves Operation Flaming Dart, the bombing of a North Vietnamese army camp near Dong Hoi
Johnson orders retaliatory air strikes against North Vietnam after the attack on Camp Holloway near Pleiku
Viet Cong forces attack Camp Holloway near Pleiku, prompting US retaliatory air strikes
Bundy is in South Vietnam during the Pleiku attack that helps trigger US air escalation
Westmoreland reports the attack on US facilities near Pleiku as Washington considers retaliation
U.S. air attacks take place on bases at Dong Hoi in retaliation for Pleiku. The beginning of limited offensive attacks on military targets in North Vietnam
President Johnson approves sustained bombing plans against North Vietnam
President Johnson authorizes Operation Rolling Thunder
General Khanh finally ousted from power and a new military/civilian Government installed, led by Dr. Phan Huy Quat
General Westmoreland requests 2 battalions of US Marines to protect the American air base at Da Nang from 6000 Vietcong
Prime Minister Kosygin is pressured by the North Vietnamese to provide unlimited military aid to counter the American "aggression"
Opinion polls shortly after the bombing indicate a 70 percent approval rating for the President and an 80 percent approval of U.S. military involvement
Sharp helps direct Pacific command responsibilities for Rolling Thunder operations
Moore's 2nd Air Division participates in the opening phase of Rolling Thunder
Rolling Thunder starts as the United States escalates air attacks against North Vietnam
Sustained US bombing of North Vietnam begins under Operation Rolling Thunder
Johnson begins sustained bombing of North Vietnam under Operation Rolling Thunder
Scheduled to last 8 weeks, Rolling Thunder will continue for 3 yrs. Operation Rolling Thunder begins as over 100 American fighter-bombers attack targets in North Vietnam
Begins sustained bombing of North Vietnam
Begins sustained bombing of North Vietnam under Operation Rolling Thunder
McNamara supports the air campaign intended to pressure Hanoi and restrict support for the Viet Cong
Commands Marines landing at Da Nang as the first major US ground combat units
The 9th Marine Expeditionary Brigade are the 1st U.S. ground combat force in Vietnam
Johnson authorizes the use of Napalm, a petroleum based anti-personnel bomb that showers hundreds of explosive pellets upon impact
The 1st U.S. combat troops arrive in Vietnam as 3500 Marines land at China Beach to defend the American air base at Da Nang
US Marines land at Da Nang as the first major American ground combat deployment to South Vietnam
Westmoreland receives the first major US ground combat deployment at Da Nang
The arrival of US Marines at Da Nang marks a major escalation of the war
Johnson authorises the deployment of Marines to defend the Da Nang air base
Karch commands the Marine brigade whose combat troops land at Da Nang
Joint effort between the U.S. Navy & South Vietnamese Navy to disrupt North Vietnamese sea routes used to funnel supplies into the South. 1st day of Operation-Market Time, results in the North Vietnamese shifting to the more difficult land route along the Ho Chi Minh trail
US naval patrols begin Operation Market Time to stop seaborne communist supply to South Vietnam
US and South Vietnamese naval forces begin coastal interdiction against supply routes supporting communist forces
US planning expands air interdiction against infiltration routes used to support communist forces in South Vietnam
Viet Cong terrorists bomb the U.S. embassy in Saigon
The 1st air strikes against the Ho Chi Minh trail
US intelligence estimates heavy communist supply movement through Laos and presses for stronger interdiction
Dung serves in Hanoi's high command as communist forces intensify operations in the South
Dung helps direct North Vietnam's military planning during the American escalation
The decision to allow offensive operations is kept secret from the American press & public for 2 months. President Johnson authorizes sending 2 more Marine battalions & up to 20,000 logistical personnel to Vietnam
Westmoreland presses for additional US ground forces as the war intensifies
US air operations expand against infiltration routes connected to the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos
Johnson approves expanded air interdiction against infiltration routes through Laos
Approves air interdiction against Ho Chi Minh Trail routes in southern Laos
Coordinates US embassy approval for air operations over Laos
Delivers "Peace Without Conquest" Speech offering Hanoi "unconditional discussions" to stop the war in return for massive modernization of Vietnam
McNamara & Westmorland agree to use B52s for conventional bombing in South Vietnam
McNamara, Westmoreland, Wheeler, William Bundy & Ambassador Taylor recommend to the President sending another 40,000 combat soldiers
President Johnson raises America's combat strength in Vietnam to more than 60,000
The 1st U.S. Army combat troops, 3500 men of the 173rd Airborne Brigade, arrive in Vietnam
The 1st bombing pause is announced by the U.S. in the hope that Hanoi will now negotiate
Viet Cong forces attack the US Special Forces camp at Song Be in Phuoc Long Province
Williams helps defend the Special Forces camp during the Viet Cong attack at Phuoc Long
Earns the Congressional Medal of Honor by knocking out a Viet Cong machine-gun then guiding rescue helicopters, while wounded four times
The Viet Cong attack the U.S. special forces camp in Phuoc Long
U.S. bombing of North Vietnam resumes
Communist forces open the Battle of Ba Gia during the 1965 summer offensive
Thi's I Corps faces heavy pressure during the communist offensive around Ba Gia
Viet Cong forces launch coordinated attacks during the 1965 summer offensive
Vien helps direct South Vietnamese responses to the Viet Cong attack at Dong Xoai
Le Trong Tan is associated with communist command during the Dong Xoai campaign
Westmoreland monitors the battle as Viet Cong forces overrun positions around Dong Xoai
Shields is mortally wounded while helping defend the Special Forces camp at Dong Xoai
Ryan's Strategic Air Command executes the first B-52 Arc Light mission from Guam
Operation Light I, bombing of Ben Cat Special Zone Viet Cong base, a limited success
Johnson authorises the first B-52 combat strikes under Operation Arc Light
Ky takes power as prime minister while Nguyen Van Thieu serves as chief of state
The military leadership appoints Ky to the premiership under the new South Vietnamese government
Thieu becomes head of state while Ky takes the stronger executive premiership
Thieu heads the National Leadership Committee after South Vietnam's generals reorganise the government
Thieu's military leadership group appoints Ky as premier of South Vietnam
Ky begins a premiership intended to end the cycle of coups in Saigon
Ky is appointed prime minister of South Vietnam
Ky is premier of South Vietnam, not vice president, during 1965
The National Leadership Committee appoints Ky as premier of South Vietnam
Announces on TV, "We will stand in Vietnam"
Brumfield commands 1RAR as Australian infantry deploys to South Vietnam
Announces expanded US troop commitments to Vietnam
Receives expanded US combat forces after Johnson's escalation decision
Taylor asks for 125,000 men
Thi provides intelligence that helps trigger the Marine attack against the Viet Cong 1st Regiment
Tru commands Viet Cong forces targeted by the Marine assault near Van Tuong
Walt directs the first major US Marine offensive operation of the war
Peatross commands regimental landing forces during Operation Starlite
