Siege of Lisbon
The Siege of Lisbon, from July 1 to October 25, 1147, was the military action that brought the city of Lisbon under definitive Portuguese control and expelled its Moorish overlords
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On this date in world history
July 21 in History
This permanent archive page contains 191 World History Database records for July 21, spanning 1147 to 2024. Recorded topics include Siege of Lisbon; Battle of Taillebourg; Rule of Ireland.
Total: 191Events: 156Births: 3Deaths: 2Battles: 29Coronations: 1Countries: 34
Events on July 21
Rule of Ireland
Oferred the opportunity by Henry II to colonize all wasteland in Ireland
Arrest of Roger Mortimer
Forced to surrender to the king at Shrewsbury, Mortimer is consigned to the Tower of London
Capture of Compiegne
Captures Compiegne
Roman Inquisition Established
Issues Licet ab initio, establishing a commission of six cardinals to judge cases of heresy and schism.
Guardian
Marches to Linlithgow to provide guardianship for Mary Queen of Scots
Guardian
Moves Mary to Stirling castle where she cannot be abducted by the English. Gathers a force of 7,000 at Stirling
Guardianship of Mary
Helps move Mary Queen of Scots to the security of Stirling Castle.
Mary Moved to Stirling
Protects the infant queen from possible English seizure.
Rule of Groningen
Groningen is captured by the Dutch & ruled for 30 yrs after the Battle of Jemmingen
Siege of Breda Begins
Frederick Henry opened the Dutch siege intended to recover Breda from Spanish control.
Surprise Attack on Breda
Henry Casimir led an unsuccessful cavalry attempt to surprise Breda before the formal siege.
Invasion of Poland
Invades the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and begins the Swedish Deluge
Livonian Offensive
Leads Swedish forces attacking from Livonia into the Commonwealth
Swedish Attack from Livonia
Faces Swedish forces attacking from Livonia and Pomerania
Swedish Invasion of Poland
Faces the Swedish invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Rule of Acadia
Under the Treaty of Breda the French retain French Acadia & French Guiana
Rule of Acadia
Under the Treaty of Breda France retains French Acadia
Rule of French Guiana
Under the Treaty of Breda the French retain French Acadia & French Guiana
Rule of Guiana
Under the Treaty of Breda France retains French Guiana
Rule of New Jersey
Under the Treaty of Breda England is awarded possession of New Jersey
Rule of New York
Under the Treaty of Breda England is awarded possession of New York
Treaty of Breda
The Treaty of Breda ends the war. The French retain French Acadia & French Guiana. The Dutch retain Pulo-Run & Dutch Guina. England gains New York & New Jersey
Treaty of Breda
Under the Treaty of Breda the French retain French Acadia & French Guiana. The Dutch retain Pulo-Run & Dutch Guiana. Negotiates the Treaty Ends of Breda which ends the war. England gains New York & New Jersey
Treaty of Breda
The French retain French Acadia and French Guiana. Ends the England-Netherlands War
Commonwealth
The Treaty stipulated to return Azov to the Ottomans, Taganrog and several Russian fortresses were to be demolished, while the Tsar pledged to stop interfering into the affairs of the Polishn Commonwealth
Independence of Poland
Promises in the Treaty of Pruth to withdraw from Poland & refrain from intervening in Polish affairs
Independence of Russia
Promises in the Treaty of Pruth to withdraw from Poland & refrain from intervening in Polish affairs
Pruth Campaign Defeat
Russian troops under command of Boris Sheremetev attemptto invade Moldova with the aid of Moldovan ruler Dimitrie Cantemir but are defeated by Grand Vizier Baltacþ Mehmet Pasa, in at Stanilesti
Rule of Azov
Russia returns Azov to the Turks
Treaty of Pruth
The Treaty stipulated to return Azov to the Ottomans, Taganrog and several Russian fortresses were to be demolished, while the Tsar pledged to stop interfering into the affairs of the Polishn Commonwealth. Ends the war between Russia & Turkey. Agrees to return Azov to the Turks & Charles XII to Sweden
Baptism
Baptised in Ajaccio Cathedral
Sieyes Project for Declaration of Rights
Sieyes presents a project for a declaration of rights during the Constituent Assembly's constitutional debates.
