August 4 in History

Kills the elder Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham

Simon de Montfort is killed in battle, Edward III is restored to the throne

Spares the burghers of Calais after Philippa intercedes

Defeats Philip VI by biding time & overcoming superior forces, a truce is then signed. Calais falls after a year long siege

Calais falls after a year long siege, then signs a truce with Edward III

Calais falls after a year long siege, then signs a truce with Edward III

Launches raids into central France from Bergerac

Mary of Guise marries Louis d Orleans Duke of Longueville

The Danish garrison surrenders Kristianstad to Charles after a prolonged blockade.

The Danish garrison surrenders Kristianstad to Charles after a prolonged blockade.

The landing at Humlebaek threatens Copenhagen and forces Denmark toward the Treaty of Travendal.

Charles XII's army and fleet advance toward Copenhagen and force Denmark to seek peace.

Charles XII lands near Copenhagen with Anglo-Dutch naval support and forces Denmark toward peace.

Lands near Copenhagen with naval support and threatens Denmark's capital.

Augustus II loses Denmark as an active ally after Charles XII's landing on Zealand forces the Treaty of Travendal.

Leads landing troops during the capture of Gibraltar.

Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt directs the landing forces and claims Gibraltar for Archduke Charles.

Leake serves in the naval force that captures Gibraltar.

Leake serves with the Allied naval force that takes Gibraltar during the Mediterranean campaign.

Rooke commands the Anglo-Dutch fleet that captures Gibraltar for the Grand Alliance.

Rooke commands the fleet that captures Gibraltar for the Grand Alliance.

Shovell supports Rooke's fleet during the capture of Gibraltar from Bourbon Spain.

Shovell supports the naval operation that captures Gibraltar.

Diego de Salinas surrenders Gibraltar after bombardment and the landing of Allied troops.

Passes through London amid a large public and civic reception after returning from continental exile.

Returns to London from continental exile after arriving at Dover on 1 August, the day Queen Anne dies.

The Stuart Pretender should leave France as soon as the Treaty is signed. The fortifications of Dunkirk & Mardyk should be destroyed. Rebel subjects from Britain, France or Holland are not allowed asylum. France, Britain & Holland sign the Triple Alliance. France, Britain & Holland should support the articles of Utrecht

France, Britain & Holland sign the Triple Alliance

The Stuart Pretender should leave France as soon as the Treaty is signed. The fortifications of Dunkirk & Mardyk should be destroyed. No rebel subjects from Britain, France or Holland are allowed asylum. France, Britain & Holland sign the Triple Alliance. France, Britain & Holland should support the articles of Utrecht. Communicates the terms of the Triple Alliance to Philip V as soon as it is signed

Marries Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in Vienna.

Abolition of tithes reduced Church income and drew the peasantry more directly into the Revolution.

Artwork was produced and medallions struck to commemorate the event

Artwork was produced and medallions struck to commemorate the event.

Paris Mayor Jean-Sylvain Bailly declared that 'the National Assembly achieved more for the people in a few hours than the wisest and most enlightened nations had done for many centuries'.

Paris Mayor Jean-Sylvain Bailly declared that 'gthe National Assembly achieved more for the people in a few hours than the wisest and most enlightened nations had done for many centuries¿.

The August Decrees created fundamental change across the breadth of the nation. They stripped away the domination and privilege of the nobility, creating a society based on individualism, equality and merit.

The abolition of the tithe halved the income of the Church. The peasantry, previously kept at arm¿s length from the revolution, were now part of it. The Assembly¿s deputies were hailed as heroes and praised for their self sacrifice.

The response from the revolutionaries was as euphoric as the mood in the Assembly on August 4th.

Deputies feared the Great Fear would spread and threaten property, increasing pressure for a political response.

In the first days of August, the Bretons planned to rise in the Assembly and renounce certain feudal dues. This task was assigned to the Duke of Aiguillon, a radical nobleman, and Viscount de Noailles, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War

Liberal deputies from the Breton Club (the forerunner to the Jacobin movement) believed the peasants could only be calmed by a grand gesture from the Assembly, such as a partial surrender of feudal rights.

News of this rural violence electrified discussions among deputies of the Assembly. Dominated as they were by members of the bourgeoisie and liberal nobility, the majority of deputies were concerned that the Great Fear would spread further and pose a significant threat to property rights.

The Duke of Aiguillon and the Viscount de Noailles were assigned to propose renunciation of selected feudal dues.

With no means of suppressing the peasants by force, the Assembly's only avenue was to pacify them.

Artwork was produced and medallions struck to commemorate the event

Paris Mayor Jean-Sylvain Bailly declared that 'gthe National Assembly achieved more for the people in a few hours than the wisest and most enlightened nations had done for many centuries¿.

The August Decrees abolished tithes and other privileges, drawing the peasantry more directly into the Revolution.

The August Decrees created fundamental change across the breadth of the nation. They stripped away the domination and privilege of the nobility, creating a society based on individualism, equality and merit.