1st major U.S. ground operation in Vietnam as U.S. Marines wage a preemptive strike against 1500 Viet Cong planning to assault the U.S. airfield at Chu Lai
1st major U.S. ground operation in Vietnam as U.S. Marines wage a preemptive strike against 1500 Viet Cong planning to assault the U.S. airfield at Chu Lai
President Johnson signs a law criminalizing draft card burning, leads to widespread demonstrations
Says the Vietnamese will defeat the US. Advocates a "peoples war" for rural areas to take over the cities
Walt directs Marine operations against Viet Cong forces on the Batangan Peninsula
Kinnard commands the newly arrived 1st Cavalry Division at An Khe
Westmoreland deploys the 1st Cavalry Division to the Central Highlands as US ground forces expand
Anti-war rallies occur in 40 U.S. cities and in international cities including London & Rome
North Vietnamese Army troops attack the U.S. Special Forces camp at Plei Me in a prelude to the Battle of Ia Ia Drang. 1st major battle of the Vietnam War between the United States Army and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN)
Beckwith is involved with US Special Forces support during the Plei Me siege
Chu Huy Man commands communist forces in the Central Highlands campaign
North Vietnamese Army troops attack the U.S. Special Forces camp at Plei Me in a prelude to the Battle of Ia Ia Drang
Vinh Loc commands South Vietnamese II Corps during the siege of Plei Me
Death of Norman Morrison, suicide
Death of Norman Morrison, suicide. Burns himself to death in protest against the war within 40 feet of the Pentagon
Joel treats wounded soldiers under fire during Operation Hump
1st Battalion/7th Cavalry, approximately 450-men strong under Lieutenant Colonel Hal Moore, began operations in the Ia Drang Valley
Commands US strategy during the Ia Drang campaign
Serves with Hal Moore during the Battle of Ia Drang
Chu Huy Man directs the B3 Front during the Central Highlands campaign
Commands US cavalry troops at Landing Zone X-Ray
Commands the 1st Battalion 7th Cavalry at LZ X-Ray
North Vietnamese forces fight US airmobile troops in the first major battle between PAVN and the US Army
Nguyen Huu An commands North Vietnamese forces in the Ia Drang fighting
Commands North Vietnamese forces during the Ia Drang campaign
Crandall flies repeated helicopter missions into LZ X-Ray during the battle
Moore leads the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry in the opening fight at LZ X-Ray
Flies repeated helicopter missions under fire during the Battle of Ia Drang
Flies repeated helicopter missions supporting troops at LZ X-Ray
B-52s support US ground forces for the 1st time
McDade's 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry is ambushed near LZ Albany during the Ia Drang campaign
Cables Washington requesting 200,000 more troops in 1966
82 B-52Ds are modified to carry 42 750-pound bombs
Reccommends to Johnson a diluted version of Bundys "just right" option
Walt oversees Marine participation in Operation Harvest Moon
Barnum takes command under fire and helps direct Marine units during Operation Harvest Moon
Announces a 36 hr cease-fire commencing Christmas eve to negotiate with North Vietnam
Agrees to extend the cease-fire indefinitely to promote negotiations with North Vietnam
Viet Cong forces open the Battle of Binh Gia, which continues into early January 1965
Arc Light sorties hit Laos
Requests substantial US combat forces for the war in Vietnam
Appointed special Vietnam adviser to President Johnson
Oversees Soviet military support including air defense assistance to North Vietnam
Commands US air forces involved in expanding interdiction over Laos
Approves the bombing of communist routes in Southern Laos
US victory in west-central Vietnam near the Kampuchean border
Reccomends bombing North Vietnam. Reccomends bombing Communist routes in Laos
Serves in CIA leadership roles connected with the secret war in Laos
The USA announces it will only intervene if there is a threat of Communist takeover
Appointed Commander of the ground troops in Vietnam
Balances neutrality claims with North Vietnamese use of eastern Laos
Appointed Commander of the First Marine Aircraft Wing
Backs a major expansion of Soviet military aid to North Vietnam
Taylor asks for 125,000 men. In the early part of the year Taylor asks for 75,000 men
Arc Light sorties hit Laos. 82 B-52Ds are modified to carry 42 750-pound bombs. B52s are deployed for bombing in tth Vietnam against Battle targets & Viet Cong bases
Highlights greater than expected North Vietnamese penetration into South Vietnam
The Viet Cong attack a U.S. installation, orders U.S. evacuation & reprisals
Associated with Soviet air defense forces as missile aid to North Vietnam expands
Opposes direct British military involvement in Vietnam
Shapes North Vietnamese response as United States combat forces enter the war
Represents British foreign policy during debate over the Vietnam War
Defends North Vietnam in Soviet diplomacy during the US bombing escalation
Dung supports North Vietnamese planning during the 1965 escalation
Meets Harold Wilson during British efforts to explore Vietnam peace diplomacy
Meets President Johnson during the Honolulu Conference
US air support succeeds in bombing the attackers into retreat. The 272nd Regiment of the Vietcong 9th Div attack the American 3rd Brigade
Rules out sending British troops to fight in Vietnam
On Route 13 linking Vietnam to the Kampuchean border US forces are brutally assaulted
Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) estimate credited the North Vietnamese with 600 miles (970 km) of truckable roads within the corridor, at least 200 miles (320 km) of which were good enough for year-round use
Heavy fighting near Con Thien kills nearly 1,300 North Vietnamese troops
Criticizes aspects of US bombing policy while keeping Britain aligned with Washington
Uses force against dissident Buddhist and regional opponents
Proposes sending Chinese armies into Vietnam against the United States
Leads Buddhist opposition to the South Vietnamese military government
Faces Commonwealth and domestic pressure over Britain Vietnam policy
Demands that the Friendship Highway be used to supply Vietcong bases. Demands Kampuchea let Vietcong supplies land in Sihanoukville
Avoids China supporting the Khmers Rouge by acceeding to its demands. Agrees with China to allow Sihanoukville & Friendship Highway to supply the Vietcong
Leads Hmong irregular operations around the Plain of Jars
Serves in senior command roles for communist forces in the South
Maintains North Vietnamese use of Laotian corridors for the war in South Vietnam
Discusses Vietnam with US officials during the escalation of the war
Meets Alexei Kosygin during an attempted Vietnam peace initiative
Discusses possible Vietnam peace moves with Harold Wilson in London
The U.S. & South Vietnamese forces begin Operation Junction City
The U.S. accidentally bombs Lang Vei, 80 civilians are killed
Urges expansion of ground operations in Laos & Kampuchea. Requests 200,000 troops, rising to 670,000
Delivers a major speech opposing the Vietnam War at Riverside Church
Over 100,000 in New York & over 50,000 in San Francisco demonstrate against the War
Vance & McNanamara advise against accepting the JCS proposals for further forces
Turns down the Joint Chiefs of Staffs request for more troops
McNamara commissions a secret historical study of United States involvement in Vietnam from 1945 through 1967.
McNamara appoints John McNaughton, Morton Halperin and Leslie Gelb to lead the Defense Department history project.
McNamara directs the task force to examine political and military decision-making across successive administrations.
