January 17 in History

The Schism in the Western Roman Church resulted from the return of the papacy to Rome under Gregory XI on January 17, 1377, ending the Avignon Papacy, which had developed a reputation for corruption that estranged major parts of Western Christendom

The Schism in the Western Roman Church resulted from the return of the papacy to Rome under Gregory XI on January 17, 1377, ending the Avignon Papacy, which had developed a reputation for corruption that estranged major parts of Western Christendom

Placed under arrest by his brother, Edward the Lord Protector. For scheming to marry Edward VI to Lady Jane Grey & himself to Pricess Elizabeth

Seymour is arrested for fraud

For scheming to marry Edward VI to Lady Jane Grey & himself to Pricess Elizabeth

The royal government grants limited toleration to Huguenots

Catherine issues limited toleration for Protestant worship outside towns

Frederick establishes the Order of the Black Eagle before his coronation.

Maries Maria Theresa's sister, Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria

Captures Edindurgh then tries to releive the siege of Stirling but defeated at Falkirk

First recorded crossing of the Antarctic Circle during Cook's second voyage

Discovers Hawaii, names them the Sandwich Islands after Lord Sandwich

Barras voted for the death of Louis XVI without an appeal to the people or a suspension of sentence.

Villeneuve decides to dash toward Gibraltar after the long Toulon blockade.

Villeneuve decides to dash toward Gibraltar after the long Toulon blockade.

Villeneuve decides to leave Toulon and move toward Gibraltar after prolonged British naval pressure.

Crushes the rebellion led by Hidalgo

Gains recognition from Britain of the independence of the Boer State of Transvaal

To characterize Bismarck's politics toward the Catholic Church, the pathologist and member of the Parliament of the Deutsche Fortschrittspartei (Progressive Liberals) Rudolf Virchow uses the term Kulturkampf the first time

Lands at Possession Island, leaves a message in a canister to prove the visit, and records lichen, one of the first plant-life finds south of the Antarctic Circle

The main expedition hut at Cape Evans is completed.

Bowers constructs internal partitions and storage arrangements as the expedition settles into the Cape Evans hut.

The shore party moves into the completed Cape Evans hut and begins organised winter-quarters life.

The shore party now has permanent winter accommodation.

Simpson establishes his meteorological working area within the Cape Evans hut for regular atmospheric observations.

The party discovers that Amundsen's Norwegian team arrived first.

Reaches the South Pole and finds that Amundsen's Norwegian party has arrived first

Stands with Scott, Oates, Bowers and Evans at the South Pole after the Norwegian party has already departed

Bowers reaches the South Pole as a member of Scott's five-man polar party.

Edgar Evans reaches the South Pole with Scott's five-man party after the Norwegian expedition.

Oates reaches the South Pole with Scott's party and learns that Amundsen has won the race.

Reaches the South Pole after Amundsen's party.

Wilson reaches the South Pole with Scott, Bowers, Oates and Edgar Evans after the Norwegians have already arrived.

Reaches the South Pole with Wilson, Bowers, Oates and Edgar Evans.

Scott's five-man party reaches the South Pole on 17 January 1912 and discovers that Roald Amundsen's Norwegian party has arrived first.

Moves the GHQ to Baden

British troops capture German posts on a 600 yard front north of Beaucourt-sur-Ancre.

Defends further military service legislation as necessary to meet the army's manpower needs.

Forms a coalition cabinet with General Pilsudski as provisional president

Defeated in the presidential election

Inayatullah abdicates after only three days as rebel forces enter Kabul.

Habibullah Kalakani captures Kabul and takes power from the Barakzai monarchy.

Fails to capture Leningrad & is dismissed by Hitler

Russia rejects a Polish proposal to negotiate a boundary dispute

Requests permission from Hitler to withdraw to the Panther Line, permission refused

The British X Corps establish bridgeheads across the River Garigliano

Awarded the swords to the oak leaf by Adolf Hitler

Becomes Minister of Labour after the 1950 election.

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

Appointed Minister of Labour

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Communist attacks on Nationalist-held offshore islands intensify pressure that leads to the evacuation of the Dachen Islands.

Lumumba and two other comrades (Maurice Mpolo and Joseph Okito) from the Government are lined up against a tree, President Tshombe and two other ministers are present for the executions. Dismissed by the forces of Kasavubu & turned over to the Katanga regime & murdered

Lumumba and two other comrades (Maurice Mpolo and Joseph Okito) from the Government are lined up against a tree, President Tshombe and two other ministers are present for the executions. Dismissed by the forces of Kasavubu & turned over to the Katanga regime & murdered

Lumumba and two other comrades (Maurice Mpolo and Joseph Okito) from the Government are lined up against a tree, President Tshombe and two other ministers are present for the executions

Lumumba and two other comrades (Maurice Mpolo and Joseph Okito) from the Government are lined up against a tree, President Tshombe and two other ministers are present for the executions

Delivers his Farewell Address, warning of the potential influence of the military-industrial complex and emphasizing balanced national policy.

