January 23 in History

Marries Edith, daughter of Earl Godwin who becomes the power behind the throne

For religious reasons Edward will not consumate the marriage & will not have an heir. Edward marries Edith, daughter of Earl Godwin

For religious reasons Edward will not consumate the marriage & will not have an heir. Edward marries Edith, daughter of Earl Godwin

Mise of Amiens, judgment of Louis ix in favor of Henry III & against the Barons

Hongwu begins ruling as the first emperor of the Ming dynasty

Zhu Yuanzhang proclaims the Ming dynasty and takes the Hongwu reign title

Richard III opens his first Parliament and seeks statutory recognition of his title.

Orders action against suspected conspirators as the plot becomes known.

The Worlds worst ever disaster, 830,000 perish. About 830,000 perish after earthquakes cause the Yellow & Wei rivers to flood

About 830,000 perish after earthquakes cause the Yellow & Wei rivers to flood

Lands at Forth & sails for the communication line between Leith & the French

Moray is shot dead in Linlithgow by Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, a supporter of Mary

Elizabeth I opens the Royal Exchange

Proclaims independence of the northern provinces, William becomes uncrowned ruler

The Union of Utrecht unites 7 provinces which declare their Independence from Spain

6 Dutch Habsburg provinces pledge to act as allies in the event of war

Proclaims independence of the northern provinces, William becomes uncrowned ruler

6 Dutch Habsburg provinces pledge to act as allies in the event of war

Proclaims independence of the northern provinces, William becomes uncrowned ruler

An alliance between Sweden & France, Treaty of Barwalde

Guarantees freedom of worship for Catholics in Germany. An alliance between Sweden & France. Agrees not to make a separate peace for 5 yrs

France promises Gustavus Adolphus an annual subsidy of a million pounds

The Cortes offers the Portuguese throne to Louis XIII

Captures Leads for the Parliamentarians

England, Holland & Sweden ally against France's ambitions in the Spanish Netherlands

Succeeds as Elector of Hanover

Appointed Lord Chancellor

Prussia takes Danzig, Thorn & Great Poland

Prussia takes Danzig, Thorn & Great Poland

Prussia takes Danzig, Thorn & Great Poland

Russia takes most of Lithuania & western Ukraine. Russia has the right of troop movements & to direct Polish foreign policy. Prussia takes Danzig & great Poland

Russia takes most of Lithuania & western Ukraine. Russia has the right of troop movement & to direct Polish Foreign policy. Prussia takes Danzig, Thorn & great Poland

Prussia takes Danzig, Thorn & Great Poland

Russia takes most of Lithuania & western Ukraine during the 2nd partition of Poland. Prussia takes Danzig, Thorn & Great Poland

Prussia takes Danzig, Thorn & Great Poland

Present at the successful storming of Multan

Drafts a resolution on procedures for discussing the International's congress programme.

The Catholic Centre increases its seats because of hatred of the May Laws. Catholics rally around the Centre Party which increases its vote from 63 to 91 seats

Evans suffers worsening frostbite to his hands and nose during the return across the polar plateau.

When the news of the Turkish coup reaches London it was recognized that further negotiations are useless and that the London Peace Conference had failed

The Turkish Government is overthrown by the Young Turks & its leader Enver Bey. After a coup, Kiamil Pasha is driven from power and Nazim Pasha murdered by Enver Bey, who places himself at the head of a new Government

After a coup, Kiamil Pasha is driven from power and Nazim Pasha murdered by Enver Bey, who places himself at the head of a new Government

When the news of the Turkish coup reaches London it was recognized that further negotiations are useless and that the London Peace Conference had failed

Helps overthrow Kiamil Pasha during the war.

Helps overthrow the Ottoman government and renew the war.

Is forced from power by the Young Turk coup.

Prepares Serbia for resumed operations after the Ottoman political crisis.

The Turkish Government is overthrown by the Young Turks & its leader Enver Bey

British naval intelligence gives the Admiralty enough warning to organise an interception of Hipper's force.

Beatty sails from Rosyth with five battlecruisers after the Admiralty orders an interception of Hipper.

Ingenohl orders Hipper's scouting force toward Dogger Bank to attack British fishing vessels and patrols.

Hipper sails with battlecruisers, Blücher, light cruisers and destroyers to strike British forces around Dogger Bank.

Tyrwhitt's light cruisers and destroyers sail from Harwich to join the planned interception near Dogger Bank.

Room 40 deciphers German naval signals revealing Hipper's planned operation toward Dogger Bank.