Instead of using existing Defense Department historians, McNamara assigned his close aide and Assistant Secretary of Defense John T. McNaughton to collect the papers. McNaughton died in an air accident one month after work began in June 1967, but the project continued under the direction of Defense Department official Leslie H. Gelb
3 month diplomacy with North Vietnam leading to a meeting between the U.S. & Hanoi in 1968
McNaughton's death during 1967 removes one of the original leaders appointed to organize the Pentagon Papers study.
The Stennis Committee defends restricted bombing in North Vietnam. Says only annhilation can break the will of the north Vietnamese
Elected president of South Vietnam under the new constitution
Elected vice president on Nguyen Van Thieu's ticket
In a secret memo to Johnson states US status would not be too damaged by withdrawal
Offers to stop bombing North Vietnam if talks can begin productively
Helps organize the antiwar March on the Pentagon
Participates in the March on the Pentagon and later writes about it
Blunts North Vietnam's penetration into the Southern Highlands
Nov 19-Nov 23, The People's Army, PAVN, is defeated by the US
Tells US audiences that progress is being made in Vietnam
Tells US audiences that the war is showing progress
Announces he will leave the Defense Department amid doubts about the war
Commands communist forces in the Dak To campaign
Commands US forces involved in the Dak To fighting
Acts as one of a series of intermediaries between Washington and Hanoi in a peace initiative codenamed "Pennsylvania"
Appointed Ambassador of South Vietnam
The Stennis Committee criticizes Johnson for not increasing the bombing
Announces he will grant US & South Vietnam access into Kampuchea to persue North Vietnam
Senior military leadership prepares the 1968 general offensive
Halperin participates in the project designed to reconstruct how United States Vietnam policy developed across several administrations.
A change in command of the 559th Group as Senior Colonel Dong Sy Nguyen assumes command
By the end of the year the North Vietnamese had completed 2,959 kilometers of vehicle capable roads, including 275 kilometers of main roads, 576 kilometers of bypasses, and 450 entry roads and storage areas
McNaughton helps organize the early phase of the classified study before his death during the project's first months.
Bombing against North Vietnam escalates to military bases
Appointed Director of the US pacification program in South Vietnam
Has access to the complete set of documents which reveal that the Government had knowledge all along that the war would not likely be won, and that continuing the war would lead to many times more casualties than admtted. Contributes to a top-secret study of classified documents regarding the conduct of the Vietnam War that had been commissioned by Defence Secretary McNamara
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara created the Vietnam Study Task Force on June 17, 1967, for the purpose of writing an "encyclopedic history of the Vietnam War". McNamara claimed that he wanted to leave a written record for historians, to prevent policy errors in future administrations
Halperin works within the leadership structure coordinating analysts assigned to the Defense Department's Vietnam history.
Halperin helps shape the organization of the classified project examining earlier American decisions in Vietnam.
Gelb assumes a central directing role in the Defense Department task force compiling the classified Vietnam history.
Appointed Vice President of South Vietnam
Commands Royal Lao forces during civil-war operations tied to the Vietnam conflict
Controls US air-target approval through the embassy in Vientiane
Controls targeting approval for many US operations over Laos
Represents Soviet state support for North Vietnam during the war
The project commissioned by McNamara develops into an eighteen-month study involving thirty-six professional analysts.
McNamara's historical project is conducted as a highly classified Defense Department study later known as the Pentagon Papers.
Becomes defence minister as Soviet military support to North Vietnam continues
McNamara authorizes a study based heavily on classified records from the Defense Department, State Department and intelligence agencies.
Halperin is named among the officials leading the Defense Department task force established to prepare the Vietnam history.
McNaughton is one of the Defense Department officials selected to lead the new Vietnam history task force.
At a White House conference on crime, singer and actress Eartha Kitt denounces the Vietnam War to Lady Bird Johnson while attending a "ladies lunch"
Battle of Khe Sanh: one of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins, ending on April 8
PAVN pressure around Khe Sanh diverts American attention before Tet
Orders Operation Niagra after the Viet Cong strke Khe Sanh
Works on political military aspects of the Tet Offensive
Takes part in the South Vietnamese leadership response to Tet
Commands US II Field Force elements defending the Saigon region during Tet
Directs communist forces in the southern theater during Tet
Commands US forces as communist attacks hit cities across South Vietnam
Launches the Tet Offensive. Launches the offensive during the Tet truce while the south celebrates New Year. 70,000 troops attack 100 cities
Associated with overall North Vietnamese military leadership during Tet
4,000 troops reach Saigon but the offensive is routed a month later
Commands US forces during the Tet Offensive
An offensive launched by the North Vietnamese to overthrow the South Vietnamese Government
Communist forces attack cities and provincial capitals during Tet
Helps coordinate the high command context for the Tet Offensive
Handles British diplomacy after the Tet Offensive reshapes public debate
Responds to the Tet Offensive while sustaining Soviet support for Hanoi
Responds to the Tet Offensive and mounting questions about US strategy
Backs the Tet Offensive as a decisive political and military blow
Backs the general offensive and uprising strategy for Tet
Leads the South Vietnamese government during the Tet Offensive
The North Koreans capture USS Pueblo, Johnson sends 26 more B-52s to the Pacific
McNamara approves a sortie rate of 1,200 effective from 1st Feb
Executes a Viet Cong prisoner during the Tet Offensive, captured in Eddie Adams's photograph
Takes the photograph of Nguyen Ngoc Loan executing a prisoner in Saigon
Commands South Vietnamese forces during the battle to retake Hue
Civil rights disturbances occur at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Broadcasts a widely noted assessment after reporting from Vietnam following Tet
Broadcasts a commentary saying the war appears stalemated
Broadcasts that the Vietnam War appears stalemated after visiting Vietnam
The monthly sortie rate is increased to 1,800
The Viet Cong are driven back from Saigon
Killed after helping rescue other personnel during the fall of Lima Site 85
Hmong and US-linked forces lose the strategic radar site.
Faces the loss of the secret US radar site at Phou Pha Thi.
Loses a radar support site used for air operations over Laos.
Challenges Johnson's Vietnam policy in the Democratic presidential primary
Enters the presidential race while criticizing Vietnam policy
A massacre by US troops, allegedly under the orders of Lt Calley
Helps rescue civilians during the My Lai massacre
Intervenes to protect Vietnamese civilians during the My Lai massacre
Helps Hugh Thompson protect civilians at My Lai
Leads a platoon involved in the My Lai massacre
A demonstration in London's Grosvenor Square against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War leads to violence; 91 people are injured, 200 demonstrators arrested
In ongoing campus unrest, Howard University students protesting the Vietnam War, the ROTC program on campus and the draft, confront Gen. Lewis Hershey, then head of the U.S. Selective Service System
Announces a partial bombing halt and says he will not seek reelection
Announces cessation of bombing north of the Twentieth parallel to negotiate a solution
Assesses losses and political impact after the Tet Offensive
The Tet offensive is contained by the US at the cost of 165,000 civilian lives
The Tet offensive is contained by the U.S. at the cost of 165,000 civilian lives. The North Vietnamese offensive is repelled but this leads to anti-war protests
Operation Pegasus begins to relieve the Marine base at Khe Sanh.
