October 25 in History

The city is entered by the Christian conquerors

Henry VI will retain the crown for his lifetime but then York & his heirs will succeed

Reunited with Queen Catherine at Richmond

Appointed Lord Chancellor

Replaces Thomas Wolsey as Lord Chancellor, 1st layman to hold this office

Philip II is given the Government of The Netherlands by his father Charles V

Sentenced to death by the court of star Chamber

Sentenced to death by the court of star Chamber

Appointed grand vizier during the Great Turkish War

William III of Orange and Mary establish the Royal Hospital for Seamen by royal charter to support disabled sailors and naval families.

William III of Orange grants the royal charter establishing the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich in accordance with plans strongly promoted by Mary II.

The Assembly chose Barnave to chair its proceedings for a term beginning in late October 1790.

Begins publishing a series on debates in the Sixth Rhine Province Assembly.

The Government authorises temporary suspension of the note-issue limit during a financial panic.

Drafts the written cavalry order that contributes to the confused sequence leading to the Charge of the Light Brigade.

Leads the Heavy Brigade charge at Balaclava.

Leads the Light Brigade into the Russian gun positions during the famous charge at Balaclava.

Leads the Light Brigade charge against Russian guns.

Carries the disputed order before being killed during the charge.

Commands Highlanders during the Thin Red Line.

Publishes an analysis of the causes and political character of the American Civil War.

Britain captures the Fiji Islands

Appointed Commander of the XXXIII Corps

Completes the occupation of Moscow

Declares the triumph of the workers & peasants revolution in Petrograd

The 2nd alln Congress of Soviets proclaims transfer of power to the Soviets

Lenin and Stalin direct the Second Alln Congress of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies

The 2nd alln Congress of Soviets proclaims transfer of power to the Soviets

Escapes from the Winter Palace dressed up as a female nurse

The 2nd alln Congress of Soviets proclaims transfer of power to the Soviets. Declares the Provisional Government deposed

Escapes the capital as the Winter Palace is threatened.

Condemns the Bolshevik seizure of power and calls for socialist pluralism

Criticizes the Bolshevik insurrection from the perspective of socialist democracy

Calls for support from the Russian Front

Escapes from the Winter Palace dressed up as a female nurse

Leaves Petrograd to seek loyal troops as Bolsheviks seize power.

Remains imprisoned when Bolsheviks seize power in Petrograd.

Lenin and Stalin direct the Second Alln Congress of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies

Lenin and Stalin direct the Second Alln Congress of Soviets of Workers and Soldiers Deputies

Announces that the Provisional Government has been overthrown.

Trotsky uses the Petrograd Soviet as a base for revolutionary action.

His government is overthrown during the Bolshevik October Revolution, forcing Kerensky to flee Petrograd and begin political exile.

Declares the Provisional Government deposed

Lenin announces that the Provisional Government has been overthrown as the Bolsheviks consolidate control of Petrograd.

Presides over Congress as the uprising succeeds.

Presides over the Second Congress as Bolsheviks seize power.

The Second Congress confirms the Bolshevik takeover of government power.

Trotsky presides as Soviet delegates approve the transfer of power.

Leads forces acting under the Military Revolutionary Committee.

The Allied advance reaches and captures Aleppo late in October.

Appointed Minister of President of Austria

Recalls U-boats to take part in a final sortie but naval mutinies end all such plans

The Hamburg uprising is suppressed.

Hamburg uprising suppressed

Decides to break the truce with the internal Communist Party opposition

Black Friday on the stock exchance of New York starts the world economic crisis

The decline then accelerates into the so-called "Black Thursday", October 24, 1929. A record number of 12.9 million shares were traded on that day

Black Friday on the stock exchance of New York starts the world economic crisis

The October 1929 crash came during a period of declining real estate values in the United States (which peaked in 1925) near the beginning of a chain of events that led to the Great Depression, a period of economic decline in the industrialized nations. The decline then accelerates into the so-called "Black Thursday", October 24, 1929. A record number of 12.9 million shares were traded on that day

Burmese Days is first published in the United States.

Hankow, current capital of China, falls to the Japanese

Japanese forces capture Wuhan after months of fighting, while the Nationalist government continues resistance from Chongqing.