End of First Joseph Lebeau Government
The First Joseph Lebeau Government ends in Brussels, concluding this period as head of the Belgian government.
Victoria Law Courts
The Prince and Princess of Wales open the terracotta Victoria Law Courts.
Prime Minister of France
Appointed Prime Minister of France
Resignation of Georges Clemanceau
Resigns after a debate on the condition of the French Navy
Agadir Warning to Germany
Signals British willingness to defend its international position.
Border Settlement
Warns Germany not to endanger peace over Morocco during his Mansion House speech. The Germans call Lloyd-Georges Mansion House speech, "warning bordering on menace"
Mansion House Speech
Warns Germany against threatening British interests during the Agadir crisis.
Speech
The Germans call Lloyd-Georges Mansion House speech, "warning bordering on menace"
Recapture of Adrianople
Ottoman forces retake Adrianople from Bulgaria.
Recapture of Eastern Thrace
Ottoman forces recover Eastern Thrace.
Buckingham Palace Home Rule Conference
The Irish Home Rule conference opens at Buckingham Palace.
Conference of Buckingham Palace
1st day of the Irish Home Rule Conference in Buckingham Palace
End of Second Hannes Hafstein Ministry
The Second Hannes Hafstein Ministry ends, concluding this period as Minister for Iceland.
Home Rule
1st day of the Irish Home Rule Conference in Buckingham Palace
Independence of Great Britain
1st day of the Irish Home Rule Conference in Buckingham Palace
Independence of Ireland
1st day of the Irish Home Rule Conference in Buckingham Palace
Invasion of Serbia
The ten-point ultimatum was presented to Emperor Franz Joseph
Irish Home Rule
1st day of the Irish Home Rule Conference in Buckingham Palace
Prime Minister of Iceland
Appointed Prime Minister of Iceland
Sigurdur Eggerz Ministry
Begins the Sigurdur Eggerz Ministry and serves as Minister for Iceland.
July Days
Becomes head of a reorganised Provisional Government after the crisis.
July Days Repression
Uses the July Days aftermath to move against Bolshevik leaders.
Kerensky Offensive
The failed offensive helps clear his path to become prime minister.
Prime Minister of Russia
Appointed Prime Minister of Russia
Prime Minister of Russia
Becomes head of the Provisional Government after Lvov resigns.
Collapse of Yaroslavl Uprising
The anti-Bolshevik uprising associated with Savinkov collapses after sustained fighting and bombardment.
Minister of Food
Appointed Minister of Food
Capture of Limerick
Free State troops capture Waterford & Limerick from anti-treaty rebels
Capture of Waterford
Free State troops capture Waterford & Limerick from anti-treaty rebels
Free State
Free State troops capture Waterford & Limerick from anti-treaty rebels
Law for Protection of Republic
His government secures the Law for the Protection of the Republic after Rathenau's murder and a wider campaign of political violence.
Republic Protection Law Enacted
Promulgates the Law for the Protection of the Republic, strengthening penalties and powers against anti-republican organizations.
State Court for Republic
The new protection law creates a special State Court to hear serious anti-republican offences.
Succession
Succeeds as King of Romania, Rules under the regency of his uncle Prince Nicholas
Commissar
Appointed Commissar for Foreign Affairs, 1st term. A firm believer in collective security, Litvinov works very hard to form a closer relationship with France and Britain
Conference of Imperial
Opening day of the Ottawa Imperial Economic Conference
Imperial Economic Conference
Agrees Imperial preference following the adoption of protective tariffs by the British. 21 July-20 August, holds the Imperial Economic Conference
End of First Hodza Government
The First Hodza Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Second Hodza Government
Begins the Second Hodza Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.
Government-in-Exile
Leads the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in London.
Operation Sea Lion
Sets the latest date for "Sea Lion" as 15th September 1941
Dismissal
Stalin dismisses Timoshenko
Dismissal
Stalin dismisses Timoshenko
Landing at Buna
Horii's South Seas Detachment lands near Buna to begin the Japanese overland advance toward Port Moresby.