Belgium is later deemed to be in breach of its obligation (under United Nations Resolution 290 of 1949) to refrain from acts or threats "aimed at impairing the freedom, independence or integrity of another state"

Rusk receives a CIA briefing on the basic Cuban covert-action plan before taking office.

Is transferred to Katanga, where he is placed in the custody of political enemies before his execution.

Belgium is later deemed to be in breach of its obligation (under United Nations Resolution 290 of 1949) to refrain from acts or threats "aimed at impairing the freedom, independence or integrity of another state"

The PLO is founded by the Arab League with the aim of overthrowing the state of Israel

McCone discussed Vietnam with the Joint Chiefs while questioning whether existing intelligence reporting gave policymakers a reliable picture of conditions in the field.

The PLO is founded by the Arab League with the aim of overthrowing the state of Israel. The PLO Charter is put together with articles that proclaim Israel an illegal state and pledges "the elimination of Zionism in Palestine", the PLO is founded in Egypt

The PLO Charter is put together with articles that proclaim Israel an illegal state and pledges "the elimination of Zionism in Palestine", the PLO is founded in Egypt

The Government accelerates withdrawal from military commitments east of Suez to reduce future defence costs.

Johnson calls for the non-conversion of the U.S. dollar

The planned increase in the school leaving age is postponed to reduce short-term public expenditure.

The Government announces the restoration of prescription charges as part of its public expenditure programme.

The Government announces major expenditure reductions to redirect resources toward exports and defend the devalued pound.

The Government issues "In Place of Strife: A Policy For Industrial Relations"

Provides orchestral score material for Yellow Submarine alongside Beatles songs.

Releases Planet Waves with the Band.

Says that Britain will forward new proposals for Rhodesia

Says that Britain will forward new proposals for Rhodesia

12 people are killed & 30 injured, in the La Mon House entertainment complex at 2100GMT, a peaceful area of County Down, 14 miles from Belfast

Rotten announces his departure from the Sex Pistols, amid a turbulent tour of the United States

Directs Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht.

Supports boycott and diplomatic pressure after Soviet intervention in Afghanistan.

Cabinet backs an Olympic boycott response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

Defends Government cruise-missile policy during Commons questioning.

The Government proposes football fans should carry ID cards, later abandoned

Is inducted with The Kinks into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Bush authorises strikes against Iraqi command, communications and air-defence facilities around Baghdad.

Khalid coordinates Saudi and multinational forces operating within the coalition command structure.

Maintains Britain's commitment to the coalition campaign.

De la Billiere directs Britain's Operation Granby contribution within the coalition.

Major commits British air, naval and ground forces to the coalition offensive.

Directs coalition air operations during Desert Storm.

Coalition aircraft begin sustained attacks on Iraqi command, air-defence and military targets.

Air attacks isolate Iraqi forces occupying Kuwait.

Schwarzkopf exercises operational command as the coalition begins Desert Storm.

Directs coalition air operations during Desert Storm.

Mubarak maintains Egyptian military participation in the coalition opposing Iraq.

Military action begins after Iraq fails to meet the United Nations withdrawal deadline.

Horner's combined air operations centre coordinates thousands of coalition missions during the opening phase.

Arthur's naval forces launch Tomahawk cruise missiles during the opening attacks.

Saddam's forces face the opening day of the United States-led air and missile campaign.

Cheney briefs the public on the opening coalition attacks and operational objectives.

Iraq launches its first Scud missile toward Saudi Arabia during the opening phase.

Horner coordinates attacks on Iraqi leadership, communications, airfields and integrated air defences.

Roquejeoffre commands the French division assigned to the coalition's western flank.

Mitterrand authorises French forces to participate in operations against Iraq.

King Fahd supports coalition operations from Saudi territory against Iraqi occupation forces.

Horner commands the integrated coalition air effort from the Saudi operations centre.

Leads extensive Commons questioning on local-government finance in England.

Fogarty directs multinational enforcement of United Nations sanctions against Iraqi shipping.

Arthur commands carrier, surface, amphibious and mine-warfare forces supporting Desert Storm.

Horner directs coalition aircraft against Iraqi air defences, command centres and strategic targets.

Major confirms British participation as coalition air operations begin against Iraqi forces.

Directs the coalition campaign after Desert Storm begins.

