September 13 in History

Martyred for his faith

Ten miles from Carthage, the forces of Gelimer and Belisarius meet at the Battle of Ad Decimum, Gelimer had chosen his position well and had some success, Gelimer became distraught upon learning of the death of his brother in battle so Belisarius a chance to regroup, win the battle and capture Carthage

Ten miles from Carthage, the forces of Gelimer and Belisarius meet at the Battle of Ad Decimum, Gelimer had chosen his position well and had some success, Gelimer became distraught upon learning of the death of his brother in battle so Belisarius a chance to regroup, win the battle and capture Carthage

Warwick & Clarence land at Dartmouth & declare Henry VI the rightful King

Lands with an invasion force in Devon to recapture the throne for Henry IV

The first of three expeditions left from Panama for the conquest of Peru with about 80 men and 40 horses while Diego de Almagro was left behind because he was to recruit men, gather additional supplies, and join Pizarro later

The first of three expeditions left from Panama for the conquest of Peru with about 80 men and 40 horses while Diego de Almagro was left behind because he was to recruit men, gather additional supplies, and join Pizarro later

The first of three expeditions left from Panama for the conquest of Peru with about 80 men and 40 horses while Diego de Almagro was left behind because he was to recruit men, gather additional supplies, and join Pizarro later

The French garrison agrees to surrender after English mining and bombardment breach the defences.

Is arrested under Mary's Catholic restoration.

Succeeds as King of Spain, leaves direction of his Government to the Duke of Lerma

Wants peace without concessions based on the Peace of Prague

Wins a small Battle at the head of a Royalist Army invading Scotland

Wins a small Battle at the head of a Royalist Army invading Scotland

Wins a small Battle at the head of a Royalist Army invading Scotland

Montroses Army is destroyed, he spends the following winter building it up again

Captured in battle during the defeat of the Royalists

Defeats the Royalist Army of Montrose

Defeats the Royalist Army of Montrose

Leads 4,800 men up to a position overlooking Quebec

Prussia invades the Dutch Republic

Louis XVI formally accepted the Constitution, enabling the restoration of his constitutional executive functions.

Brissot was elected a Paris deputy to the Legislative Assembly and joined its diplomatic debates.

3 months after entering Russia the Grande Armee marches into the outskirts of Moscow

Daniel Gooch proposes locomotive works at Swindon and Brunel supports creation of a major railway centre there.

Brunel's atmospheric railway opens to Teignmouth using stationary engines and vacuum pipes for propulsion.

Regular passenger services begin using atmospheric propulsion between Exeter and Teignmouth.

The decisive victory breaks organized Egyptian resistance.

Mao leads An-Yuan miners on strike

Captures Barcelona & institutes martial law

Assumes power after a coup

Sets a new speed record, taking a plane to 352 mph

The Sudetenland leaders break off negotiations with Benes

Hodza's government imposed martial law in affected border districts after violent Sudeten German disturbances.

Appointed Foreign Minister

Appointed Foreign Minister

The French follow Britains example & set up a War Cabinet

The French follow Britains example & set up a War Cabinet

Italy captures Sollum, Egypt

Rodolfo Graziani and the Italian Army make a rapid advance into Egypt

Rodolfo Graziani and 5 Italian divisions began a rapid advance into Egypt

Orders the Italian advance from Libya into Egypt, beginning a campaign aimed at threatening British positions guarding the Suez Canal.

Political organizers founded Democratic Action as a national reformist party.

By the end of the month the Germans give up storming the City & dig in for a siege. Arrives in Leningrad to co-ordinate its defenses

The S-1 Executive Committee recommends a Tennessee pilot plant based on Lawrence's electromagnetic isotope-separation work.

At a meeting of the S-1 Executive Committee, it is decided that a centralized laboratory should be established to study fast neutrons, code-named "Project Y"

At a meeting of the S-1 Executive Committee, it is decided that a centralized laboratory should be established to study fast neutrons, code-named "Project Y"

At a meeting of the S-1 Executive Committee, it is decided that a centralized laboratory should be established to study fast neutrons, code-named "Project Y"

Reduces the US bridgehead to less than 2 miles

Lands on the Abruzzi Appenines & rescues Mussolini from captivity

The Japanese Eighth Army ceases resistance with only a fraction of its original strength remaining.

Surrenders the 8th Army with only 13,500 from an original 65,000

US destroyers & cruisers shell enemy positions 2 days before the landings

Appointed First Secretary of the CPSU

Is elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

The Marine Corps Reserve changed Lee's discharge status to undesirable on September 13, 1960, while he was living in the Soviet Union.

Kennedy repeated that the United States would act if Cuba became a significant offensive military base.