The Viet Cong try to capture a 6,000 man U.S. base with a force of 40,000. The Viet Cong lose 10,000 & are defeated
Over 100,000 begin an offensive against communist forces in 11 provinces around Saigon
Meets Soviet Ambassador Dobrynin & proposes a negotiating channel with North Vietnam
Peace talks begin in Paris with North Vietnamese officials
The bombing of Kampuchea is only officially acknowledged in 1973. Exposes the secret bombings of Kampuchea
Handles Soviet diplomacy as US-North Vietnamese talks open in Paris
Allows the American embassy in Phnom Penh to reopen
Appointed Commander of the US forces in Vietnam
Replaces William Westmoreland as commander of MACV
Appointed CINCPAC
Says China will not be invaded by Russia which is "saber rattling"
Preconditions to cease bombing are made informal, they are still rejected
The Vietcong do not agree to negotiation conditions. The US announces a cessation of bombing & that negotiations will begin
Announces negotiations will begin, 5 days before the presidential election. Announces bombing in North Vietnam will stop
Announces negotiations will begin, 5 days before the presidential election
Announces negotiations will begin, 5 days before the presidential election
Calls a complete halt to the bombing of North Vietnam during diplomatic talks
Calls a complete halt to the bombing of North Vietnam during diplomatic talks
Brought to a halt, emphasis is placed on the trail network in Laos
Withdraws from Vietnam without "defeat" by improving relations with China & Russia
A message is sent to Hanoi indicating an interest in a peace settlement
Commands South Vietnamese forces during the battle to retake Hue
Commands communist forces in the northern battlefield during the Tet Offensive
The US bombs what it believes are communist HQ in Kampuchea
Sent as US representitive to propose bombing cessation but conditions are rejected
Announces the cessation of bombing North of the 19th parallel in Vietnam
The Vietcong capture Hue & massacre the local population with "blood-debt-lists"
Leads the South Vietnemese capture of Hue during the Tet Offensive
The U.S. has lost over 31,000 lives & are losing 300 per week
Discusses US access to Kampuchea if it is invaded by North Vietnam with Sihanouk
The Tet Offensive results in Johnson having to bow out of the Presidential elections
Under Gelb's direction the project is organized as a forty-seven-volume classified historical study.
Commands the 559th Transportation Group responsible for the Ho Chi Minh Trail
Sensors are dropped on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, activity triggers off bombing raids
The US continuously bombs communist sanctuaries
By the end of 1968 550,000 are stationed in Vietnam
Leads the South Vietnemese capture of Hue during the Tet Offensive
Sent as representitive to forward proposals to cease bombing, conditions are rejected
Demands as a precondition of peace talks the US cease all bombing & acts of war
McNamara neglected to inform either President Lyndon Johnson or Secretary of State Dean Rusk about the study. One report claimed that McNamara planned to give the work to his friend Robert F. Kennedy, who sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1968. McNamara later denied this, although he admitted that he should have informed Johnson and Rusk
Gelb supervises compilation of analytical studies and supporting government documents into the multi-volume Vietnam history.
Gelb's organization assembles roughly seven thousand pages of analysis and supporting documents for the completed study.
The Tet offensive is contained by the U.S. at the cost of 165,000 civilian lives. The North Vietnamese offensive is repelled but this leads to anti-war protests. The Tet Offensive results in Johnson having to bow out of the Presidential elections. Cities such as Kontum, My Tho, Ben Tre & Hue are destroyed during fighting
Appointed Vice Chief of Staff of the Army
Nixon implements a policy of Vietnamization that aims to gradually withdraw US troops while expanding the combat role of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) so that it would be capable of independently defending South Vietnam
Gelb completes the Defense Department history and prepares the finished study for delivery to Secretary Clark Clifford.
It was classified Top Secret-Sensitive, although Sensitive was not an official classification and only indicated that access should be controlled.
McNamara left the Defense Department in February 1968, and his successor Clark M. Clifford received the finished study on January 15, 1969, five days before Richard Nixon's inauguration – although Clifford claimed he never read it.
The study contained 3,000 pages of historical analysis and 4,000 pages of original government documents in 47 volumes.
The completed study presented by Gelb remains classified at the Top Secret level.
Gelb presents the completed Vietnam study to Secretary of Defense Clark Clifford five days before Richard Nixon's inauguration.
Nixon proposes "mutual withdrawal" of troops, no bombing of NV
The first substantive peace talks in Paris
Issues a directive to the National Security Council for a rrapprochement with China
Forms joint US & Vietnam Armed Forces Joint General Staff. Adopts a policy of "Vietnamization", transfer burden of war from U.S. to ARVN
Rocket & mortar attacks are launched on 100 cities & bases throughout South Vietnam
Meets Nixon to agree a friendly policy toward China
Meets de Gaulle to agree a pact with China, seen by the State Dept as the main enemy
Authorizes the secret bombing of Kampuchea. 1st day of the secret bombing of Kampuchea
Menu or short-duration bombing of Vietcong sanctuaries, lasts for 14 months. Bombing begins over Kampuchea
1st day of the secret bombing of Kampuchea
Helps oversee the secret bombing program in Cambodia
Supports bombing of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong bases in Cambodia
Authorizes Operation Menu bombing of Cambodian sanctuaries
Meets Manach & says Washington will open talks with China & support its United Nations membership
De Gaulle meets Manach & says Washington will talk with China & support United Nations membership
About 100 B-52s drop bombs northwest of Saigon near the Kampuchean border
Orders air strikes against the North Vietnamese within 5 miles of the border, April-May
News of the secret bombing of Kampuchea is leaked to the New York Times
Commands US forces during the battle for Hill 937
Associated with North Vietnamese forces opposing the US assault on Hill 937
1st wiretap is placed in the White House following leaks about the bombing of Kampuchea
Proposes withdrawal from South Vietnam of American & North Vietnamese forces on TV
Abrams withdraws from Hamburger Hill after 241 dead
Bombing resumes on targets in North Vietnam
25,000 troops are withdrawn
Meets Nixon as the United States announces troop withdrawals
Meets Richard Nixon as Vietnamization is announced
Meets President Nixon on Midway Island & agrees to his peace proposals
Meets President Thieu on Midway Island who supports the US peace proposals. Announces the withdrawal of 25,000 American troops from Vietnam
Becomes a leading diplomat of the Provisional Revolutionary Government
Announces the first major US troop withdrawal under Vietnamization
The New York Times publishes security documents leaked to the press by Daniel Ellsberg
The monthly sortie rate is reduced to 1,600
The bombing of Laos is authorized
Acknowledges and authorizes strikes against the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos
Announces the "Nixon Doctrine" in Guam
Meets President Ceausescu who agrees to help set up the peace talks with North Vietnam
Begins secret contacts with North Vietnamese negotiators
Begins secret negotiations with Henry Kissinger
Sends a letter to Nixon rejecting his peace proposals. Insists upon US unilateral withdrawal from Vietnam & the overthrow of President Thieu
Declares that there will be no comprimise in Vietnams aim of re-unification
"he was my fiend, my teacher...I knew him since 1922 when we were together in Paris"
Dies while North Vietnam continues the war
Emerges as the dominant leader after Ho Chi Minh's death
En-Lai & Kosygin meet at Beijing airport to agree to discussions on border disputes
Attends Ho Chi Minhs funeral & assures Van Dong China will provide weapons
Reassures Van Dong China will continue to provide weapons. Attends Ho Chi Minhs funeral
Informed Washington will open talks with China & support its admittance to the UN
The Vietnam Moratorium Committee lead a march of 250,000 in Washington DC
Faces massive anti war demonstrations in Washington
Talks begin between Russia & China at Beijing to resolve border disputes
Russo helps reproduce Pentagon Papers documents that Ellsberg intends to circulate beyond authorized government channels.