Podgoritza (Montenegro) occupied by Austrian forces

Scutari (Albania) occupied by Austrian forces

Trotsky suspends the peace negotiations

Is appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health in Ramsay MacDonald’s first Labour government.

Tombaugh exposes one of the photographic plates later used, with the January 29 plate, to identify Pluto's motion.

Explains the relationship between insurance benefits and Poor Law relief.

Deals with questions concerning refuse disposal and public health in London.

Appointed Minister of the Interior for Thuringia

Answers Commons questions concerning administration of the Nurses Registration Act.

Responds to public-health questions concerning the outbreak of psittacosis.

Defends Labour government policy on slum clearance and housing conditions.

Outstandind biorder disputes are settled with Persia

The first operational break into Enigma when the team working under Dilly Knox, with the mathematicians John Jeffreys, Peter Twinn and Alan Turing, unravelled the German Army administrative key that became known at Bletchley Park as The Green, encouraged by this success, the codebreakers later crack the Red key used by the Luftwaffe

The first operational break into Enigma when the team working under Dilly Knox, with the mathematicians John Jeffreys, Peter Twinn and Alan Turing, unravelled the German Army administrative key that became known at Bletchley Park as The Green, encouraged by this success, the codebreakers later crack the Red key used by the Luftwaffe

The first operational break into Enigma when the team working under Dilly Knox, with the mathematicians John Jeffreys, Peter Twinn and Alan Turing, unravelled the German Army administrative key that became known at Bletchley Park as The Green, encouraged by this success, the codebreakers later crack the Red key used by the Luftwaffe

The first operational break into Enigma when the team working under Dilly Knox, with the mathematicians John Jeffreys, Peter Twinn and Alan Turing, unravelled the German Army administrative key that became known at Bletchley Park as The Green, encouraged by this success, the codebreakers later crack the Red key used by the Luftwaffe

The first operational break into Enigma when the team working under Dilly Knox, with the mathematicians John Jeffreys, Peter Twinn and Alan Turing, unravelled the German Army administrative key that became known at Bletchley Park as The Green, encouraged by this success, the codebreakers later crack the Red key used by the Luftwaffe

The first operational break into Enigma when the team working under Dilly Knox, with the mathematicians John Jeffreys, Peter Twinn and Alan Turing, unravelled the German Army administrative key that became known at Bletchley Park as The Green, encouraged by this success, the codebreakers later crack the Red key used by the Luftwaffe

The first operational break into Enigma when the team working under Dilly Knox, with the mathematicians John Jeffreys, Peter Twinn and Alan Turing, unravelled the German Army administrative key that became known at Bletchley Park as The Green, encouraged by this success, the codebreakers later crack the Red key used by the Luftwaffe

The first operational break into Enigma when the team working under Dilly Knox, with the mathematicians John Jeffreys, Peter Twinn and Alan Turing, unravelled the German Army administrative key that became known at Bletchley Park as The Green, encouraged by this success, the codebreakers later crack the Red key used by the Luftwaffe

Britain captures Tripoli

The Eighth Army marches into Tripoli & all of North Africa comes into Allied hands

Enters Tripoli after the Axis retreat from Egypt, removing the immediate landward threat to the Suez Canal.

Eighth Army enters Tripoli after the long pursuit from El Alamein across Libya.

36,000 Allied roops sucessfuly land with the loss of only 13 lives

Presides over the first major military affairs conference of his restored presidency in Taiwan.

A provisional government junta led by Wolfgang Larrazabal assumed authority and promised national elections.

Military and civilian opposition forced Marcos Perez Jimenez from power.

Appointed President of the Government Junta of Venezuela after the fall of Marcos Perez Jimenez

A B-52 bomber carrying two 24 megaton bombs crashes, one of the bombs, five of six interlocking safety devices fail, and a single switch prevents detonation, the explosion would have been 1,800 times more powerful than Hiroshima

The Constitution of 1961 established a representative democratic system and protected civil and political rights.

Answers extensive parliamentary questions during a smallpox outbreak and discusses vaccination and public-health measures.

Welcomes ratification of the Twenty-Fourth Amendment abolishing poll taxes in federal elections.

North Korea seizes the USS Pueblo, claiming the ship violated its territorial waters while spying

North Korea seizes the USS Pueblo, claiming the ship violated its territorial waters while spying

North Korea seizes the U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo.

