Permanent year factsheet

Great Britain in 1901

Historical records for Great Britain in 1901, rendered directly from the World History Database and ordered by month, day and event.

64Records
51Events
32Named people
23Places
15Categories

Historical records

January

8 January 1901Paris Oil Concession MeetingWilliam Knox D'Arcy

Paris · Government / Liberal Party Government

Meets Antoine Kitabgi in Paris and agrees in principle to seek a Persian petroleum concession.

14 January 1901Health of VictoriaVictoria

Isle of Wight · Science / Medicine

Victoria collapses at Osborne House

22 January 1901Death of VictoriaVictoria

Isle of Wight · House / House of Saxe-Coburg

Death of Victoria, at Osborne House, longest & oldest British monarch

27 January 1901Field-MarshalEdward VII

House / House of Saxe-Coburg

Appoints his cousin Kaiser Wihelm II of Germany as a Field-Marshal in the British Army

January 1901DefectionWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Conservative Party Government

Lunches with Herbert Gladstone to discuss seats for himself as a Liberal MP

February

6 February 1901Battle of ChrissiesmeerHorace Lockwood Smith-Dorrien

Chrissiesmeer · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Smith-Dorrien withstands Botha's night attack at Chrissiesmeer and retains control of his position.

18 February 1901SpeechWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

London · Government / Conservative Party Government

Churchill makes his maiden speech in the House of Commons

28 February 1901Middelburg Peace TalksHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

Middelburg · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Offers terms that Boer leaders reject.

April

April 1901British Diplomatic Support for ConcessionWilliam Knox D'Arcy

Tehran · Government / Liberal Party Government

Receives active diplomatic support from British minister Sir Arthur Hardinge during negotiations in Tehran.

May

28 May 1901D'Arcy Oil Concession SignedWilliam Knox D'Arcy

Tehran · Government / Liberal Party Government

Receives a sixty-year concession granting extensive rights to explore, produce, transport and market Persian petroleum.

28 May 1901Northern Provinces Excluded from ConcessionWilliam Knox D'Arcy

Tehran · Government / Liberal Party Government

Accepts exclusion of five northern Persian provinces from the concession to reduce conflict with Russian interests.

28 May 1901Persian Royalty Terms AgreedWilliam Knox D'Arcy

Tehran · Government / Liberal Party Government

Agrees cash, share and sixteen-percent profit terms with the Persian government under the oil concession.

29 May 1901Battle of VlakfonteinHenry William Armstrong

Vlakfontein · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Armstrong is killed during the intense fighting between Dixon's column and Boer commandos at Vlakfontein.

29 May 1901Battle of VlakfonteinHenry Grey Dixon

Vlakfontein · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Dixon reorganizes his force after the Boer charge at Vlakfontein and recovers the captured guns.

May 1901HMS Immortalité Command AssumedSackville Hamilton Carden

Sheerness · Warfare / Military

Carden takes command of HMS Immortalité, the seagoing tender to Wildfire at Sheerness.

May 1901Sheerness Tender Duties BeginSackville Hamilton Carden

Sheerness · Warfare / Military

As captain of Immortalité, Carden performs seagoing tender duties for the Sheerness flagship establishment.

June

14 June 1901Methods of BarbarismHenry Campbell-Bannerman

London · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Condemns British methods in South Africa as barbarism.

July

31 July 1901Historical eventRobert Falcon Scott

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott is given overall command, and is promoted to the rank of Commander before Discovery sailed for the Antarctic

31 July 1901Discovery ExpeditionRobert Falcon Scott

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Scott is given overall command, and is promoted to the rank of Commander before Discovery sailed for the Antarctic. Despite an almost total lack of Antarctic or Arctic experience within the 50-strong party, there was very little special training in equipment or techniques before the ship set sail

August

6 August 1901Discovery ExpeditionRobert Falcon Scott

Isle of Wight · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The Discovery sets sail from the Isle of Wight

6 August 1901Discovery ExpeditionRobert Falcon Scott

Cowes · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Discovery sails from Cowes on the British National Antarctic Expedition under Scott's command

September

7 September 1901Boxer ProtocolErnest Satow

Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Signs the Boxer Protocol while Britain is still fighting in South Africa.

