1221
Marriage
Alexander II marries Joanna, sister of Henry III
On this date in world history
Browse historical events, births, deaths and battles recorded on December 18. Every item below is rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Alexander II marries Joanna, sister of Henry III
Breaks into the city of Rhodes
The First Fruits and Tenths Act diverts clerical revenues formerly linked to Rome to the English Crown.
Refusal to swear the succession oath becomes a grave political and religious offence.
Refusal to swear the succession oath is treated as treason against the king's authority.
The Act requires recognition of Anne Boleyn as Henry VIII's lawful wife and of her children as legitimate heirs.
The Oath to the Succession Act receives royal assent, requiring subjects to swear to the succession settlement.
The Oath to the Succession Act requires subjects to swear obedience to Henry VIII's succession settlement.
The Oath to the Succession Act requires subjects to swear to Henry VIII's succession settlement.
The Treasons Act receives royal assent and makes malicious denial of Henry VIII's supremacy punishable as high treason.
The Act makes it treason to deny maliciously the king's royal supremacy and lawful titles.
The Act makes resistance to the royal supremacy and succession settlement punishable as high treason.
The Treasons Act makes malicious denial of the king's royal supremacy and titles punishable as high treason.
The Treasons Act receives royal assent and creates new statutory offences of high treason.
The Treasons Act receives royal assent, reinforcing the succession settlement by criminalising opposition to Henry's authority.
The Commons impeaches Laud for high treason and attacks his religious policies.
Parliament investigates Wren’s enforcement of Laudian religious practices.
Charles assumes personal government when the twelve-year regency formally ends.
Charles assumes personal government when the twelve-year regency formally ends.
William III of Orange enters London after James II loses effective control of the capital.
A Treaty of Commerce is signed with Russia in Saint Petersburg
Publishes a fuller article on the political and legal issues surrounding the Prussian divorce bill.
Appointed President of Ecuador after overthrowing Antonio Borrero
Announces a British protectorate over Egypt after Ottoman entry into the First World War, changing the canal's sovereignty framework.
Appointed Commander in Chief
Appointed Commander in Chief
Elected a corresponding member of the Royal Society of Sciences at Göttingen.
Universum Film AG is founded, creating a major German studio structure.
Responds in the Commons to the Prime Minister’s statement at the end of the parliamentary year.
Succeeds Masaryk as president.
Appointed President of Venezuela after the death of Juan Vicente Gomez
Jodl initials Directive 21, the formal planning directive for Operation Barbarossa.
Issues Directive 21 finalizing orders for the invasion of Russia
Hitler signed War Directive No. 21 to the German High Command for an operation now codenamed "Operation Barbarossa" stating: "The German Wehrmacht must be prepared to crush Soviet Russia in a quick campaign". All preparations for the invasion of Russia are to be completed by 15th May 1941
Issues Directive 21 finalizing orders for the invasion of Russia. Hitler signed War Directive No. 21 to the German High Command for an operation now codenamed "Operation Barbarossa" stating: "The German Wehrmacht must be prepared to crush Soviet Russia in a quick campaign". All preparations for the invasion of Russia are to be completed by 15th May 1941
Hitler signed War Directive No. 21 to the German High Command for an operation now codenamed "Operation Barbarossa" stating: "The German Wehrmacht must be prepared to crush Soviet Russia in a quick campaign"
First meeting of the OSRD sponsored S-1 project, dedicated to developing fission weapons
OSRD research includes radar, guided missiles and fission weapons.
Directs wartime scientific projects including radar and early-warning systems.
OSRD sponsors radar, proximity fuze and nuclear research during the war.
OSRD coordinates weapons research while radar projects expand separately.
I participates in state visit connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Kennedy meets Macmillan at Nassau to resolve the Skybolt crisis and discuss a substitute nuclear system
Macmillan meets Kennedy at Nassau to negotiate continued British access to a strategic nuclear delivery system
Dia is removed during the political crisis with President Senghor
Tells the FBI that he was sure that Oswald was the rifleman he had seen
Tells the FBI that he was sure that Oswald was the rifleman he had seen
His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.
Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.
During the flight of Gemini VII, American astronauts Frank Borman and James A. Lovell set a duration record of fourteen days in Earth-orbit that holds for five years
During the flight of Gemini VII, American astronauts Frank Borman and James A. Lovell set a duration record of fourteen days in Earth-orbit that holds for five years
Barnum takes command under fire and helps direct Marine units during Operation Harvest Moon
Operation Baneberry releases radioactive material after an underground nuclear test
The US devalues the dollar by 7.9% & lifts the import surcharge
The US devalues the dollar by 7.9% & lifts the import surcharge
Nixon orders a 3 day bombing offensive against Hanoi-Haiphong, Operation Linebacker II
Nixon orders a 3 day bombing offensive against Hanoi-Haiphong, Operation Linebacker II
Orders Operation Linebacker II bombing of North Vietnam
Commands Strategic Air Command during the Linebacker II bombing campaign
Operations north of the Twentieth Parallel cease, 729 sorties have ben flown & 15 planes lost
Hanoi agrees to Nixon's conditions for reopening peace negotiations
Orders B52s to bomb Hanoi & Haiphong
26-30 December, massive air bombing of military installations in North Vietnam
Orders a 3 day bombing offensive against the Hanoi-Haiphong, Operation Linebacker II
Chen Yun supports the shift away from Cultural Revolution politics at the Third Plenum
Marries Asif Zardari
Receives Security Council support after Israel deports hundreds of Palestinians to southern Lebanon.