Ellsberg begins secretly reproducing portions of the classified Pentagon Papers while associated with RAND.
The monthly sortie rate is reduced to 1,400
Russo assists Ellsberg with reproduction of classified Pentagon Papers material during the copying operation.
Ellsberg reproduces classified study materials outside normal government channels as he prepares copies for possible disclosure.
Nixon makes a TV speech appealing for the silent majority support
Appeals to the silent majority for support of Vietnamization
Says US withdrawal would be a disaster for world peace. Appeals to the "silent majority"
Breaks the story of the My Lai massacre
Moratorium demonstration of 500,000 in Washington DC
Faces anti-war demonstrations following the revelation of the My Lai massacre
Arrives in Vietnam to lead an investigation into the My Lai Massacre
Leads CIA-supported attacks around the Plain of Jars
Leads a major offensive that retakes positions on the Plain of Jars
Authorizes the secret "Menu" bombings of communist base areas in Kampuchea
Appointed Chief Negotiator at the Paris Peace Conference
Claims Russian help in ending the Vietnam War will bring about an arms deal but fails
Briefs US policymakers on covert operations in Laos
Informed Washington will open talks with China & support its admittance to the UN. The USA begins to relax its embargo of China
Maintains Soviet diplomatic liaison with North Vietnam during the war
Helps shape US air and diplomatic policy toward Laos
Seymour Hersh publishes a story about the My Lai massacre of 500 civilians
With the assistance of his former RAND Corporation colleague, Anthony Russo, Ellsberg secretly made several sets of photocopies of the classified documents he had access to - these became known as the Pentagon Papers
Resigns after finding the Paris Conference unproductive
Continues US bombing operations in Laos as part of the Vietnam War
Continues large-scale bombing operations in Laos during the Vietnam War
Appointed Secretary of State
Appointed Secretary of State for Defence
Sent to Moscow to discuss the control of strategic weapons
The USA begins to relax its embargo of China
Challenges North Vietnamese and Viet Cong use of Cambodian territory
Invents the term "Vietnamization" to cover American troop withdrawals
Puplishes article in "Foreign Affairs"
Conducts secret talks with Le Duc Tho
Meets Henry Kissinger in secret negotiations
Begins secret talks in Paris with Le Duc Tho
Publicly addresses US policy and involvement in Laos
Demands Vietnamese communist forces leave Cambodian territory
Leads the government as the National Assembly removes Sihanouk while abroad
In Moscow asks Russia to press North Vietnam to remove troops from Kampuchea
The Kampuchean National Assembly votes to depose Sihanouk by 92 votes to 0
Removed from power by the Cambodian National Assembly while abroad
Fights communists until "victory or death" against "stooges of American imperialism"
Publicly alleges that the United States is fighting a secret tribal war in Laos
Leads to civil war in Kampuchea & US bombing of Khmer Rouges strongholds
Orders airports and borders closed against Vietnamese communist movement
Announces further US troop withdrawals from Vietnam
United States and South Vietnamese forces enter Cambodia against communist base areas
Commands US forces during the Cambodia campaign
Supports South Vietnamese operations into Cambodia against communist sanctuaries
Announces US & South Vietnamese forces have attacked communist sanctuaries in Kampuchea
Announces US and South Vietnamese operations into Cambodia
Announces that US and South Vietnamese forces are entering Cambodia
Decides to expand US ground operations into Cambodia
US forces begin operations against North Vietnamese sanctuaries in the Fishhook area
Sends the Ohio National Guard to Kent during antiwar protests
Kent State shootings follow nationwide protests over the Cambodia incursion
Killed by Ohio National Guard gunfire at Kent State University
Visits the Lincoln Memorial early in the morning and speaks with antiwar protesters
Responds to allied incursions against communist base areas in Cambodia
Appointed to chair the President's Commission on Campus Unrest
Keeps Britain outside direct military participation in Vietnam after taking office
Co-sponsors Senate action to restrict funds for US ground troops in Cambodia
Le Duc Tho & Kissinger meet in Paris for 3rd round of talks
Becomes chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Ends service as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Co-sponsors an amendment calling for US withdrawal from Vietnam
Proposes legislation requiring withdrawal of US troops from Vietnam by the end of the year
Proposes a standstill ceasefire and a five point peace plan for Indochina
Goes on trial for charges connected with the My Lai massacre
Commands the ground assault force during the Son Tay raid
Commands the ground assault force in the Son Tay prisoner rescue raid
Commands the joint task force for the Son Tay raid
US forces raid Son Tay prison camp in North Vietnam to rescue prisoners of war
Helps manage secret bombing and diplomatic strategy connected with Cambodia and Vietnam
Tries to persuade sympathetic senators to release the Pentagon Papers
Is approached by Daniel Ellsberg about releasing the Pentagon Papers
Chairs the Senate Foreign Relations Committee during Vietnam War debates
Commands US forces in Vietnam during Vietnamization and the Cambodia campaign
Presses for scrutiny of secret US involvement in Laos
Leads South Vietnamese forces in operations in Cambodia
The Liberation Route route extends past Siem Prang and reaches the Mekong River near Stung Treng. Hanoi also creates the 470th Transportation Group to manage the flow of men and supplies to the new battlefields in Kampuchea, the new "Liberation Route"
Keeps Soviet political and military aid flowing to North Vietnam
Leads to civil war in Kampuchea & US bombing of Khmer Rouges strongholds. Attacks on north Vietnamese sanctuaries bring Kampuchea into the war with south Vietnam
Oversees US embassy coordination of the war in Laos
Ellsberg says he tries to furnish Pentagon Papers material to Senator J. William Fulbright in hopes of congressional disclosure.
Ellsberg says he tries to furnish Pentagon Papers material to former Senator Charles Goodell while seeking official disclosure.
The 559th Group is made the equivalent of a Military Region during 1970 and was once again placed under the command of General Dong Sy Nguyen
Defends the CIA-backed Hmong base at Long Tieng during heavy fighting
Ellsberg approaches Senator George McGovern as part of his effort to have elected officials disclose the classified study.
Le Duc Tho & Kissinger meet in Paris for 3rd round of talks. Le Duc Tho replaces Xuan Thuy in Paris for the 2nd round of talks Feb-Apr
Commands Hmong forces in campaigns to retake positions in northern Laos
Fulbright is among the senators Ellsberg says he approached while seeking congressional release of the Pentagon Papers.
Goodell becomes part of Ellsberg's unsuccessful effort to use political channels before wider press publication.