7 September 1901ExecutionErnest Satow

Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

The protocol orders the execution of 10 high-ranking officials linked to the outbreak and other officials who were found guilty for the slaughter of Westerners in China

17 September 1901Battle of ModderfonteinSandeman

Modderfontein · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Sandeman rallies C Squadron of the 17th Lancers as Smuts's commando attacks their exposed camp from several directions.

30 September 1901Battle of MoedwilRobert George Kekewich

Moedwil · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Kekewich directs the defence of his camp at Moedwil and is wounded during the Boer attack.

October

30 October 1901Battle of BakenlaagteBenson Benson

Bakenlaagte · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Is mortally wounded during Botha's victory.

November

29 November 1901Discovery ExpeditionRobert Falcon Scott

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The Discovery arrives in New Zealand

December

21 December 1901Discovery ExpeditionRobert Falcon Scott

Lyttleton · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

The Discovery sets sail from Lyttleton, New Zealand

25 December 1901Battle of GroenkopG A Williams

Groenkop · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Williams commands the Imperial Yeomanry camp at Groenkop when De Wet launches a surprise Christmas attack.

Other Events

1901Pretoria ConventionHoratio Herbert Kitchener

Middelburg · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Boer leaders sign the Pretoria Convention restoring Transvaal self-government.

1901Barbed-Wire Barrier Network ExpandedHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

South Africa · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Links fortified positions with extensive wire barriers intended to restrict commando movement.

1901Blockhouse SystemHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

South Africa · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Builds blockhouses to restrict Boer commando movement.

1901Boer Prisoner Deportations ExpandedHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

South Africa · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Expands removal of captured Boer fighters to overseas prisoner camps to prevent their return to the field.

1901Civilian Camp Administration ReviewedHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

South Africa · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Reviews camp administration as disease and mortality create growing criticism of British policy.

1901Concentration CampsEmily Hobhouse

Bloemfontein · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Reports suffering in British concentration camps.

1901Concentration CampsHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

South Africa · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Expands camps for Boer civilians and African refugees.

1901Discovery ExpeditionMichael Barne

Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Appointed by Scott as Second Lieutenant to the Polar Expedition

1901Discovery ExpeditionErnest Henry Shackleton

Antarctica · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Joins Scott's Discovery Expedition, his first Antarctic expedition

1901Discovery of South PoleEdward Wilson

South Pole · Exploration / Exploration and Discovery

Joins Scotts expedition, the team fail to reach the Pole because of scurvey

1901Factory ActsSidney James Webb Passfield, 1st

London · Politics / Fabian Society

Author of the Factory Acts

1901Farm Clearance Programme IntensifiedHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

Orange River Colony · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Intensifies clearance of farms and supplies intended to deny support to Boer commandos.

1901First Men in the MoonHerbert George Wells

Arts / Literature

Publication of "First Men in the Moon"

1901Invention of HydrogenationWilliam Normann

Science / Chemistry

Invents the proces of hydrogenation

1901Invention of Vacuum CleanerHubert Cecil Booth

Science / Technology

Invents the vacuum cleaner

1901KimRudyard Kipling

Arts / Literature

Publication of "Kim"

1901Labour Representation Committee (LRC)Allen Gee

Politics / Labour Party

Appointed Chairman of the LRC

1901Labour Representation Committee (LRC)James Ramsey MacDonald

Politics / Labour Party

Support for the LRC is boosted by the Taff Vale Case, a dispute between strikers and a railway company that ended with the union being ordered to pay £23,000 damages for a strike

1901Labour Representation Committee (LRC)James Ramsey MacDonald

Politics / Labour Party

The acquiescence to the Taff Vale Case of the Conservative Government to business interests (traditional allies of the Liberal Party in opposition to the Conservative's landed interests) intensified support for the LRC against a government that appeared to have little concern for workers

1901Large-Scale Drives IntroducedHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

Transvaal · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Uses sweeping columns to push Boer commandos toward fortified lines and defended railways.

