August 22 in History

Death of Stilicho, executed by Honorius

David I is defeated near Northallerton while invading England in support of Matilda against Stephen

Gathers an army at York to defend the North of England from incursions by the Scots

Renews his truce with Henry III

Committed & sentenced to death

Philip destroys the Somme bridges but a ford is crossed & Edward retreats to Flanders

Joins the invasion Army at the border

Captures the Border Castle of Norham while Henry VIII is fighting in France

Northumberland is executed after the failure of the Jane Grey succession

John Dudley Duke of Northumberland is executed after the succession crisis

Charles raises the Royal Standard at Nottingham and summons supporters to arms.

Charles raises the Royal Standard at Nottingham and summons supporters to arms.

Created Knight of the Garter by Charles I

Present with Charles I in Nottingham when the Royal Standard is raised declaring war

Charles arrives at Nottingham and begins formally assembling the Royalist army.

Charles arrives at Nottingham and begins formally assembling the Royalist army.

Charles raises his standard and formally summons supporters against Parliament.

Charles raises his standard and formally summons supporters against Parliament.

Charles II occupies Worcester with fewer than sixteen thousand troops after his expected English support fails to materialize.

Leslie enters Worcester with the Scottish army and prepares to defend the city against Cromwell's converging Parliamentarian forces.

Charles II establishes Worcester as his temporary headquarters while the Royalist army rests, gathers supplies and prepares for battle.

Mustafa II is deposed during the Edirne Incident.

Ahmed III succeeds his brother during the Edirne Incident.

George II marries Caroline of Ansbach

Marries Caroline, daughter of John Ferederick Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

Marries George II

Marlborough captures Menin during the Allied campaign after Ramillies.

Charles XII leaves Saxony with a large Swedish army and begins the march toward Russia.

Leaves Saxony with the main Swedish army.

The Allied siege operations against Lille begin after the victory at Oudenaarde.

Handel composes "The Water Music" for a royal water-party for George I

Handel composes "The Water Music" for a royal water-party for George I

Handel began composing Messiah in London and completed the score within approximately twenty-four days.

Faces the outbreak of the northern slave revolt

Helps lead the opening slave uprising in northern Saint-Domingue

Appointed Head of the Directory

Appointed Head of the Directory

Napoleon helped establish the Institut d'Egypte to organise scientific study, research and technical work during the occupation.

Leaves Egypt for France to save the Revolution

Commands the Austrian army which captures Venice

Upon the death of the Xianfeng Emperor, his Empress, aged 25, was promoted to the status of Empress Dowager. Although her official title was "Empress Dowager Ci'an", she was popularly known as the "East Empress Dowager" because she lived in the eastern Zhongcui Palace

Upon the death of the Xianfeng Emperor, his Empress, aged 25, was promoted to the status of Empress Dowager

The Nikolsburg preliminaries stop the Prussian advance and outline the final settlement.

Succeeds as Duke of Saxe-Coburg & Gotha

Newnes stipulated that Borchgrevinks expedition must sail under the British flag, and be styled the British Antarctic Expedition. Borchgrevink readily agreed to this, even though only two of the entire expedition party were British

Barrier's surface.

It also pioneered the use of dogs and sledges in Antarctic travel. Borchgrevink purchases the whaling ship Pollux, renamed her Southern Cross, and had her fitted out for Antarctic service, the Southern Cross sails from London

The Southern Cross Expedition, officially known as the British Antarctic Expedition 1898-1900, was the first British venture of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, and the forerunner of the more celebrated journeys of Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton.

The brainchild of the Norwegian-born, half-British explorer and schoolmaster Carsten Borchgrevink, it was the first expedition to over-winter on the Antarctic mainland, the first to visit the Great Ice Barrier since James Clark Ross in 1839-43, and the first to effect a landing on the

Newnes stipulated that Borchgrevinks expedition must sail under the British flag, and be styled the British Antarctic Expedition. Borchgrevink readily agreed to this, even though only two of the entire expedition party were British. Borchgrevink eventually managed to persuade publisher Sir George Newnes (whose business rival Alfred Harmsworth was backing the RGS venture) to meet the full cost of his expedition, some £40,000 (approximately £3,979,500 in 2016)

Directs The Student of Prague, a landmark German silent fantasy film.

British and French Governments guarantee to Belgium the integrity of her colonies

Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium

Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium

Invades Germany near the village of Tannenberg

Eight days after the French offensive had begun both First and Second Armies are back to the fortress zones of Belfort, Epinal and Toul

Appointed Commander of the Russian armed forces

Uses Krymov cavalry corps in plans involving Petrograd.

Commands III Corps in Fourth Army operations during the renewed Somme advance.

Advances Fourth Army alongside Third Army as Albert is retaken.

En-Lai organizes a demonstration in Beijing

The magazine "Tianjin Student" is closed down by the police

The magazine "Tianjin Student" is closed down by the police

Collins crushes opposition to the Free State Treaty in Dublin & is ambushed in Cork

Collins crushes opposition to the Free State Treaty in Dublin & is ambushed in Cork

Collins crushes opposition to the Free State Treaty in Dublin & is ambushed in Cork

The ambush party, allegedly commanded by Liam Deasy, had mostly dispersed to a nearby pub by 8pm, when Collins and his men returned to Beal na mBlath but the remaining five ambushers open fire on the convoy

The ambush party, allegedly commanded by Liam Deasy, had mostly dispersed to a nearby pub by 8pm, when Collins and his men returned to Beal na mBlath but the remaining five ambushers open fire on the convoy

Pangalos is overthrown by forces led by Georgios Kondylis.