McGovern is approached as Ellsberg searches for a senator willing to make the classified study public.
Goodell is among the political figures Ellsberg says he tried to furnish with Pentagon Papers material.
Ellsberg seeks a way to make the classified history public through elected officials before turning to the press.
The Laotian towns of Attopeu and Saravane, at the foot of the Bolovens Plateau were seized by the North Vietnamese
The Laotian towns of Attopeu and Saravane, at the foot of the Bolovens Plateau were seized by the North Vietnamese
Expands North Vietnamese logistics through Laos despite US interdiction
For 15 days, the Times was prevented from publishing its articles by court order requested by the Nixon administration, meanwhile, Ellsberg leaks the documents to The Washington Post and 17 other newspapers. Ellsberg releases the documents to New York Times correspondent Neil Sheehan & On Sunday, June 13, 1971, the Times publishes the first of nine excerpts and commentaries on the 7,000 page collection
Commands airborne forces during Operation Lam Son 719
Commands US support elements connected with Operation Lam Son 719
Commands ARVN infantry forces in Operation Lam Son 719
Commands 17,000 ARVN troops to cut off Viet Cong supply lines
Launched to block the Viet Cong supply lines & prevent an invasion
Gives US air support for a south Vietnamese raid on the Ho Chi Minh trail
Orders South Vietnamese forces into Laos to attack the Ho Chi Minh Trail
Commands South Vietnamese marine forces during Operation Lam Son 719
Commands the South Vietnamese operation into Laos
Supports South Vietnamese operations in Laos without US ground troops crossing the border
Supports South Vietnamese operations against the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos
Commands South Vietnamese forces entering Laos during Operation Lam Son 719
Backs the South Vietnamese operation into Laos as a test of Vietnamization
Participates in White House planning and review of the Laos operation
Commands US support forces outside Laos for Operation Lam Son 719
Dies when a helicopter is shot down during coverage of Lam Son 719
US troops support South Vietnam in their invasion of Laos. The South Vietnamese are driven out with heavy casualties
North Vietnamese forces resist South Vietnamese operations in Laos
In February 1971, Ellsberg discussed the study with The New York Times reporter Neil Sheehan, and gave 43 of the volumes to him in March
William Calley is sentenced to life in prison, reduced to 20 yrs. Convicted by a military tribunal of killing civilians at My Lai
William Calley is sentenced to life in prison, reduced to 20 yrs
Lam captures Tchepone & destroys PAVN supply caches
Sheehan meets Ellsberg in March as the New York Times obtains access to the classified Vietnam study.
Ellsberg meets New York Times reporter Neil Sheehan in March after efforts to secure official disclosure fail.
Sheehan obtains extensive Pentagon Papers material that becomes the basis for the New York Times publication project.
Frees Lt William Calley after his conviction of killing civilians at My Lai
Nixon announces the withdrawal of a further 100,000 troops
Announces on TV that "Vietnamization has succeeded"
Vietnam veterans return medals & military decorations in anti war protests on Capitol
200,000 people attend an anti war demonstrations in Washington DC
Anti war protest in Washington DC
The monthly sortie rate is reduced to 1,000
The New York Times began publishing excerpts on June 13, 1971; the first article in the series was titled "Vietnam Archive: Pentagon Study Traces Three Decades of Growing US Involvement". The study was dubbed The Pentagon Papers during the resulting media publicity. Street protests, political controversy, and lawsuits followed
Leaked Pentagon Papers begin appearing in the New York Times
The New York Times begins publishing the Pentagon Papers
Sulzberger oversees the newspaper as the New York Times decides to publish material from the classified Pentagon Papers.
An account of the war commissioned by McNamara iitains leaked to the New York Times
The New York Times publishes security documents leaked to the press by Daniel Ellsberg
The New York Times publishes security documents leaked to the press by Daniel Ellsberg
The New York Times begins publishing its Pentagon Papers series based on material obtained by Sheehan.
Sulzberger's newspaper receives the Nixon administration demand that further publication of the Pentagon Papers stop.
Gurfein issues a temporary restraining order stopping further New York Times publication while the Pentagon Papers case is heard.
Seeks legal action to stop publication of the Pentagon Papers
Seeks to halt publication of the Pentagon Papers
Bradlee gathers reporters at his Georgetown home to review Pentagon Papers material and prepare stories for publication.
Bradlee receives access to a copy of the Pentagon Papers as the Washington Post prepares its own reporting.
Graham authorizes the Washington Post to publish Pentagon Papers material despite warnings about legal and financial risk.
Graham accepts the risk of government legal action and supports publication of the classified study.
Roberts joins the Washington Post team examining the Pentagon Papers at Bradlee's home before publication.
On June 18, 1971, The Washington Post began publishing its own series of articles based upon the Pentagon Papers; Ellsberg gave portions to editor Ben Bradlee
Bradlee supports continued publication as the Washington Post defends itself against the government's effort to stop the series.
The Washington Post begins its Pentagon Papers series after Graham approves publication.
Roberts writes for the Washington Post edition that begins publishing Pentagon Papers material.
Gesell refuses the government's request for an immediate injunction against further Washington Post publication.
Gesell hears the government's request to prevent the Washington Post from continuing its Pentagon Papers series.
Bradlee directs publication of the Washington Post's first Pentagon Papers stories.
Admits to delivering the Pentagon Papers to New York Times
Gravel uses a Senate subcommittee proceeding to place extensive Pentagon Papers material into a public congressional setting.
Gravel inserts the remaining Pentagon Papers material in his possession into the Senate subcommittee record.
Gravel reads portions of the Pentagon Papers during a meeting of a Senate subcommittee.
The Supreme Court ordered publication of the Times to resume freely (New York Times Co. v. United States). Although the Times did not reveal Ellsberg as their source, he went into hiding for 13 days afterwards, suspecting that the evidence would point to him as the source of the theft
White votes with the majority allowing publication while separately discussing possible criminal remedies after publication.
Douglas votes with the majority rejecting the government's effort to restrain publication of the Pentagon Papers.
Marshall votes with the majority in the Supreme Court decision permitting Pentagon Papers publication to continue.
Brennan votes with the majority allowing publication to continue and writes separately on the exceptionally narrow basis for prior restraint.
Joins the Supreme Court decision allowing publication of the Pentagon Papers
Blackmun dissents from the Supreme Court judgment that rejects the government's request for prior restraint.
Harlan dissents from the Supreme Court judgment in the Pentagon Papers prior-restraint case.
Burger dissents from the Supreme Court judgment allowing immediate continued publication of the Pentagon Papers.
Black votes with the six-justice majority allowing the New York Times and Washington Post to continue publishing the Pentagon Papers.
Graham's newspaper prevails with the New York Times when the Supreme Court allows Pentagon Papers publication to continue.
Sulzberger's newspaper wins the right to continue publication after the Supreme Court rejects the government's prior-restraint case.
Gurfein presides over the federal court dispute between the government and the New York Times over prior restraint.
Sheehan helps prepare the newspaper series that the Times labels the Vietnam Archive.