Directs US naval forces supporting the coalition campaign.

Arthur employs six aircraft carriers supporting strikes from the Gulf and Red Sea.

More than 160,000 people are killed between 17 January 1992 and June 2002

Mitterrand delivered a final major European Parliament speech warning against nationalism and defending European reconciliation.

Florentine-born economist Lamberto Dini, 63, heads a new left-of-centre Italian Government that takes office January 17 and will continue for 16 months

Pink Floyd are inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Burrows leads Hubble observations showing a warp in the Beta Pictoris dust disk consistent with gravitational influence from an unseen planet.

Takes power after removing Valentine Strasser from the NPRC leadership

Is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, recognising his influence on rock, pop and visual performance.

Is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Velvet Underground.

Leads the military government during the transition to elected civilian rule

Provides assurances linked to the Hebron Protocol as the United States supervises the final agreement.

Represents the Palestinian side in arrangements for Israeli redeployment from Hebron.

Prepares Palestinian security coordination linked to the transfer of authority in H1 Hebron.

Oversees Israeli military preparations for redeployment from parts of Hebron after the protocol.

Appointed Minister of the Interior

Appointed Minister of Defence

Galileo completes its final Io flyby at an altitude of roughly 102 kilometres.

Reversing its policy, the Justice Department announces the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court will oversee the National Security Agencys domestic wiretapping program

The Senate confirms Mike McConnell as the Director of National Intelligence

Merrill Lynch sub-prime losses top $23 billion

Merrill Lynch sub-prime losses top $23 billion

Israel announces unilateral cease-fire in Gaza, Hamas will continue to fight as long as Israeli troops remain in the area

At least 1,200 Palestinians and 13 Israelis have been killed during the conflict

Israel announces unilateral cease-fire in Gaza, Hamas will continue to fight as long as Israeli troops remain in the area

Mohamed Ghannouchi announced a national unity government containing opposition figures and former ruling-party ministers.

Sets out Brexit objectives in the Lancaster House speech.

Sets out objectives for leaving the European Union and the single market.

Releases Better Man, a soundtrack linked to the biographical film about his life and career.

Birth of Frederick III the Wise, son of Elector Ernest.

Birth of Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk, 3rd Marquis of Dorset

Birth of Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, eldest son of Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron

Birth of Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron

Birth of Edmund Barton

Death of Antoine Alfred Agenor, 10th Duc de Gramont

Birth of Alan Milne, creator of "Winnie the Pooh"

Birth of Arthur Ransome, childrens writer

Birth of Heinz Guderain, son of an army officer

Birth of Raymond Briggs

Birth of Muhammad Ali, born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr

Louis XVI was sentenced to death.

The Convention completed the decisive vote that condemned Louis XVI to death.

Dismissed by the forces of Kasavubu & turned over to the Katanga regime & murdered. Belgium is later deemed to be in breach of its obligation (under United Nations Resolution 290 of 1949) to refrain from acts or threats "aimed at impairing the freedom, independence or integrity of another state"

Lumumba is executed in Katanga with Maurice Mpolo and Joseph Okito.

Captures Edindurgh then tries to releive the siege of Stirling but defeated at Falkirk

On the morning of 17 January, the Jacobites planned an offensive. The army moved cautiously towards Falkirk, avoiding the main road and heading for the Hill of Falkirk which overlooked Hawley's encampment below. With General Hawley established at nearby Callendar House, the Government army was taken by surprise

The Jacobites emerged victorious, but failed to take advantage of the encounter. Hawley claimed to have suffered only 280 casualties, but his losses were much greater. Around 350 Royal troops were killed, wounded or missing, and some 300 captured

The rebels are led by Prince Charles Edward Stuart & Lord George Murray

On the morning of 17 January, the Jacobites planned an offensive. The army moved cautiously towards Falkirk, avoiding the main road and heading for the Hill of Falkirk which overlooked Hawley's encampment below. With General Hawley established at nearby Callendar House, the Government army was taken by surprise

The Jacobite losses were around 50 dead and 80 wounded. The Jacobites seized some Hanoverian tents, ammunition, wagons, and three of their cannons, but they remained in or around Falkirk for most of the month and lost any initiative they may have gained from the victory

The rebels are led by Prince Charles Edward Stuart & Lord George Murray. Charles Edward & his Highlanders defeat British dragoons capturing 7 guns & 700 men

Present at the Battle of Falkirk against Prince Charles Edward Stuart

Morgan retreats to Southern Virginia

Defeated by General Calleja near Guadalajara

Wins an early guerrilla victory against an army outpost.

Louis IV is crowned emperor in Rome without papal approval

Louis is crowned in Rome by representatives of the Roman people