Arrest of Erwin von Witzleben
Witzleben is arrested after the failure of the July Plot
Arrest of Friedrich Fromm
Arrested by order of Heinrich Himmler
Chief of General Staff
Appointed Chief-of General Staff
Chief of General Staff
Appointed Chief-of General Staff
Commander of Eastern Front
Appointed Commander of the Eastern Front
Defense of Guam
Takashina commands Japanese forces on Guam as American troops land on the island.
Execution
Quirnheim is arrested with Olbricht Stauffenberg and Haeften and is executed by firing squad in the courtyard of the Bendlerblock
German Resistance
Quirnheim dies as one of the army officers executed for his part in the 20 July plot against Hitler
German Resistance
Witzleben is identified as one of the senior military figures connected to the failed conspiracy
Mobilization
Directs the Eastern front
Post Assassination Plot Briefings Resume
Jodl resumes operational duties after receiving minor injuries in the 20 July bomb attack.
Lynching
Villarroel is killed after crowds storm the presidential palace in La Paz.
President of Bolivia
Guillen Olmos becomes interim president after Villarroel's death.
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
The US Senate ratifies the NATO Treaty after 2 weeks of debate
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
The US Senate ratifies the NATO Treaty after 2 weeks of debate
Universal Suffrage
Paz Estenssoro's government establishes universal adult suffrage.
Accords of Geneva
The Viet Minh delegates did not wish to sign: they sceptical about the scheduled 1956 elections and reluctant to agree to the 17th parallel border, which would mean surrendering territory to the South. In the end the Viet Minh representatives signed on the instructions of Ho Chi Minh, who was himself under pressure from the Soviet Union and China
Accords of Geneva
The Viet Minh delegates did not wish to sign: they sceptical about the scheduled 1956 elections and reluctant to agree to the 17th parallel border, which would mean surrendering territory to the South. In the end the Viet Minh representatives signed on the instructions of Ho Chi Minh, who was himself under pressure from the Soviet Union and China
Geneva Agreements on Indochina
Concludes the Geneva phase after extensive Chinese diplomacy supporting negotiated ceasefires in Indochina.
Geneva Settlement
Dien Bien Phu victory strengthens Vietnam's position at Geneva
Government
The Big Four sign an agreement to end the Indochina War
Open Skies Proposal
Proposes reciprocal aerial reconnaissance over military installations to reduce the risk of surprise attack.
Promotion to Commander
Fidel Castro promotes Guevara to commander and places him in charge of a newly organized rebel column in the Sierra Maestra.
Promotion to Commander
Fidel Castro promotes Guevara to commander and places him in charge of the newly established Column 4.
Battalion 18 Surrenders
Castro accepts the surrender of Battalion 18 and captures approximately 240 soldiers.
Defeat at La Plata
Batista's government loses Battalion 18 after its encirclement at La Plata.
Government Soldiers Captured
Castro's forces take approximately 240 Battalion 18 soldiers prisoner.
Surrender at El Jigue
Quevedo surrenders Battalion 18 after relief attempts fail.
Liberty Bell 7 Mercury
Grissom pilots Liberty Bell 7 on the second American crewed suborbital flight under Project Mercury.
Liberty Bell 7 Recovery
After Grissom's successful Mercury flight, Liberty Bell 7 sinks following premature opening of the spacecraft's explosive hatch.
Gemini X
During Gemini X American astronauts Mike Collins and John Young make two rendezvous and docking maneuvers with Agena target vehicles, plus complete a complex EVA
Gemini X
During Gemini X American astronauts Mike Collins and John Young make two rendezvous and docking maneuvers with Agena target vehicles, plus complete a complex EVA
1st Man on the Moon
"Thats one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind"
1st Man on the Moon
"Thats one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind". Once Armstrong and Aldrin were ready to go outside, Eagle is depressurized, the hatch is opened and Armstrong made his way down the ladder first, he places his left foot on the surface at 2:56 UTC July 21, 1969
Apollo 11
Becomes the second person to walk on the Moon.
Apollo 11 Eagle Redocking
Returns to Columbia with Aldrin after Eagle rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit.
Apollo 11 Eagle Redocking
Pilots Columbia during rendezvous and docking with Eagle after Armstrong and Aldrin leave the lunar surface.
