August 9 in History

A truce is declared & Christians allowed to enter Jerusalem unarmed

Flees with Eleanor after Henry III accuses him of seducing her before the wedding

The election of Urban VI is declared null & void

The Western Schism or Papal Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church which lasted from 1378 to 1417. The election of Urban VI is declared null & void

Drake joins the pursuit as the damaged Armada moves away from Flanders into the North Sea.

Howard reduces close pursuit after the Armada is driven clear of Flanders and English ammunition runs low.

Quebec is temporarily surrendered to the English

1st European settler in the Bronx

Serves in Spanish Habsburg military command during the French capture of Arras

Charles declares leading parliamentary opponents traitors and calls for their suppression.

Charles declares leading parliamentary opponents traitors and calls for their suppression.

Marlborough begins the siege of Bouchain after crossing the French defensive lines.

Temporarily buried in a vault in Henry VII's Chapel at Westminster Abbey.

Russia joins Britain, Austria and other powers in the Third Coalition against Napoleon.

Russia joins Britain, Austria and other powers in the Third Coalition against Napoleon.

Becomes King of the French after the July Revolution establishes the July Monarchy.

Commands British naval forces during the bombardment of Sveaborg.

Bombards Russian defences and dockyard installations at Sveaborg.

Participates in British naval operations against the Russian fortress and dockyard at Sveaborg.

Commands French naval forces cooperating with Dundas in the bombardment of Sveaborg.

Appointed Home Secretary

The Russian Fleet, threatened by artillery, quits Port Arthur & attempts to make Vladivostok

Simpson resumes upper-air observations by launching a balloon from Cape Evans.

Appointed President of Argentina after the death of Roque Saenz Pena

With his Second Army virtually destroyed, of a total of 150,000 men under his command less than 10,000 escaped German capture, Samsonov, lost in wooded terrain, and unable to face reporting the scale of the disaster to Tsar Nicholas II, commits suicide

With his Second Army virtually destroyed, of a total of 150,000 men under his command less than 10,000 escaped German capture, Samsonov, lost in wooded terrain, and unable to face reporting the scale of the disaster to Tsar Nicholas II, commits suicide

Mustafa Kemal prepares a concentrated counterattack against British troops holding positions near Chunuk Bair.

Hammersley's troops attack around Scimitar Hill but are driven back amid increasing Ottoman artillery, rifle fire and burning scrub.

Hansen repeatedly crosses exposed ground under fire and rescues six wounded soldiers threatened by burning scrub.

The 1/1st Herefordshire Regiment lands at C Beach in the morning as the 53rd Welsh Division enters the Suvla fighting.

Godley directs renewed attacks toward Hill Q as the August offensive struggles to secure the Sari Bair crest.

Burton helps defend a trench barricade during close fighting at Lone Pine.

Shout leads repeated bombing attacks against Ottoman trenches during the fighting at Lone Pine.

Dunstan remains at a forward bombing position while Ottoman counterattacks press the Australian line.

Hamilton holds a forward trench position under intense fire during the Battle of Lone Pine.

Tubb helps defend a captured sap against repeated Ottoman bombing attacks at Lone Pine.

Shout is mortally wounded when a bomb explodes during close fighting at Lone Pine.

Mustafa Kemal directs Ottoman forces onto the heights overlooking Suvla before the British can seize them.

Hamilton observes that Ottoman reinforcements have reached Tekke Tepe before the delayed British advance can secure the ridge.

The Provisional Government schedules Constituent Assembly elections for 12 Nov

Schedules elections to the Constituent Assembly for November.

The Provisional Government schedules Constituent Assembly elections for 12 Nov

The Provisional Government schedules Constituent Assembly elections for 12 Nov

The Provisional Government schedules Constituent Assembly elections for 12 Nov

"The fate of the revolution hangs in the balance". Arrives at Svyazk to go to the relief of Kazan

Publishes guidance encouraging schools and universities to support civic education in the democratic republican state.

Winner of the 4 x 100m relay team Olympic Gold Medal

Churchill & Roosevelt meet for the 1st of their wartime meetings in Newfoundland

Meets Roosevelt at the Atlantic Conference in Newfoundland.

Seeks closer American support while Britain remains at war with Germany.

Participates in military discussions with American chiefs.

Represents British Army planning during the Atlantic Conference.

Participates in the conference as Roosevelt's close wartime adviser.

Supports Anglo-American coordination during the Newfoundland meetings.

Attends the Atlantic Conference as commander of the United States Atlantic Fleet.

Contributes to naval discussions surrounding Atlantic security and cooperation.