Introduces the Scotland Bill to the Commons, for a Scottish Parliament. Introduces the Scotland Bill, legislative powers for a Scottish Parliament
South Koreans elect a dissident as President & overthrow the political establishment and choose Kim Dae Jung, long-time pro-democracy campaigner
South Koreans elect a dissident as President & overthrow the political establishment and choose Kim Dae Jung, long-time pro-democracy campaigner
Introduces the Scotland Bill, legislative powers for a Scottish Parliament
Introduces the Scotland Bill, legislative powers for a Scottish Parliament
Introduces the Scotland Bill to the Commons, for a Scottish Parliament
South Koreans elect a dissident as President & overthrow the political establishment and choose Kim Dae Jung, long-time pro-democracy campaigner
Wins the Ballon d'Or after performances for Barcelona and Portugal.
Becomes the second Portuguese player receiving the award.
Passes new security legislation after the September attacks.
As agreed in the Paris Agreement, Iran voluntarily signs and implements the Additional Protocol to the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty
Kamal Kharrazi says, "We wont accept any new obligations. Iran has a high technical capability and has to be recognised by the international community as a member of the nuclear club. This is an irreversible path"
Kamal Kharrazi says, "We wont accept any new obligations. Iran has a high technical capability and has to be recognised by the international community as a member of the nuclear club. This is an irreversible path"
Kamal Kharrazi says, "We wont accept any new obligations. Iran has a high technical capability and has to be recognised by the international community as a member of the nuclear club. This is an irreversible path"
Voters approve a new constitution establishing elected institutions and decentralised provinces.
Morales wins the presidential election as the Movement Toward Socialism candidate.
Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Palestinian Hamas, reported 185 Israeli violations in the lull period
Is convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes.
Is convicted of genocide and other serious crimes.
Is convicted in the ICTR Military I case.
Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Palestinian Hamas, reported 185 Israeli violations in the lull period
The trial chamber initially sentences him to life imprisonment.
The trial chamber imposes a life sentence.
The trial chamber sentences him to life imprisonment.
Scores twice as Barcelona defeat Santos 4-0 to win the FIFA Club World Cup.
Marks the end of the U.S. military mission in Iraq.
Parliament passes the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act to create new anti-corruption oversight institutions.
Leaves Manchester United after two and a half seasons in charge.
Is impeached by the House of Representatives.
Presides over the House during the impeachment of Donald Trump.
Is impeached by the House of Representatives.
Resigns as Brexit minister.
Wins the Golden Ball after leading Argentina to the World Cup title.
Wins the Golden Glove after Argentina's championship campaign.
Coaches Argentina to its third FIFA World Cup title.
Scores eight goals for France, including three in the final, to win the Golden Boot.
Scores three goals against Argentina, becoming the second player with a World Cup final hat-trick.
Scores the opening goal as Real Madrid defeat Pachuca 3-0 in the Intercontinental Cup final.
Converts a penalty to complete Real Madrid's 3-0 Intercontinental Cup final victory over Pachuca.
Scores Real Madrid's second goal in the 3-0 Intercontinental Cup final victory over Pachuca.
Coaches Real Madrid to victory over Pachuca as the club secure their ninth world championship.
Birth of Franz Ferdinand
Birth of Willy Brandt
Birth of Keith Richards, later guitarist and songwriter of the Rolling Stones.
The only man in politics who has some control over the Scots. Death of John Pym. Allows the rise of the Independent Party
Death of poet and editor Alexander Tvardovsky.
Former president Enrique Hertzog Garaiz dies in Buenos Aires.
Death of Kirsty MacColl
A Jacobite rearguard victory over an English detatchment
Lal Singh leads a Sikh army against British-led forces at Mudki during the opening battles of the First Sikh War.
Holds Bastogne when it is besieged by the Germans
Commands US 101 Airborne Div & Combat Command B US 10th Armoured Division at Bastogne
Provenance
These entries are read from the World History Database date API and written into static HTML when the date pages are generated. Records may contain an exact day and month, person, country, place, event label and description. The database is continually reviewed and normalised; specialist or primary sources should be consulted for scholarly citation.
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