Apollo 11 Lunar Module Ascent
Returns from the lunar surface aboard Eagle's ascent stage with Armstrong.
Apollo 11 Lunar Module Ascent
Commands Eagle's ascent stage as it lifts from the Moon to rejoin Columbia.
Apollo 11 Lunar Orbit Photography
Photographs lunar terrain from Columbia while Armstrong and Aldrin work on the surface.
Apollo 11 Lunar Sample Collection
Collects lunar rocks and soil for return to Earth during the first Moon landing.
Eagle Lunar Ascent
Commands Eagle’s ascent from the Moon and rendezvous with Collins in Columbia.
First Moonwalk
Steps onto the lunar surface during Apollo 11.
Laser Ranging Retroreflector
Helps deploy the laser ranging retroreflector experiment on the lunar surface.
Passive Seismic Experiment
Helps deploy the passive seismic experiment during the Apollo 11 lunar surface excursion.
Solar Wind Composition Experiment
Deploys the solar wind composition experiment during the Apollo 11 lunar EVA.
Completion of Aswan High Dam
Nasser oversees completion of the main High Dam construction project.
High Dam Project Completion
The principal High Dam construction works are declared complete under Nasser.
Libya orders the confiscation of all Jewish property
Libya orders the confiscation of all Jewish property
Arrest of Dieter Kunzelmann
Dieter Kunzelmann is arrested for his bombing activities in the West Berlin TupamarosDieter Kunzelmann is arrested for his bombing activities in the West Berlin Tupamaros
Master of Reality
Plays bass and shapes the darker lyrical direction on Master of Reality.
Master of Reality
Uses lower tunings on Master of Reality, deepening the heavy sound that influences later metal bands.
Tupamaros
Dieter Kunzelmann is arrested for his bombing activities in the West Berlin TupamarosDieter Kunzelmann is arrested for his bombing activities in the West Berlin Tupamaros
Never a Dull Moment
Releases Never a Dull Moment, continuing the successful style of his early solo albums.
Pay Restraint
The Government defends the six pound pay limit as central to reducing inflation.
Five Percent Pay Guideline
Healey backs a five percent guideline for the next pay round despite growing trade-union resistance.
Military Coup
Pereda seizes power after the disputed presidential election is annulled.
Pay Policy
Backs the five percent pay guideline despite union warnings.
Pay Policy
Healey introduces a White Paper setting a five percent pay guideline.
Social Contract
Backs the five percent pay guideline that strains the union bargain.
Democratic Transition
Vildoso assumes power and organises the transfer to the elected civilian government.
Iran Iraq Arms Sales Policy
Reaffirms that Britain will not sell either Iran or Iraq defence equipment judged likely to prolong or intensify their war.
Berlin Festival
400,000 people watch Roger Waters stage "The Wall" in Berlins Potsdamerplatz with a variety of guests
Concert
The concert takes place on Potsdamer Platz, part of the former "no-mans land" of the Berlin Wall, and features many guest superstars: The Band, Bryan Adams, Cyndi Lauper, Van Morrison, Sin‚ad OConnor, The Scorpions, Marianne Faithfull, and Joni Mitchel
Concert
The concert takes place on Potsdamer Platz, part of the former "no-mans land" of the Berlin Wall, and features many guest superstars: The Band, Bryan Adams, Cyndi Lauper, Van Morrison, Sin‚ad OConnor, The Scorpions, Marianne Faithfull, and Joni Mitchel. After the Berlin Wall came down Waters stages The Wall Concert in Berlin to commemorate the end of the division between East and West Germany
Deputy Party Leader
Appointed Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
Election
Elected Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
Election
Blair beats Prescott & Beckett to become leader of Labour party with 57
Election
Elected Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
Party Leader
Appointed Party Leader of the Labour Party
Europa July Flyby
Galileo returns to Europa during a sequence of repeated extended-mission encounters.
UN Debate
Encourages Israeli disengagement from Gaza to become part of a negotiated peace process
Dodd-Frank Act
The Act expands financial regulation, consumer protection and procedures for systemic institutions.
Parliamentary Election
His Servant of the People party wins the early parliamentary election.