Links the opening to China with wider strategy over Vietnam
Wins re-election after opposition candidates withdraw or are excluded
Sets Feb 1, 1972 as the deadline for the removal of another 45,000 American troops. Nixon proclaims the end of any offensive role in Vietnam
Defends and manages the trail network during Lam Son 719
Provides political command support for North Vietnamese resistance to Lam Son 719
Helps direct North Vietnamese forces resisting Lam Son 719
Defends the Ho Chi Minh Trail logistics network during Lam Son 719
Commands North Vietnamese resistance to Operation Lam Son 719
Russo refuses to provide testimony sought by a federal grand jury investigating the Pentagon Papers disclosure.
Supports Soviet diplomatic backing for North Vietnam as fighting continues in Indochina.
The PAVN take Paksong and advance to Pakse, at the heart of the Bolovens Plateau region of Laos
Supports the South Vietnamese penetration of southern Laos
Sent by Kissinger to Laos to assess Operation Lamson. Reports South Vietnam has been routed & had failed to destroy the Ho Chi Minh trail
Leads the South Vietnemese forces which are sent into Laos
Ellsberg provides Pentagon Papers documents to Representative Paul McCloskey while continuing attempts to obtain congressional disclosure.
Senate defeats a bill co-sponsored by McGovern to bring all the GIs home by Dec 31
McCloskey's possession of study documents demonstrates that Ellsberg distributed material through congressional as well as press channels.
Sheehan works with Times colleagues reviewing the classified study and preparing a major series on United States Vietnam decision-making.
Federal prosecutors charge Russo in connection with the copying and disclosure of classified Pentagon Papers material.
McGovern remains associated with congressional efforts to challenge official Vietnam policy as the Pentagon Papers controversy develops.
Fulbright's Senate Foreign Relations Committee becomes closely associated with congressional scrutiny of Vietnam policy revealed by the Pentagon Papers.
McCloskey publicly acknowledges possessing Pentagon Papers documents supplied by Ellsberg.
The Supreme Court allows the publication of the Pentagon Papers to continue. Attempts to prevent further publications by researchers headed by Robert McNamara
The PAVN take Paksong and advance to Pakse, at the heart of the Bolovens Plateau region of Laos
The PAVN take Paksong and advance to Pakse, at the heart of the Bolovens Plateau region of Laos
Nixon announces an additional 72,000 troops will leave Vietnam
Nixon announce Kissinger has been secretly negotiating for peace in Paris
The 8 point peace proposal to north Vietnam is made public
Meets Mao & Zhou En-Lai bringing the period of US hostilities toward China to an end
Hanoi refuses concessions & launches the Easter Offensive
PAVN divisions strike across the DMZ and from Laos
Helps direct the North Vietnamese 1972 offensive
Backs the major conventional offensive against South Vietnam
The Viet Cong strike Quang Tri province, Kontum-Pleiku & Binh Long province. JCS increase the monthly sortie rate to 1,800
North Vietnam launches the Nguyen Hue Campaign as a major conventional offensive
PAVN opens coordinated attacks across northern South Vietnam
Commands communist forces in the southern theater during the offensive
Launches an offensive against growing North Vietnamese activity
Loc Ninh falls to North Vietnamese forces
PAVN forces capture Loc Ninh during the Easter Offensive
US bombers attack Hanoi, 1st raid on a North Vietnamese city by the US since 1968
Senate debates the bombing of Hanoi & refuses to support Nixon's policy in Vietnam
Haiphong is bombed
Bombers are ordered north for the 1st time since 1968
The monthly sortie rate is increased to 2,500
2,000 pound mines are dropped in Haiphong harbour
Oversees Navy support for mining North Vietnamese harbors
1st day of Operation Linebacker I, bombing north Vietnam
Nixon orders the mining of Dong Hoi
Nixon orders the mining of Hai Phong
Announces the mining of North Vietnamese harbors
Orders the mining of major north Vietnamese ports
Oversees Air Force operations as Operation Linebacker begins
Meets Richard Nixon while the Vietnam War and Linebacker bombing remain central issues
Arrives in Moscow for talks with Party Secretary Brezhnev
The New York Times & Washington Post can resume publication of the Pentagon Papers
The monthly sortie rate is increased to 3,150. Arc Light missions continue until the cessation of hostilities by all US forces on August 15, 1973
The Paris Peace talks resume
Negotiates with Henry Kissinger on a draft peace settlement
Nixon orders bombing to be halted north of 20 degrees latitude
Kissinger flies to Saigon to secure President Thieus signature to a peace agreement. Kissinger claims "peace was at hand"
Says peace is at hand after progress in negotiations with North Vietnam
Nixon halts bombing north of the Twentieth Parallel in anticipation of a truce
Announces US troop reduction to 45,000 in Vietnam
The North Vietnamese walk out of the Paris peace conference
Nixon ultimatum to NV to resume negotiations or "suffer the consequences"
"Christmas bombing" Dec. 17-30 - most intense bombing campaign of the war
Nixon orders a 3 day bombing offensive against Hanoi-Haiphong, Operation Linebacker II
Nixon orders a 3 day bombing offensive against Hanoi-Haiphong, Operation Linebacker II
Orders Operation Linebacker II bombing of North Vietnam
Hanoi agrees to Nixon's conditions for reopening peace negotiations
Operations north of the Twentieth Parallel cease, 729 sorties have ben flown & 15 planes lost
Orders B52s to bomb Hanoi & Haiphong
26-30 December, massive air bombing of military installations in North Vietnam
Commands Strategic Air Command during the Linebacker II bombing campaign
Hanoi agrees to Nixon's conditions for reopening peace negotiations
Supports continued Soviet military resupply to North Vietnam during heavy US bombing
Continues heavy US air operations in Laos as negotiations and fighting continue
Appointed Commander of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam
Negotiates the Paris Peace Settlement with Le Duc Tho
Kissinger TV press conference Oct. 26 - "peace is at hand"
Dismissed as the Commander of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam
Nixon retaliates with the heaviest bombardments of the War & mines the Norths harbors
US troops in Vietnam fall from 542,000 in Jan 1969 to 45,600 by July 1972. Despite Nixon's threats he withdraws US troops, by June 1972 47,000 are left
Links Laos policy to wider Vietnam negotiations
Condemns US bombing and mining of North Vietnam during 1972
The USA only has 65,000 troops in Vietnam to contain the Viet Cong offensive. Giap leads the Nguyen Hue Campaign, intended as the decisive invasion of the war
Seeks a Lao settlement as the wider Vietnam peace talks advance
Defends Hmong positions as North Vietnamese and Pathet Lao pressure continues
Halts the US offensive in Vietnam
The Paris Peace Agreement is signed. The Paris Accords specify a ceasefire but do not delineate territorial boundaries
Peace Accords are signed with North Vietnam
The Paris Peace Agreement is signed
Hanoi & Washington impose an agreement on Saigon
Allows for the release of US POWs & withdrwawl of all US forces from Vietnam. Agrees a cease-fire with Kissinger
The United States ends conscription and moves to an all-volunteer force
Paris agreement seeks to end foreign military interference in Indochina
Signs the Paris Peace Accords for the United States
Announces the signing of the Paris Peace Accords ending direct US combat involvement
Welcomes the Vietnam peace agreement while maintaining Soviet ties with Hanoi
Makes a peace agreement with Le Duc Tho