Hankow, current capital of China, falls to the Japanese

Hankow, current capital of China, falls to the Japanese

Appointed Commander of the 18th Panzer Division

Appointed Commander of the 18th Panzer Division

Appointed Prime Minister of Australia, 1st term

Completes a report highlighting the deficiences of the Atlantic Wall

Partisans capture Kotor in Yugoslavia

Announces a plan for the post-war rehabilitation & reconstruction of Russia

Ugaki commands Battleship Division One, including Yamato and Nagato, during the Battle off Samar.

Suzuki commands Battleship Division Three, including Kongo and Haruna, during the Battle off Samar.

Matsuda commands Carrier Division Four, built around the hybrid battleships Ise and Hyuga, in Ozawa's decoy force.

Hashimoto commands Cruiser Division Five, including Haguro, during the Center Force attack off Samar.

Shiraishi commands Cruiser Division Seven as its cruisers engage American forces off Samar.

Takahashi commands Destroyer Division Four within Nishimura's Southern Force during the advance through Surigao Strait.

Amano commands Destroyer Division Sixty-One in the screen of Ozawa's Northern Force during the Cape Engano battle.

Kimura commands Destroyer Squadron One within Shima's Second Striking Force during the Surigao operation.

Kimura commands Destroyer Squadron Ten during the late Japanese destroyer attack against Taffy 3 off Samar.

Hayakawa commands Destroyer Squadron Two during the Center Force action against American escort carriers off Samar.

Shima enters Surigao Strait behind Nishimura, encounters wreckage and resistance, and withdraws his surviving force.

Shima enters Surigao Strait after Nishimura's force has already been shattered and soon orders a withdrawal.

Onishi's special-attack units carry out the first successful organized kamikaze strikes against American naval forces during the Leyte campaign.

Nakase commands the hybrid battleship Ise, which survives repeated American air attacks during the Cape Engano action.

Seki leads a special-attack flight against American escort carriers and is killed during the mission.

Miyagawa flies with a special-attack unit during the opening wave of organized kamikaze operations in the Philippines.

Hashimoto commands Hatsuzuki during her final action against American surface ships while covering the retreat of Ozawa's force.

Ogata commands Akizuki when the destroyer is sunk during American attacks on Ozawa's Northern Force.

Kishi commands the light carrier Chitose when American carrier aircraft sink her off Cape Engano.

Jyo commands the light carrier Chiyoda, which is crippled by air attack and later sunk by American surface ships.

Sugiura commands the light carrier Zuiho when she is sunk by American carrier aircraft during the battle off Cape Engano.

Kaizuka commands the carrier Zuikaku when American carrier aircraft sink her during the battle off Cape Engano.

Ozawa loses his flagship Zuikaku and other carriers to American air attacks off Cape Engano.

Edo commands the screening force protecting elements of Ozawa's Northern Force during the battle off Cape Engano.

Mutaguchi commands the light cruiser Oyodo as it operates with Ozawa's Northern Force off Cape Engano.

Kinkaid commands the Seventh Fleet as its forces fight at Surigao Strait and off Samar while protecting the Leyte landings.

Seki leads the Shikishima unit in the first successful organized kamikaze attack against American escort carriers.

Sprague commands Taffy 1, one of the Seventh Fleet escort-carrier groups supporting the Leyte operation.

Stump commands Taffy 2, whose aircraft repeatedly attack Kurita's Center Force during the Battle off Samar.

Mitscher directs Task Force Thirty-Eight's carrier attacks against Ozawa's Northern Force off Cape Engano.

Evans takes USS Johnston into a torpedo attack against the Japanese Center Force and continues fighting until the destroyer is sunk.

Copeland commands USS Samuel B. Roberts in a close-range attack on Japanese cruisers before the destroyer escort is sunk.

Kurita breaks off the attack off Samar and withdraws instead of continuing toward the Leyte transport anchorage.

Morishita commands Yamato when the battleship engages American escort-carrier forces during the Battle off Samar.

Appointed Prime Minister of Denmark, forms a coalition Government

The Labour Party wins 48.8% of votes cast and 295 MPs

The Conservatives win 321 seats, Labour 295, Liberals 6 & United Ireland 3

Returns as Prime Minister after the Conservative election victory.