The abolition of the tithe halved the income of the Church. The peasantry, previously kept at arm¿s length from the revolution, were now part of it. The Assembly¿s deputies were hailed as heroes and praised for their self sacrifice.

The response from the revolutionaries was as euphoric as the mood in the Assembly on August 4th.

The Assembly begins abolishing feudal privileges on the night of 4 August, clearing the way for a declaration based on legal equality.

In the first days of August, the Bretons planned to rise in the Assembly and renounce certain feudal dues. This task was assigned to the Duke of Aiguillon, a radical nobleman, and Viscount de Noailles, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War

Liberal deputies from the Breton Club (the forerunner to the Jacobin movement) believed the peasants could only be calmed by a grand gesture from the Assembly, such as a partial surrender of feudal rights.

News of this rural violence electrified discussions among deputies of the Assembly. Dominated as they were by members of the bourgeoisie and liberal nobility, the majority of deputies were concerned that the Great Fear would spread further and pose a significant threat to property rights.

With no means of suppressing the peasants by force, the Assembly's only avenue was to pacify them.

In most cases these unruly peasants were responding to rumours that royalist bandits or mercenaries were sweeping the countryside. The weeks of revolt and destruction in rural areas that followed became known as the Great Fear (French, Grande Peur)

In most cases these unruly peasants were responding to rumours that royalist bandits or mercenaries were sweeping the countryside. The weeks of revolt and destruction in rural areas that followed became known as the Great Fear (French, Grande Peur).

In the worst areas peasants assaulted or chased away the owners of seigneurial rights, seized and burned feudal records and even burned down chateaux owned by noblemen.

The Great Fear spread peasant unrest across France and helped drive the Assembly toward the August reforms.

The context for the Assembly'gs August 4th reforms was the Great Fear: a disconnected but widespread series of peasant uprisings across France. From late July thousands of peasants had run amok in the countryside, disrupting work, intimidating property owners and causing some damage.

The National Assembly acclaimed Louis XVI as restorer of French liberty during the night when privilege was dismantled.

Debate over the declaration gives way temporarily to the dramatic abolition of feudal privileges during the August night session.

Sieyes opposed immediate abolition of clerical tithes without compensation during the August debates on privilege.

Beauharnais voted for abolition of privilege, legal equality and equal eligibility for public office during the August reforms.

Helps force the Turks to surrender after 1 week

The Turkish forces are forced to surrender after 1 weeks siege of Aboukir Castle

The Albert Goblet d'Alviella Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.

Begins the First de Theux Government in Brussels and serves as head of the Belgian government.

Becomes first chairman of Matica Slovenska.

After the defeat of Weissenburg Gramont resigns his office

Leads British troops in the final relief expedition.

De la Rey surrounds the Elands River post and subjects the garrison to sustained artillery and rifle fire.

Hore commands the isolated colonial garrison when De la Rey begins the siege of Elands River.

Creates a small Admiralty War Group of senior naval leaders to direct major strategic decisions after war begins.

Beatty's battlecruisers mobilise for North Sea operations as Britain enters the war against Germany.

Reports the British ultimatum demanding that Germany respect Belgian neutrality.

Germany declares war on Belgium. Belgium severs diplomatic relations with Germany

Explains to Parliament why the German invasion of Belgium has brought Britain into the European war.

French commands the BEF before the First Battle of Ypres.

The Admiralty signals Royal Navy ships and establishments to commence hostilities against Germany.

Germany declares war on Belgium

Germany declares war on Belgium

Germany suspends the Reichsbank's obligation to redeem banknotes in gold.

German troops cross the Belgian frontier and attack Liege

Visits George IV who supports the expedition to the South Pole despite immenent war

Commits Canada to war when Britain declares war on Germany.

Cox's brigade helps hold the defensive line during the Ottoman attack at Romani.

Chaytor's mounted riflemen counterattack Ottoman forces during the Battle of Romani.

Chauvel directs the ANZAC Mounted Division during the successful defence of Romani.

At a plenary meeting of the Party Central Committee Stalin is appointed editor of Rabochy i Soldat

The Guomindang Government recapture Nanchang & Chou En-Lai moves South toward Shantou

Nationalist forces retake Nanchang after the Communist-led uprising withdraws from the city.

Triumphant return to London after being the first woman to fly to Australia

Appointed Chief of Staff

Russian troops kill 200 strikers in Odessa

Metaxas establishes an authoritarian regime with the support of King George II.

George II supports Metaxas's suspension of parliamentary government.

Winner of the long jump Olympic Gold Medal

Metaxas suspends constitutional government and establishes the Fourth of August regime.

Kerensky develops his views through provisional government after 1917.