Command Paper on Protocol
Publishes proposals to change the Northern Ireland Protocol.
World Heritage Status
Liverpool loses its UNESCO World Heritage status after waterfront development disputes.
Voyager 2 Antenna Misalignment
A command sequence inadvertently points Voyager 2's antenna away from Earth, interrupting normal communications.
Campaign Withdrawal
Ends his campaign for reelection.
Kamala Harris Endorsement
Endorses Kamala Harris for president.
Births on July 21
Birth of Edward Henry Stanley
Birth of Edward Henry Stanley
Birth of Georg von Schonerer
Birth of Georg von Schonerer
Birth of Mary Isobel Mollie Sugden
Birth of Mary Isobel Mollie Sugden
Deaths on July 21
Death of Henry Hotspur Percy
Death of Henry "Hotspur" Hotspur, killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury
Death of Georg Michaelis
Death of Georg Michaelis
Battles on July 21
Battle of Taillebourg
Henry III & his French baron allies retreat to the town of Saintes. Decisive engagement of this brief, but critical war
Battle of Taillebourg
Henry III & his French baron allies retreat to the town of Saintes
Battle of Shrewsbury
Forced to surrender to Edward II
Battle of Shrewsbury
Fights against the Percys for Henry IV
Battle of Shrewsbury
Henry "hotspur" is killed in his effort to join forces with Owen Glendower
Battle of Shrewsbury
Northumberland surrenders & is pardoned with a fine. Henry "Hotspur" is killed in his effort to join Owen Glendower
Battle of Shrewsbury
Killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury fighting Henry IV
Battle of Cravant
Helps defeat the French in battle
Battle of Cravant
An English & Burgundian army defeat the French, who had some Scottish support
Battle of the Solent
French forces land on the Isle of Wight after the naval fighting in the Solent.
Battle of Jemmingen
Wishes to destroy the army of "Beggars" & crush an effective force of Dutch rebels. The rebels lose 7,000 killed compared to Spains 80
Battle of Jemmingen
The rebels lose 7,000 killed compared to Spains 80. Groningen is captured by the Dutch & ruled for 30 yrs after the Battle of Jemmingen. Commands an army of Calvanist "Beggars". Alva moves into the Northern Netherlands, entices Louis into Battle & defeats him
Battle of Jemmingen
Alva moves into the north Netherlands, entices Louis into Battle & defeats him
Battle of Burkersdor
Fighting alone in the east, the Austrians are soundly defeated in the Battle of Burkersdorf
Battle of Burkersdorf
Frederick II the Great defeats the Austrian Army under Daun
Battle of Burkersdorf
Frederick II the Great defeats the Austrian Army under Daun
Battle of Pyramids
The Marmelukes are defeated by Napoleon
Battle of Pyramids
Napoleon marches south from Alexandria & is met by an army of 8,000 Marmelukes at Giza. Defeats the Marmelukes within 2 hours
Battle of the Pyramids
Napoleon defeated Mamluk forces at the Battle of the Pyramids, opening the way for French occupation of Cairo.
Battle of Bull Run, 1st
Unionists under McDowell have to fight a rearguard action. Confederate victory, Jackson earns the name "Stonewall"
Battle of Bull Run, 1st
Confederate victory, Unionists under McDowell stronger fight a rearguard action
Battle of Bull Run, 1st
Stuarts cavalry covers the Confederate left
Battle of Manassas, 1st
Union forces from Washington are stopped from reaching Richmond
Battle of Bezzecca
Garibaldi defeats Austrian forces at Bezzecca during the campaign in Trentino.
Battle of Marne, 2nd
The Germans retreat 5 miles as the French reach the Lassery-Chateau-Thierry Road
Battle of Yechon
The US retakes Yechon
Battle of La Plata
His offensive suffers a serious defeat at La Plata.
Battle of La Plata
Castro's forces compel the surrounded government battalion at La Plata to surrender after days of fighting during Operation Verano.
Battle of La Plata
The Battle of La Plata ends with the surrender of the isolated government battalion and the capture of hundreds of soldiers.
Coronations on July 21
Coronation
Crowned Emperor of Mexico