Retains Coventry East despite Labour losing the general election.

Retains Plymouth Devonport for Labour at the 1951 general election.

Retains Wakefield for Labour in his final general election.

Retains Birmingham Stechford for Labour at the general election.

Participates in the first televised meeting of a United States Cabinet.

Eden approves implementation of the secret arrangement reached with France and Israel.

The final United States forces leave Lebanon after the political crisis stabilizes.

Libya exports its first commercial shipment of crude oil.

Kennedy replied to U Thant and affirmed his desire for a peaceful and verifiable settlement.

Kennedy wrote Khrushchev that Soviet assurances had been contradicted by clear evidence of offensive missile bases in Cuba.

Khrushchev exchanged messages with Kennedy as both governments searched for a way to prevent the naval confrontation from escalating.

Stevenson confronted Valerian Zorin at the Security Council and presented reconnaissance photographs demonstrating Soviet missile installations.

Zorin refused to answer Stevenson's demand for an immediate admission that Soviet missiles were present in Cuba.

Zorin faced Stevenson's presentation of aerial photographs after declining to confirm that Soviet missiles had been installed in Cuba.

Is appointed England manager and predicts that England will win the 1966 World Cup.

DeBruey authored an FBI report on the Fair Play for Cuba Committee's New Orleans activity after Oswald had left the city.

DeBruey's report stated that Cuban sources would be monitored for signs of renewed FPCC activity following Oswald's departure from New Orleans.

McCone joined Kennedy, McNamara, Robert Kennedy, and Bundy in reviewing the rapidly developing coup situation and American responsibilities in South Vietnam.

Appears with the Rolling Stones on The Ed Sullivan Show.

The Abortion Bill is passed by Parliament

Al-Bakkoush forms a government after the regional crisis following the Arab-Israeli war.

The Abortion Bill is passed by Parliament

The Abortion Bill is passed by Parliament

The Transport Act receives Royal Assent, reorganising state transport bodies and extending public control of transport services.

UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 transfers China’s United Nations representation to the People’s Republic of China, ending ROC membership.

Begins an official visit to France, strengthening Soviet engagement with Western Europe.

The United States does not use its veto power to block mainland Chinas United Nations admission, the change in the US position comes about as the result of a gradual thaw in US- Chinese relations. Communist China Joins the UN, replacing Taiwan, the United Nations approves the membership of Communist China, thereby replacing Taiwan

The United States does not use its veto power to block mainland China's United Nations admission, the change in the US position comes about as the result of a gradual thaw in US- Chinese relations

Deals with American officials as the US moves to a heightened alert posture.

The United States raises its alert level during the Soviet-American crisis over the ceasefire.

Venera 10 lands successfully on Venus and returns measurements from the hostile surface environment.

Venera 10 returns panoramic black-and-white images from Venus, extending the first photographic survey of the planet's surface.

Nuon Chea's acting premiership ends after a brief temporary term

The pound falls to $1.59.

Opens the National Theatre

US marines land in Grenada

The High Court orders seizure of union funds

Kabariti participates in jerusalem policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Haris Silajdzic becomes Prime Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Violence breaks out in the Gaza Strip, a day after Israeli undercover soldiers kill Imad Akel, the head of the military wing of Hamas

Violence breaks out in the Gaza Strip, a day after Israeli undercover soldiers kill Imad Akel, the head of the military wing of Hamas

Violence breaks out in the Gaza Strip, a day after Israeli undercover soldiers kill Imad Akel, the head of the military wing of Hamas

The Third Gro Harlem Brundtland Government ends in Oslo, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Norway.

Appointed Prime Minister of Norway

Begins the Thorbjørn Jagland Government in Oslo and serves as Prime Minister of Norway.

UN Transitional Administration in East Timor is created

American civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks dies age 92 years old, 50 years earlier, Parks had famously refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama, bus and in doing so catalyzed the American civil rights movement

The Islamic State of Iraq al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the attack

Two suicide bombings in Baghdad kill at least 155 people and wound 700 others, the deadliest attacks in the country since 2007, and they raise the question of the safety of Iraq, despite Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Malikis recent assurances. The Islamic State of Iraq al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the attack

The Islamic State of Iraq al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the attack

Two suicide bombings in Baghdad kill at least 155 people and wound 700 others, the deadliest attacks in the country since 2007, and they raise the question of the safety of Iraq, despite Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Malikis recent assurances. The Islamic State of Iraq al-Qaeda claims responsibility for the attack

Tunisia held legislative elections alongside the presidential vote.