The Paris Accords specify a ceasefire but do not delineate territorial boundaries

The Paris Peace Agreement is signed. The Paris Accords specify a ceasefire but do not delineate territorial boundaries

Peace Accords are signed with North Vietnam

The Paris Accords specify a ceasefire but do not delineate territorial boundaries

The Paris Accords specify a ceasefire but do not delineate territorial boundaries

The Paris Peace Agreement is signed

The Paris Peace Agreement is signed

The Paris Peace Agreement is signed

Hanoi & Washington impose an agreement on Saigon

The Paris Peace Agreement is signed

Hanoi & Washington impose an agreement on Saigon

Announces for the first time in the Commons a referendum will be held on EEC membership

Announces that collective Cabinet responsibility will be relaxed

Announces for the first time in the Commons a referendum will be held on EEC membership

Releases Station to Station, introducing the Thin White Duke persona and bridging soul, rock and European art music.

Goes on national TV to discuss the constitutional crisis in Rhodesia

Pink Floyd begin the In the Flesh tour supporting Animals

Goes on national TV to discuss the constitutional crisis in Rhodesia

Goes on national TV to discuss the constitutional crisis in Rhodesia

"Animals" is released

"Animals" is released

One of the "Gang of Four", former Labour Minister's who found the SDP

Chuck Berry is inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

James Brown is inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

Ray Charles is inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

Sam Cooke is inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

Fats Domino is inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

Buddy Holly is inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

Jerry Lee Lewis is inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

Elvis Presley is inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

Little Richard is inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame

Wins the South Down by-election after Unionist MPs resign their seats to campaign against the Anglo-Irish Agreement.

The spill creates a major wartime environmental disaster.

The action creates a severe Gulf environmental disaster.

Iraqi forces release large quantities of oil from Kuwaiti facilities.

Appointed Minister of the Interior

Appointed Minister of Defence

Becomes FC Porto head coach and begins the most successful period of his early managerial career.

Musharraf acknowledges evidence that Pakistani scientists participated in unauthorized nuclear transfers.

Israeli radio reports that Abbas had secured a 30-day ceasefire from Hamas and Islamic Jihad

Israeli radio reports that Abbas had secured a 30-day ceasefire from Hamas and Islamic Jihad

Israeli radio reports that Abbas had secured a 30-day ceasefire from Hamas and Islamic Jihad

Israeli radio reports that Abbas had secured a 30-day ceasefire from Hamas and Islamic Jihad

Admits that the war in Iraq is not going as planned, "This is not the fight we entered in Iraq, but it is the fight we are in," he says, "Every one of us wishes that this war were over and won"

Signs a peace agreement with the government and other armed groups intended to reduce conflict in the Kivus.

After members of Hamas destroy parts of a wall that separates the Gaza Strip from Egypt, tens of thousands of Palestinians pass into Egypt to buy food and supplies that are either unavailable in Gaza or are exorbitantly priced

Karamanlis makes the first official visit by a Greek prime minister to Turkey in decades.

After members of Hamas destroy parts of a wall that separates the Gaza Strip from Egypt, tens of thousands of Palestinians pass into Egypt to buy food and supplies that are either unavailable in Gaza or are exorbitantly priced

Promises an in-out referendum on European Union membership if the Conservatives win the next election.

Sets out the pledge for renegotiation and an in out referendum.

Promises an in-out referendum on European Union membership if the Conservatives win the next election.

Takes office as minister of defence after King Salman's accession.

Appoints Mohammed bin Salman as minister of defence.

Becomes crown prince following King Salman's accession.

Succeeds King Abdullah as the seventh king of Saudi Arabia.

Faces first lawsuit alleging violation of the Constitution’s emoluments clause.

Reinstates restrictions on U.S. funding to NGOs providing abortion counseling.

Reinstates the Mexico City Policy restricting abortion-related foreign aid.

Directs withdrawal of the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership.

Authorities lock down Wuhan as COVID-19 spreads from Hubei province.

The European Union Withdrawal Agreement Act receives royal assent.

Starmer promises higher ethical standards and stronger integrity rules for government.

Returns as Taoiseach after nomination by Dail Eireann and appointment by the President.

Releases BRITPOP, earning a sixteenth solo UK number one album according to Official Charts.

Birth of Muzio Clementi

Birth of Horst Mahler

Succeeded by his cousin Duke Henry of Bavaria. Death of Otto III, of malaria while on a campaign against the Romans

Death of James Stewart of Moray, shot dead in Linlithgow by Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh, a supporter of Mary

His last words are "oh, my Country! how I leave my Country"

Is killed during the Young Turk coup.

Answers questions concerning a patient death at Harton Hospital.

Death of Salvador Dali

Hitler's last powerful reserve, the panzer elite, are lost. Despite initial gains 77,000 Allies & 130,000 Germans are lost

Proclaims independence of the northern provinces, William becomes uncrowned ruler