Provides for talks between Hanoi & Saigon which break up in April 1974. Makes provision for the release of US POWs & withdrawal of US forces from Vietnam
Signs the Paris Peace Agreement which allows South Vietnam its political sovereignty
Signs a cease-fire in Paris & calls it "peace with honor"
A truce goes into effect
Under the terms of the peace agreement the ICCS is to establish regional and sub-regional administrations based in the demilitarised zone below the Seventeenth Parallel. The International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS) was created at the Paris Peace Accords - signed by the US, the Vietcong, North Vietnam & South Vietnam
Thieu announces a "Popular Front" for peace & self-determination
Represents the Pathet Lao side in the peace settlement
Signs an agreement intended to restore peace and national reconciliation
The last ground troops are withdrawn from Vietnam
The Senate majority leader, Mike Mansfield, says: "The only way to face up to our responsibilities, the only way to do it effectively is to cut the purse strings"
The US Senate votes to cut off funds for the bombing of Kampuchea
The Armed Services Committee begins its hearings on the secret bombing of Kampuchea
American air operations intensify before the bombing halt
US bombing in Laos ends after years of covert and overt air operations
In accordance with the congressional prohibition the US stops bombing Kampuchea
US bombing in Laos ends during his ambassadorship
The final air strike against a target in Kampuchea during the War
United States bombing operations in Cambodia end
Under pressure from Congress, the Nixon administration finally ends the bombing of Kampuchea. The carpet bombing started covertly in 1970 to stop US enemies from Vietnam using Kampuchea as a base outraged the American public & crippled Kampuchea
Congress halts the attacks against the Khmer Rouge in Kampuchea
Named co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for Vietnam negotiations
Refuses the Nobel Peace Prize awarded for Vietnam negotiations
Congress overrides Nixon's veto of law limiting the Presidents right to wage war
Co-sponsors the War Powers Resolution in the House
Co-sponsors the War Powers Resolution limiting presidential war powers
Congress overrides his veto of the War Powers Resolution after Vietnam and Cambodia controversies
Appointed Ambassador of South Vietnam
Is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize with Henry Kissinger for the Paris Peace Accords but declines the prize.
The last ground troops are withdrawn from Vietnam. Conclusion of peace negotiations by Henry Kissinger & an end of US involvement
Presides over a coalition cabinet including Pathet Lao ministers
Heads the National Political Consultative Council in the coalition arrangement
Announces conditional clemency for Vietnam-era draft evaders and military deserters
The House of Representatives rejects Nixon's $474M increase in military aid to Saigon
Replaces General Giap after North Vietnams failure to capture South Vietnam
Declares that the war has begun again
The NV attack on Phuoc Long starts the 3rd Indochina War
The north make a succesful attack on Ban Me Thuot in the central highlands
Thieu decides to abandon all of the highlands, except the Ban Me Thuot region. Leads to a speedy collapse of resistance in the south & an end to the war
Meets with his commanders at Camranh & orders withdrawal from the Northern Provinces
Hue falls to the Communists
Danang falls to the Communists
Ordered by the Politburo in Hanoi to push toward Saigon
Supports the final military campaign that leads to reunification
Commands the final North Vietnamese offensive toward Saigon
Asks Congress for emergency aid for South Vietnam
The Khmer Rouge attack Phnom Penh
The American Ambassador & his staff are evacuated by helicopter from Phnom Penh
The Khmer Rouge capture Phnom Penh
Becomes president after Nguyen Van Thieu resigns
Captures the last South Vietnamese defense line before Saigon
The President of South Vietnam is forced to resign accusing the United States of betrayal. The communist Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) has said President Thieu must step down before any peace talks with Saigon could begin.
Says US Secretary of State Kissinger had tricked him into signing the Paris Peace Agreement two years ago, promising military aid which failed to materialise.
Nine days after Nguyen Van Thieus resignation, the Vietnam war ends with the fall of Saigon
On TV & radio address, outgoing President Nguyen Van Thieu says his forces failed to stop the advance of the Vietcong because of lack of funds promised to him by the USA.
Resigns as South Vietnam collapses under the final offensive
North Vietnamese troops have surrounded Saigon and military expert are predicting the city will fall within weeks if not days. 5 divisions of South Vietnamese infantry troops, a division of US Rangers & 2 brigades of US Marines in position around Saigon are outnumbered by more than 2 ro 1
Speaking in New Orleans says that the war is "finished"
Killed in a rocket attack at Tan Son Nhut during the final evacuation period
Commands one of the main forces attacking Saigon
Oversees the final US embassy evacuation from Saigon
Nine days after Nguyen Van Thieus resignation, the Vietnam war ends with the fall of Saigon
Faces the fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War
Sees North Vietnam victory as a success for a Soviet backed ally
Helps consolidate communist control in the South after Saigon falls
Represents the revolutionary government after the collapse of South Vietnam
Supports policy toward national reunification after the end of the war
Ambassador Graham Martin and 7100 US & SV personnel are evacuated
Orders South Vietnamese forces to surrender as Saigon falls
Orders South Vietnamese forces to surrender
Receives the surrender of Duong Van Minh at the presidential palace
North Vietnam achieves victory as Saigon falls
Celebrates communist victory after decades of war
Thieu escapes to begin a life in exile, in London, then in Boston
Pathet Lao forces complete their takeover of Vientiane after communist victories in Indochina
Approves the final campaign to defeat South Vietnam
Commands South Vietnamese II Corps during the collapse after Ban Me Thuot
Commands communist forces in the southern theater during the final offensive
Because of several years of border conflict and the flood of refugees fleeing Kampuchea, relations between Kampuchea and Vietnam collapse
Pol Pot, fearing a Vietnamese attack, orders a pre-emptive invasion of Vietnam. Despite American and Chinese aid, these Kampuchean forces were repulsed by the Vietnamese
Diplomatic relations breakdown between Kampuchea & Vietnam
Plays a key part in the invasion of Kampuchea
The Vietnamese invade Kampuchea, capturing Phnom Penh. The Vietnamese forces invaded Kampuchea along with the KUFNS, capturing Phnom Penh
Vietnam invades Kampuchea
The Vietnamese forced out Pol Pot & withdrew from Kampuchea 10 yrs later
Begins guerrilla warfare against the PRK Government
Despite a traditional Kampuchean fear of Vietnamese domination, defecting Khmer Rouge activists assisted the Vietnamese, and, with Vietnams approval, become the core of the new puppet Government
Despite its deposal, the Khmer Rouge retains its United Nations seat, which is occupied by Thiounn Prasith, an old compatriot of Pol Pot
The CPK led by Pol Pot withdrew its forces westwards, to an area near the Thai border, with unofficial protection from elements of the Thai Army
Death of Nguyen van Thieu
This authority page consolidates World History Database records into a readable chronology. The database rows are research-index entries; important claims should be checked against primary documents and specialist histories.