Overthrown in a coup

Kondylis leads the coup that removes Pangalos and restores parliamentary government.

The Cabinet splits over the need for economy cuts

Signs the Geraman-Russisan Non Aggression Pact with Ribbentrop in Moscow

Hears of Ribbentrops trip to Russia for a pact, express displeasure to Weizsacker

Announces a probable invasion of Poland on 26th August

Addresses generals saying that "Might is right"

Flies to Moscow to sign the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin

Laval proclaims on that he," hoped for German victory because without it tomorrow Bolshevism will be everywhere". Laval goes on the radio to announce la Releve , under which the Germans agree to free one French prisoner for every three French workers who volunteer for work in Germany

Telegrams Churchill & Roosevelt saying he is a "passive observer"

Roosevelt & Churchill agree to hold a tripartite conference including Russia

Telegrams Churchill & Roosevelt saying he is a "passive observer". Roosevelt & Churchill agree to hold a tripartite conference including Russia

Proposes to setup a secret underground camp in the Harz Mountains to produce V2s

In charge of secret underground camps in the Harz Mountains to produce V2 rockets

Ordered to advance on Paris at the head of the 2nd French Armoured Division

Poles & Americans seal the Falaise pocket officially ending the Normandy Campaign

The Poles & Americans meet & seal the Falaise pocket, ends the Normandy Campaign

Poles & Americans seal the Falaise pocket officially ending the Normandy Campaign

Orders the Allied attack on Paris

Renominated for a 2nd term as Vice President

Oswald departed from San Diego on August 22, 1957, en route to Yokosuka, Japan, for overseas duty.

Lee departed San Diego aboard the USS Bexar on August 22, 1957, traveling with Marine replacements bound for Japan.

Becomes US ambassador during the crisis of the Diem regime

Appointed Secretary of State

Argues Nixon's position in federal court, defending presidential confidentiality against the special prosecutor's demand for Watergate recordings.

Argues in federal court that the special prosecutor is entitled to subpoenaed White House recordings needed for the Watergate criminal investigation.

The Lok Sabha is dissolved after Charan Singh resigns without facing a confidence vote.

Authorizes negotiations that produce the Khasavyurt agreements ending large-scale fighting in the First Chechen War.

Clinton signs the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996, which includes time limits for welfare, work requirements, and assistance for people transitioning to work

Clinton signs the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996, which includes time limits for welfare, work requirements, and assistance for people transitioning to work

David Brandt becomes Chief Minister during the volcanic crisis period

Winner of the 100 meters World title

Winner of the 100 meters World title

Chairs the National Security Council and responds as Qadhafi's regime loses control of most of Tripoli.

Leads Webb observations revealing detailed auroras, hazes, rings and small satellites around Jupiter.

Death of Stilicho, executed by Honorius

Death of Pope Gregory IX, age 94

Death of John Howard

Death of Richard III, killed at Bosworth

Death of Richard III, killed at Bosworth

Dies in Lublin

Death of Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil

Death of Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil

Death of Michael Collins

Is killed in an ambush while serving as chairman of the Provisional Government.

Death of Jomo Kenyatta

Death of Jomo Kenyatta

Stephen defeates the Scots under David I near Northallerton

David I is defeated near Northallerton while invading England in support of Matilda against Stephen

The Battle of Northallerton, better known as the Battle of the Standard, is the first major engagement between English and Scots since the Norman Conquest. Stephen defeates the Scots under David I near Northallerton

Defeats the Scots at the Battle of the Standard

Alleged to have retrieved Richards lost crown from the battlefield and placed it on the head of his own stepson

After the Battle of Bosworth, it was Stanley who placed the crown on the head of his stepson (Henry VII), who later made him Earl of Derby.

Margaret was then styled "Countess of Richmond and Derby".

This record states: Margarets husband Stanley, despite having fought for Richard III during the Buckingham rebellion, did not respond when summoned to fight at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, remaining aloof from the battle.

This record states: even though his eldest son, George Stanley (styled Lord Strange), was held hostage by Richard.

A Commander at Bosworth for Richard III

Henry Tudors standard bearer, killed by Richard III

Simon Digby deserts Richard III & joins Henry VII giving details of Richards position

Supports Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth

Richard III is killed during the fighting at Bosworth. Tradition holds that the recovered crown is presented to Henry Tudor after the battle.

Stanley intervention helps turn the battle. Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at Bosworth and claims the English throne.

A Commander for Richard III at Bosworth

Supports Richard III at Bosworth. A Commander for Richard III at Bosworth

The last King of England to die in battle. Richards horse sinks in a bog where is surrounded by his enemies & killed. Henry Tudor is challenged by Richard at Bosworth Field. Despite having a larger army Richard is killed after Stanley defects with 7,000 troops

Commands Welsh levies in support of Henry Tudor

Supports Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth, allegedly kills Richard III. Stanley changes sides & helps secures Henry VIIs victory & crown

Commands the Shrophire levies in support of Henry Tudor

Supports Henry VIIs final victory over Richard III

Fights for Henry VII at Bosworth

Fights at Bosworth for Henry VII, Henry Tudor

Arrives with a force of 16,000 men. Arrives at the Royalist town of Worcester which clears the garrison for him

Takes part in the battle for Bleid

Eight days after the French offensive had begun both First and Second Armies are back to the fortress zones of Belfort, Epinal and Toul

Invades Germany near the village of Tannenberg

The British break theough the German lines & cross the River Ancre

Leads the 16th Panzer Division across the River Don

Forced to authorize a withdrawal from Kharkov

Authorized by Hitler to withdraw from Kharkov