Represents United States Army planning during talks with British chiefs.

Takes part in military discussions at the Atlantic Conference.

Discusses Atlantic strategy with senior United States naval officers.

Takes part in Anglo-American naval talks at the conference.

Begins the Atlantic Conference while the United States remains formally neutral.

Meets Churchill in Newfoundland to discuss war aims and the postwar order.

Discusses Anglo-American maritime strategy with British naval leaders.

Participates in naval discussions during the Atlantic Conference.

Advises Roosevelt during political discussions with the British delegation.

Participates in the Atlantic Conference as the State Department representative.

Appointed Commander of the Stalingrad front by Stalin

Yeremenko is appointed to command the entire Stalingrad front by Stalin

Yeremenko is appointed to command the entire Stalingrad front by Stalin

Yeremenko is appointed to command the entire Stalingrad front by Stalin

Reaches Maikop, Grozny, Batumi & Baku all appear to be within grasp

Appointed Commander of the Stalingrad front by Stalin

Turns the 5th & Free French 2nd northward to Le Mans

Fails to persuade Eisenhower to transfer D-Day from Marsailles to Brest

Turns the 5th & Free French 2nd northward to Le Mans

The Canadian Armys offensive stalled on August 9, with strong Wehrmacht counterattacks resulting in heavy casualties for the Canadian and Polish armoured and infantry divisions

The Germans begin their withdrawal from Paris

The Canadian Armys offensive stalled on August 9, with strong Wehrmacht counterattacks resulting in heavy casualties for the Canadian and Polish armoured and infantry divisions

The USA drops a plutonium bomb on Hiroshima. More than 10 sqr miles are obliterated & 137,000 killed

The USA drops the atomic bomb on Nagasaki, over 73,000 are killed

The USA drops the atomic bomb on Nagasaki

"Fat Man", an implosion-type plutonium-239 weapon, is used against the city of Nagasaki, Japan

The USA drops the atomic bomb on Nagasaki

"Fat Man", an implosion-type plutonium-239 weapon, is used against the city of Nagasaki, Japan

"Fat Man", an implosion-type plutonium-239 weapon, is used against the city of Nagasaki, Japan

"Fat Man", an implosion-type plutonium-239 weapon, is used against the city of Nagasaki, Japan

"Fat Man", an implosion-type plutonium-239 weapon, is used against the city of Nagasaki, Japan

The United States drops a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki three days after Hiroshima.

Anami resists immediate acceptance of Allied terms and supports additional conditions before Japan ends the war.

Togo proposes accepting the Potsdam Declaration while seeking preservation of the imperial institution.

Hirohito's intervention breaks the leadership deadlock and commits Japan to surrender.

Yonai joins Suzuki and Togo in supporting an end to the war during the leadership crisis after the Soviet attack and Nagasaki bombing.

Suzuki supports ending the war while the Supreme Council remains divided over acceptance of the Potsdam terms.

The Supreme Council is deadlocked on the question of surrender. Suzuki approaches Hirohito who tells him Japan should surrender

Nourse becomes the first chairman of the new Council of Economic Advisers.

Participates in delivering petitions against discriminatory pass laws.

Oversees evacuation of British civilians from the Canal Zone during the crisis.

Carries petitions to the seat of government with other leaders.

Presents opposition to extending pass laws to African women.

Mobilizes opposition to compulsory passes for African women.

Helps lead the national women's march against pass laws.

Joins the four principal leaders of the women's march.

Helps lead thousands of women to the Union Buildings.

Helps lead the women's march to the Union Buildings.

Leads a military coup in Vientiane and calls for Lao neutrality

Leads a coup calling for neutrality as Laos becomes central to the wider Vietnam War

Forms a neutralist government after the August coup

Overthrown by Kong Le neutralist military coup

Returns to office after Kong Le neutralist coup overturns the Somsanith government

Receives Harold Macmillan's letter requesting negotiations on British accession while serving as President-in-Office of the EEC Council.

Police arrested Bringuier and other Cuban exiles along with Oswald after the street confrontation.

A confrontation developed when Carlos Bringuier and other anti-Castro Cubans encountered Oswald distributing pro-Castro literature.

Bringuier confronted Oswald over his pro-Castro leafleting, leading to a disturbance that brought New Orleans police to the scene.

Oswald distributed Fair Play for Cuba Committee literature in downtown New Orleans, bringing his pro-Castro activity into direct contact with anti-Castro Cuban exiles.

New Orleans police arrested Oswald after the confrontation surrounding his Fair Play for Cuba Committee leafleting.