German troops concentrate on the Polish border after the Polish ultimatum to Danzig

Outlaws political parties

Poland orders Danzig to close its borders to east Prussia, Danzig complies

Assures the Chinese & Dutch at the Pacific War Council Britain will open the Burma Rd

Patton captures Rennes

Authorizes Patton to outflank the Germans at Caen

Authorizes Patton to turn into the Orleans gap toward the Seine & Paris

An attempt to outflank the Germans at Caen

Authorised by Bradley to turn into the Orleans gap toward the Seine & Paris

Wants Eisenhower to transfer "D-Day" from Marsailles to Brest, Eisenhower refuses

Endorses Bradleys order for Patton to clear Brittany with "minimum forces"

Appointed President of Finland

Resigns as President of Finland

Addresses the nation after reported attacks in the Gulf of Tonkin

The Kinks release You Really Got Me.

Creates the distorted guitar sound on You Really Got Me.

Pink Floyd release their debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn

Pink Floyd release the soundtrack album More for Barbet Schroeder's film

Begins secret contacts with North Vietnamese negotiators

Begins secret negotiations with Henry Kissinger

Deploys the Particles and Fields subsatellite from Endeavour before Apollo 15 leaves lunar orbit.

Pilots Endeavour during the service propulsion burn that sends Apollo 15 toward Earth.

Amin gives Ugandas 50,000 Asians (mostly Indians of Gujarati origin) 90 days to leave the country, following an alleged dream in which, he claimed, God told him to expel them

Is badly injured in the Rhodes car accident involving Robert Plant.

Is seriously injured in a car accident on Rhodes.

Returns Led Zeppelin to major British stages at Knebworth.

Completes the report on public sector pay comparability.

Receives the Clegg report on public sector pay comparability.

The Clegg Commission completes its report on pay comparability in the public sector

The Clegg Commission completes its report on pay comparability in the public sector

Bahonar becomes the second prime minister of the Islamic Republic after the 1979 revolution

Bahonar serves as prime minister in the Islamic Republic government

Bahonar serves as prime minister and secretary general of the Islamic Republic Party

Bahonar combines senior government office with leadership of the Islamic Republic Party

Bahonar becomes prime minister and leads the government until his assassination later in August

Bahonar takes office as prime minister before being assassinated later that month

Bahonar becomes prime minister under President Mohammad Ali Rajai

Bahonar is appointed prime minister under President Mohammad Ali Rajai

Bahonar becomes prime minister under President Mohammad Ali Rajai

Garcia Meza resigns as military support for his dictatorship collapses.

Accepts the comprehensive peace settlement with the government.

Signs the comprehensive Arusha peace accords.

Signs the Arusha Peace Agreement with the RPF.

The agreement provides for power sharing and military integration.

Accepts transitional power sharing and integration of armed forces.

RPF representation is planned within transitional institutions.

Receives refugees as Croatian forces overrun Serb-held Krajina.

Orders the Croatian offensive to retake Krajina.

Croatian forces invade the Serbian-held territory of Krajina seized by the Serbs in 1990

Releases Tour de France Soundtracks, the group's first full studio album since Electric Cafe.

Co-creates Tour de France Soundtracks around cycling, endurance and electronic rhythm.

The Spidla Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czech Republic.

Begins the Gross Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czech Republic.

Faces the Beirut port explosion and its political aftermath.

Deep Space Network commands restore full communications with Voyager 2 after its antenna is realigned to Earth.

Ukraine receives its first F-16 fighter aircraft.

Birth of Richard de Clare

Birth of Philippe II of Orleans, son of Philippe I

Birth of the "Queen Mother"

Birth of Mohammad Javad Bahona

Death of Guy de Baliol, killed at the Battle of Evesham

Death of Simon de Montfort, at the Battle of Evesham

Death of William Cecil

Killed at the Battle of Evesham fighting for the Barons, de Montforts standard bearer

Killed at the Battle of Evesham fighting for the Barons

Arrested by the victorious royalists for ransom

Killed in battle supporting the Earl of Leicester against Edward I

Edwards baronial adversaries, Leicester, Peter Montfort & Hugh Despenser are killed

Arrested by the victorious royalists for ransom

Arrested by the victorious royalists for ransom

Pleas for his life at Evesham, "Slay me not! I am Henry of Winchester your King". Henry escapes captivity from Simon de Montfort & joins his son Prince Edward

Killed at the Battle of Evesham fighting for the Barons

Arrested by the victorious royalists for ransom

Killed at the Battle of Evesham fighting for the Barons

The barons lose 180 knights, 220 squires, 2,000 English infantry & 5,000 Welsh infanty. Simon de Montfort is killed in battle, Edward III is restored to the throne. Killed at the Battle of Evesham fighting for the Barons. Escapes from Prince Edward under the cavalry led by Roger Mortimer

Killed at the Battle of Evesham

Cromwell routs Dorsetshire clubmen at Hambledon Hill

The outnumbered French are forced to defend the Lauter

The crown Prince surprises MacMahon on the Lauter River

Leads the Third Army in victory at Wissembourg.

German troops cross the Belgian frontier and attack Liege

Bethmann Hollweg protests Britain's decision to uphold Belgian neutrality and dismisses the 1839 guarantee as a 'scrap of paper' during the crisis over Germany's invasion.

Arrives in Stalingrad to assume command