Deke Slayton called Armstrong and asks if he was interested in joining the NASA Astronaut Corps as part of what the press dubbed "the New Nine", without hesitation, Armstrong says yes

Deke Slayton called Armstrong and asks if he was interested in joining the NASA Astronaut Corps as part of what the press dubbed "the New Nine", without hesitation, Armstrong says yes

Deke Slayton called Armstrong and asks if he was interested in joining the NASA Astronaut Corps as part of what the press dubbed "the New Nine", without hesitation, Armstrong says yes

The South Vietnamese Air Force, under the leadership of Air Marshall Nguyen Cao Ky, crushes a coup plot against General Nguyen Khanh

The South Vietnamese Air Force, under the leadership of Air Marshall Nguyen Cao Ky, crushes a coup plot against General Nguyen Khanh

The South Vietnamese Air Force, under the leadership of Air Marshall Nguyen Cao Ky, crushes a coup plot against General Nguyen Khanh

Becomes prime minister after Hendrik Verwoerd's assassination.

Continues National Party rule during intensified regional conflict.

George Harrison & John Lennon direct a scene in the, "Magical Mystery Tour" film

George Harrison & John Lennon direct a scene in the, "Magical Mystery Tour" film

Is buried at Novodevichy Cemetery rather than receiving burial in the Kremlin Wall necropolis.

After trying to overthrow Maos Government, Lin Biao dies in an airplane crash in Mongolia on his way to exile

Sings on Close to the Edge, one of the band's central progressive rock works.

Drums on Close to the Edge, his final studio album before leaving Yes.

Syria and Israel engage in a dogfight over the Mediterranean Sea

Food assistance is tied to verified humanitarian need.

Addresses the Security Council during the occupation crisis.

Highlights Kuwait's case as international pressure on Iraq grows.

Security Council addresses humanitarian food supplies for Iraq and Kuwait.

Abbas signs the Declaration of Principles on behalf of the PLO

Abbas signs the Declaration of Principles on behalf of the PLO at the White House

Arafat signs the Declaration of Principles with Israel in Washington

Christopher attends the White House ceremony as the United States witnesses the agreement

Clinton hosts the White House ceremony for the signing of the Declaration of Principles

Kozyrev represents Russia as a witness at the signing ceremony for the Declaration of Principles

Peres signs the Declaration of Principles on behalf of Israel

Rabin signs the Declaration of Principles with the PLO in Washington

Signs the Declaration of Principles for the PLO, committing to an interim self-government process in Gaza and the West Bank.

Attends the White House ceremony and accepts the Declaration of Principles as the framework for Palestinian interim self-government.

Represents the United States as the Declaration of Principles is signed and witnessed in Washington.

Hosts the White House signing ceremony for the Declaration of Principles between Israel and the PLO.

Represents Russia, one of the witnesses to the Declaration of Principles signed in Washington.

Signs related correspondence and supports the Declaration of Principles after secret negotiations produce the Oslo framework.

Signs the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements at the White House, recognizing the PLO as Israel's negotiating partner.

The PLO accepts Gaza and Jericho as the first areas for Palestinian self rule under the Oslo process

The Oslo framework sets the principle that Israeli withdrawal will begin with Gaza and Jericho

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat shake hands after signing an accord granting limited Palestinian autonomy, Arafat has control of most of the Gaza Strip and 27% of the West Bank

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat shake hands after signing an accord granting limited Palestinian autonomy, Arafat has control of most of the Gaza Strip and 27% of the West Bank

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat shake hands after signing an accord granting limited Palestinian autonomy, Arafat has control of most of the Gaza Strip and 27% of the West Bank

Arafat signs the Declaration of Principles in Washington, helping close the main phase of the First Intifada.

Shakes hands with Rabin after signing the Declaration of Principles.

Hosts the signing ceremony for the Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles.

Signs the Declaration of Principles with Yasser Arafat and recognizes the PLO as a negotiating partner.

Accepts the Oslo framework under which an interim Palestinian Authority will administer parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank.

The Oslo framework anticipates an elected Palestinian council and an interim self governing authority

Signs the Declaration of Principles with the PLO, committing both sides to establish interim Palestinian self-government.

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat shake hands after signing an accord granting limited Palestinian autonomy, Arafat has control of most of the Gaza Strip and 27% of the West Bank

Arafat shakes hands with Rabin in a public symbol of the new peace process

Clinton stands with Rabin and Arafat during the symbolic handshake after the Oslo signing

Rabin shakes hands with Arafat after the signing ceremony on the White House lawn

Leaders of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) signed the Oslo Accords calling for Palestinian administration of the Gaza Strip, implemented in May 1994. Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat shake hands after signing an accord granting limited Palestinian autonomy, Arafat has control of most of the Gaza Strip and 27% of the West Bank

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat shake hands after signing an accord granting limited Palestinian autonomy, Arafat has control of most of the Gaza Strip and 27% of the West Bank

Signs the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, includes banning the manufacture of 19 specific semi-automatic "assault weapons"

Visits Kanama after civilians are killed by government soldiers.