Police arrested Oswald on August 9, 1963, after a confrontation with Cuban exiles while he distributed Fair Play for Cuba leaflets.

Bringuier encountered Oswald publicly distributing Fair Play for Cuba Committee material only days after Oswald had offered help to anti-Castro activists.

Papandreou's government supports diplomatic efforts to halt fighting in Cyprus.

Internment without trial introduced in Northern Ireland

India and the Soviet Union sign the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation.

The Industry Act expands government financial assistance for companies and regional development.

Leads the committee when it files a federal lawsuit seeking judicial enforcement of its demand for Nixon's tapes and other presidential materials.

Immediately sworn in after Nixons resignation

Appointed President of the USA, 38th President

Formally resigns the presidency in a letter to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, becoming the first United States president to leave office by resignation.

Is sworn in as president after Nixon's resignation and declares that the long national nightmare is over.

The Act restructures thrift regulation and funds resolution of failed savings institutions.

Represents Kuwait as the UN rejects Iraqi annexation.

Defends Kuwait's continuing international legal personality.

Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, heading a non-LDP coalition

Takes the oath for a second presidential term after defeating Gennady Zyuganov.

Appointed acting Prime Minister of the Government of the Russian Federation by President Boris Yeltsin

Stepashin is fired without explanation, Yeltsin nominates Vladimir Putin, former KGB official, head of the FSB, and secretary of the Russian Security Council

Stepashin is fired without explanation, Yeltsin nominates Vladimir Putin, former KGB official, head of the FSB, and secretary of the Russian Security Council

Stepashin is fired without explanation, Yeltsin nominates Vladimir Putin, former KGB official, head of the FSB, and secretary of the Russian Security Council

Elected leader of the Liberal Democrats after the retirement of Paddy Ashdown

Yeltsin elevates the obscure Putin to the position of Prime Minister, and shortly thereafter designates him as his successor

Dismisses Sergei Stepashin, appoints Vladimir Putin acting prime minister and identifies him as his preferred successor.

Publicly identifies Vladimir Putin as the politician he wants to succeed him as president.

Stepashin is fired without explanation, Yeltsin nominates Vladimir Putin, former KGB official, head of the FSB, and secretary of the Russian Security Council

Iranian Head of State Ayatollah Ali Khamenei issues a fatwa forbidding the production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons

Iranian Head of State Ayatollah Ali Khamenei issues a fatwa forbidding the production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons

Members elect Magariaf to lead the General National Congress.

Claims victory in a disputed presidential election.

Challenges Alexander Lukashenko in the disputed presidential election.

Signs the CHIPS and Science Act.

The President dissolves the National Assembly on the Prime Minister's advice.

Returns to Barcelona from RB Leipzig after previously developing in the club's youth system.

Declares emergency measures during Ukraine's incursion.

Orders evacuations after intensified cross-border fighting.

Birth of Isaac Walton

Birth of John Dryden

Death of Valens, in battle against the Visigoths

Death of Valens, the Visigoths defeat the Roman Army & kill the Emperor

Death of Damasus II

Is killed near Turda after renewed conflict.

With his Second Army virtually destroyed, of a total of 150,000 men under his command less than 10,000 escaped German capture, Samsonov, lost in wooded terrain, and unable to face reporting the scale of the disaster to Tsar Nicholas II, commits suicide

With his Second Army virtually destroyed, of a total of 150,000 men under his command less than 10,000 escaped German capture, Samsonov, lost in wooded terrain, and unable to face reporting the scale of the disaster to Tsar Nicholas II, commits suicide. Shoots himself after the Battle of Tannenberg

Death of Sharon Tate

Victory of the Goths leads to a settlement of frontiers with Rome & fall of the Empire. The Visigoths defeat the Roman Army & kill the Emperor. The power of cavalry is demonstrated for the 1st time

Defeats Oswin for the throne of Northumbria

Harald III Hardrada defeats Sweyn of Denmark at Niz, the two rulers recognize each other as sovereign in their respective countries

Harald III Hardrada defeats Sweyn II at Niz before the rulers later recognise each other's kingdoms.

United States forces attack Mexican positions at Molino del Rey

The Hungarians are defeated by the Russians at Temesvar

The Hungarians are defeated by the Russians at Temesvar

The Germans mount a counter-attack at nearby Cernay, Bonneau begins a slow withdrawal

Mikawa's cruiser force surprises the Allied screening force and wins a major night victory off Savo Island.

Defeated by the Americans & forced into retreat

Delayed by six weeks due to appendicitis