1901League ChampionshipTom Watson

Liverpool · Sport / Football

Guides Liverpool to the club's first Football League title.

1901London County CouncilJames Ramsey MacDonald

Politics / Labour Party

Appointed Member of London County Council

1901Mounted Column Operations ExpandedHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

Transvaal · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Expands mobile mounted columns to pursue Boer commandos across large areas of the Transvaal.

1901Peace Terms Reopened with Boer LeadersHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

South Africa · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Maintains intermittent contact with Boer leaders while military pressure continues against remaining commandos.

1901Persian Oil Concession ApplicationWilliam Knox D'Arcy

London · Government / Liberal Party Government

Develops an application for extensive petroleum rights in Persia after discussions with Kitabgi.

1901Railway Blockhouse Lines ExtendedHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

South Africa · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Extends fortified lines along railways to secure communications and divide guerrilla operating areas.

1901Reform of Workplace ConditionsSidney James Webb Passfield, 1st

London · Politics / Fabian Society

Author of the Factory Acts

1901Resignation of Winston Leonard Spencer ChurchillWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Government / Conservative Party Government

Resigns from the Conservatives & joins the Liberals on the issue of free trade

1901Scorched Earth PolicyHoratio Herbert Kitchener Khartoum

Transvaal · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Uses farm burning and camps to undermine Boer commandos.

1901Sweeps Against CommandosIan Standish Monteith Hamilton

Transvaal · Warfare / Boer War, 2nd

Leads mobile sweeps against Boer commandos.

1901Taff Vale CaseJames Ramsey MacDonald

Politics / Labour Party

Support for the LRC is boosted by the Taff Vale Case, a dispute between strikers and a railway company that ended with the union being ordered to pay £23,000 damages for a strike

1901Taff Vale CaseJames Ramsey MacDonald

Politics / Labour Party

The Taff Vale judgement effectively made strikes illegal since employers could recoup the cost of lost business from the unions

1901Taff Vale CaseJames Ramsey MacDonald

Politics / Labour Party

The acquiescence to the Taff Vale Case of the Conservative Government to business interests (traditional allies of the Liberal Party in opposition to the Conservative's landed interests) intensified support for the LRC against a government that appeared to have little concern for workers

1901Thermionic Electron EmissionOwen Willans Richardson

Cambridge · Science / Physics

Establishes the temperature dependence of electron emission from heated metals, foundational for vacuum-tube electronics.

1901University of BirminghamJohn Henry Poynting

Birmingham · Science / Education

Serves as a leading physicist at the new University of Birmingham.

Names involved

Allen GeeBenson BensonEdward VIIEdward WilsonEmily HobhouseErnest Henry ShackletonErnest SatowG A WilliamsHenry Campbell-BannermanHenry Grey DixonHenry William ArmstrongHerbert George WellsHorace Lockwood Smith-DorrienHoratio Herbert KitchenerHoratio Herbert Kitchener KhartoumHubert Cecil BoothIan Standish Monteith HamiltonJames Ramsey MacDonaldJohn Henry PoyntingMichael BarneOwen Willans RichardsonRobert Falcon ScottRobert George KekewichRudyard KiplingSackville Hamilton CardenSandemanSidney James Webb Passfield, 1stTom WatsonVictoriaWilliam Knox D'ArcyWilliam NormannWinston Leonard Spencer Churchill

Places involved

AntarcticaBakenlaagteBirminghamBloemfonteinCambridgeChrissiesmeerCowesGroenkopIsle of WightLiverpoolLondonLyttletonMiddelburgModderfonteinMoedwilOrange River ColonyParisSheernessSouth AfricaSouth PoleTehranTransvaalVlakfontein

Provenance

This page is generated from stored World History Database records matching the exact country and year shown above. Exact duplicate display records are collapsed. Records without a month are listed after the monthly sections. Source provenance varies by record; formal academic citation should be checked against the relevant primary source, archive or specialist historical reference.