Acknowledges RPA abuses and promises punishment of those responsible.

Scores a hat-trick against Bolton Wanderers and surpasses Cliff Bastin as Arsenal's all-time leading goalscorer.

The Drugs Don't Work becomes The Verve's first UK number one single.

The Taliban take over the city of Bamian

The Taliban take over the city of Bamian

Bush vows to "lead the world to victory" over terrorism

Elected Leader of the Conservative Party.

Creates the Public Chamber of Russia & launches an initiative to replace the direct election governors & presidents of Federal subjects of Russia proposed by the President & approved by the legslature

Creates the Public Chamber of Russia & launches an initiative to replace the direct election governors & presidents of Federal subjects of Russia proposed by the President & approved by the legslature

Creates the Public Chamber of Russia & launches an initiative to replace the direct election governors & presidents of Federal subjects of Russia proposed by the President & approved by the legslature

Prosecution of Russias richest man, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, President of Yukos oil company, for fraud and tax evasion

The responsibility for the federal prisons is transferred from the Interior Ministry to the Ministry of Justice

In his Annual speech Putin proposes increasing maternity benefits and prenatal care for women

Abdul Sattar Buzaigh al-Rishawi, a leader of Sunni tribes in Anbar Province that have joined forces with the US. to fight Sunni militants, such as al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia, dies in a bombing

17 Iraqi civilians, including a couple and their infant, are killed when employees of private security company Blackwater USA reportedly fire on a car that fails to stop, Nuri al-Maliki threatens to evict Blackwater employees from Iraq

17 Iraqi civilians, including a couple and their infant, are killed when employees of private security company Blackwater USA reportedly fire on a car that fails to stop, Nuri al-Maliki threatens to evict Blackwater employees from Iraq

n a nationally televised address, President Bush outlines a plan for withdrawing troops from Iraq, he says by July 2008 troop levels would drop from the current high of 169,000 to 130,000

Makes his Barcelona first-team league debut under Pep Guardiola against Racing Santander.

Begins a widely watched impersonation of Sarah Palin on Saturday Night Live

Tsiaras leads analysis of Hubble spectra detecting water vapor in the atmosphere of habitable-zone exoplanet K2-18b.

Birth of William Cecil

Birth of Francois-Joseph De Grasse

Birth of Euilogio Cantillo

Birth of Arthur Smith, son of a head teacher

Martyred for his faith

Michel de Montaigne dies at his estate, aged fifty-nine.

Dies at the Escorial Palace leaving Spain in financial straits. Death of Philip II

Death of James Wolfe, during the Battle of the Plains of Abraham

Dies on board a plane in Outer Mongolia as it skids on uneven ground. After trying to overthrow Maos Government, Lin Biao dies in an airplane crash in Mongolia on his way to exile

Lin Biao dies in a plane crash in Mongolia during his attempted flight from China

Maos rival & Vice Chairman of the Party dies & many of his supporters are arrested

Abdul Sattar Buzaigh al-Rishawi, a leader of Sunni tribes in Anbar Province that have joined forces with the US. to fight Sunni militants, such as al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia, dies in a bombing

Ten miles from Carthage, the forces of Gelimer and Belisarius meet at the Battle of Ad Decimum, Gelimer had chosen his position well and had some success, Gelimer became distraught upon learning of the death of his brother in battle so Belisarius a chance to regroup, win the battle and capture Carthage

Claude serves under Francis I during the French victory at Marignano

Wins a small Battle at the head of a Royalist Army invading Scotland

Montroses Army is destroyed, he spends the following winter building it up again. Defeated trying to join Charles I after his defeat at Naseby, flees to the Highlands. Defeated by David Leslie while trying to join Charles I after his defeat at Naseby, flees to the Highlands. Defeated by David Leslie

Opens the attack on 4,100 British with 4,500 men but has no artillery & is routed

Saunders warships maintain a steady bombardment

French Canada falls after Wolfes assent above Quebec & forcing Montcalm into Battle. Dies during the battle with the knowledge that his forces will capture Quebec

On 13 September de Grasse broke away from the British and returned to the Chesapeake, where de Barras had arrived, Graves returned to New York to organize a larger relief effort; this did not sail until 19 October, two days after Cornwallis surrendered

Routes the Prince of Orange

Overcomes the fortress of Chapultepec the last obstacle before Mexico City

Scott's army captures Chapultepec, the last major obstacle before Mexico City

Defeats Urabi's army in a surprise dawn attack.

Kawaguchi directs a major night assault against the American positions protecting Henderson Field.

Despite the attempt to surrender the city, von Schwerin is ordered to counterattack against penetrating American forces southwest of Aachen, and he did so with elements of his panzergrenadier forces