Germinal Insurrection Fails to Secure Bread
The unsuccessful demonstration in Germinal preceded Prairial and showed that popular demands for food and democratic rights remained unresolved.
Permanent historical records · Updated 2026-11-03
1795 in France — Page 5
Explore 234 historical events and records for France in 1795.
Historical records for France in 1795
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Girondin Deputies Reinstated
He supported the political rehabilitation of deputies excluded during the conflict with the Mountain, helping widen representation in the post Terror Convention.
Indirect legislative elections designed Council of Ancients
The Directory's constitution relied upon primary and electoral assemblies rather than direct mass elections to the councils. The system narrowed democratic participation compared with the Jacobin constitution that had never been implemented.
Indirect selection of lower-council deputies Council of Five Hundred
The electoral system relied on departmental electoral assemblies chosen through primary voting. Members of the Five Hundred therefore emerged from an indirect and property-conditioned political process.
Insurgent Pressure Produces Temporary Decrees
The presence of armed protesters allowed radical demands to influence proceedings temporarily, but those measures did not survive restoration of order.
Insurgents March Toward Convention
On 20 May demonstrators entered the political center demanding subsistence and the restoration of the suspended democratic constitution.
La Revelliere-Lepeaux enters Ancients Council of Ancients
La Révellière-Lépeaux took a seat in the Council of Ancients before his elevation to the Executive Directory. His passage through the new legislature illustrated the constitutional process of selecting Directors.
Le Tourneur becomes fifth Director Council of Ancients
The new legislature completed its initial executive selection with the appointment of Le Tourneur. The result allowed the Directory to commence collective government under the Constitution of Year III.
Lower chamber of five hundred established Council of Five Hundred
The Constitution of Year III created a lower legislative chamber of five hundred deputies. Its size was intended to provide wider deliberation while a smaller council reviewed its decisions.
Luxembourg government separates from legislature Council of Ancients
After the Directors were appointed, the executive established itself at the Luxembourg Palace rather than within the council chambers. Separate premises symbolized the constitutional attempt to divide governing powers.
Luxembourg Palace Becomes Executive Center
The Directors worked at the Luxembourg Palace, creating a visible institutional separation between executive business and parliamentary debate.
Marriage qualification for Ancients Council of Ancients
The Constitution of Year III restricted membership of the Council of Ancients to married or widowed men. This provision reflected contemporary assumptions that domestic responsibility fostered political prudence.
Military patronage under new Directory Barras
Barras maintained strong connections with military officers after the constitutional transition. His influence over appointments exemplified the growing importance of generals to the fragile republican executive.
Minimum age for younger deputies fixed Council of Five Hundred
Members of the Council of Five Hundred had to be at least thirty years old. The lower age threshold distinguished the chamber from the Council of Ancients and was meant to broaden participation among experienced citizens.
Ministerial responsibility shaped by separation of powers Council of Five Hundred
The Directory appointed ministers while the Five Hundred proposed laws and scrutinized public needs. Ministers did not simply sit in the legislature as members of a parliamentary cabinet.
Montagnard Deputies Back Protest Demands
Romme and several colleagues were implicated in the movement after radical deputies supported demands raised while the chamber was under pressure.
Move into Luxembourg Palace Barras
The Directors established their working headquarters at the Luxembourg Palace. Barras's presence there became associated with the ceremonial and social life of the new executive government.
National Convention
Appointed President of the National Convention
National Convention
Appointed President of the National Convention
National Education and Knowledge Institutions Expand
Gregoire contributed to revolutionary debates about public instruction and preservation of learning as the Convention reshaped France's educational institutions.
National Guards Reassert Convention Authority
Forces loyal to the Convention intervened against demonstrators and helped reestablish control of the parliamentary buildings.
New Council of Ancients Established
Sieyes participated in debates about the institutional settlement that assigned legislative review to an upper council under the Constitution of Year III.
New York Engineering Appointment
Takes responsibility for major civic and defence engineering work.
Northern Forces Secure Occupied Positions
Moreau and other commanders helped consolidate French positions after the northern advance transformed the political map of the Low Countries.
Official opening of lower chamber Council of Five Hundred
The Council of Five Hundred began legislative business in the autumn after the Convention's dissolution. Its members had to establish parliamentary procedures for a constitution unfamiliar with two separate chambers.
One-third annual renewal prescribed Council of Five Hundred
The constitution required one third of the Five Hundred to be replaced at each annual election. Supporters hoped staggered turnover would preserve institutional continuity while allowing political adjustment.
Paris Sections Prepare New Protest Movement
Militants in the eastern districts of Paris organized around demands for bread and the Constitution of 1793 before the Prairial rising.
Post Thermidor Court Operates Under New President
Dobsen presided over the Revolutionary Tribunal after the Robespierrist collapse. The court continued under a changing political regime that increasingly investigated former officials.
Prairial Defendants Receive Death Sentences
Romme and other accused deputies were condemned after the insurrection, signaling the governments intention to prevent another radical challenge.
Preparations against royalist sections Barras
When royalist sections challenged the Convention during Vendémiaire, Barras received responsibility for its military defense. Government leaders assembled troops and artillery to confront the approaching insurgents.
Presidency of the National Convention Barras
Barras served as president of the Convention during February 1795. The office required him to manage deliberations as the Republic struggled with food shortages and factional agitation.
President of France
Appointed President of the National Convention
President of France
Appointed President of the National Convention
Proposal for Constitutional Jury
Sieyes advocated a constitutional jury capable of reviewing threats to the constitution, but the Assembly declined to adopt his proposed safeguard.
Radical Deputies Defend Constitution of Year One
Gilbert Romme and other Montagnard deputies supported demands for the democratic Constitution of 1793, which had never been implemented.
Radical Faubourg Resistance Continues
After the initial confrontation, militants in the eastern Paris neighborhoods continued to resist disarmament and government authority.
Recognition in Convention debates
Deputies invoked Carnot's reputation as an organizer of victory when his conduct during the Terror came under attack.
Refusal of Foreign Minister Position
Sieyes also refused a foreign affairs portfolio, preferring a position outside the executive at the beginning of the Directory.
Refusal of western infantry posting Bonaparte
After his Italian command prospects deteriorated, Bonaparte resisted reassignment to an infantry post against western insurgents. His uncertain status reflected the instability of military appointments after Thermidor.
Rejection of Directorial Appointment
When offered a seat among the five Directors, Sieyes declined the executive office despite his prominence in establishing the new political order.
How these records were prepared
Generated from the World History Database historical_events table. Identical display records are collapsed; descriptions otherwise retain the stored text. Coverage and source quality vary. Check primary and specialist sources before citing individual historical claims.