Zine El Abidine Ben Ali won a fifth presidential term.

Two suicide bombings in Baghdad kill at least 155 people and wound 700 others, the deadliest attacks in the country since 2007, and they raise the question of the safety of Iraq, despite Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Malikis recent assurances

The final stored data from the 2015 Pluto encounter finish downloading to Earth after more than fifteen months.

Holds a referendum in which voters approve drafting a new constitution.

Initiates a five-question nationwide public poll held alongside local elections.

Returns as prime minister after Smer wins elections.

Reuben Meade returns as Premier after the United Alliance wins the 2024 election

Reuben Meade is appointed Premier under the Crown's constitutional framework

Forms a new United Alliance government after the general election

Wins the presidential election and secures a seven-year mandate as Ireland's next President.

Birth of William Clito, son & heir of Robert III Duke of Normandy

Birth of William Clito, son & heir of Robert III Duke of Normandy

Birth of Ronald William George Barker

Birth of John Roy Anderson, later Yes vocalist, lyricist and founding member.

Death of Magnus I the Good, while dividing Norway with Harald Hardraade, the line of Olaf II ended with Magnus death

Death of Stephen, during a conference with the Count of Flanders

Death of Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, 5th Earl of Gloucester

Death of George II, at Kensington Palace

Death of James Robert George Graham

Death of Adolf Wild von Hohenborn

Nishimura is killed during the destruction of his force in the Battle of Surigao Strait.

Death of Robert Ley, commits suicide, before the Nuremberg trial begins

Violence breaks out in the Gaza Strip, a day after Israeli undercover soldiers kill Imad Akel, the head of the military wing of Hamas

Death of Richard Harris

American civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks dies age 92 years old, 50 years earlier, Parks had famously refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery, Alabama, bus and in doing so catalyzed the American civil rights movement

Invades Normandy but is killed in battle, his army takes heavy losses

Forced to postone his invasion of Normandy after Enguerrands defeat

Results in the ascendancy of the Burgundians in France. Killed among the leaders of the Orleans-Armagnac faction

Distinguishes himself at the Battle of Agincourt

Transmits Raglan's cavalry order to Cardigan.

Observes the Light Brigade and comments on its costly courage.

Leads the Light Brigade after receiving Lucan's order during the Battle of Balaclava.

Commands the Highland Brigade.

Commands French cavalry during the battle in which the Chasseurs d'Afrique help cover the Light Brigade's withdrawal.

Directs Russian forces that seize Ottoman redoubts and threaten the British supply base at Balaclava.

Russian forces fail to break the Allied position linking Balaclava and Sevastopol.

Serves with Ottoman troops defending Allied redoubts during the Russian attack at Balaclava.

Defeated by the 2nd and 3rd Bulgarian Armies

Defeated by the 2nd and 3rd Bulgarian Armies

The Germann Army captures Caporetto

Montgomery confirms that the breakout effort must continue despite stubborn Axis resistance.

Returns from Germany to command Panzer Army Africa during the Second Battle of El Alamein.

Defeated by superior US naval forces

Nishimura presses into Surigao Strait, where his force is shattered by the waiting Allied battle line.

Nishimura leads the Southern Force through Surigao Strait, where most of his ships are destroyed by the American Seventh Fleet.

Oldendorf deploys the Seventh Fleet battle line that crosses Nishimura's advance and destroys most of the Japanese Southern Force.

Halsey's Third Fleet attacks Ozawa's Northern Force and destroys all four Japanese carriers in the decoy force.

Ozawa's carrier force functions as the decoy and suffers severe losses to American carrier aircraft off Cape Engano.

Kurita's battleships and cruisers surprise American escort carriers off Samar after passing through San Bernardino Strait.

Kurita's Center Force attacks American escort carriers off Samar before he orders the force to withdraw.

Sprague commands Taffy 3 as its escort carriers and screen resist Kurita's much stronger Center Force.