October 13 in History

Succeeds Claudius as emperor.

Harold II advances into Sussex to confront Williams army near Hastings

Harold reaches the ridge near Battle and camps opposite William's army on the evening before the decisive engagement.

The Barons resent the Justiciar appointed by John to rule during his absence

Barons resent the costs to lift the Papal interdict. Barons resent a scutage on those who did not accompany John to Poitou

The Provisions of Westminster embody the legal system proposed by the Barons

The Provisions of Westminster embody the legal system proposed by the Barons. A Council of 15 is imposed on Henry III who cannot rule without its consent

All those who had taken arms against the King & Edward are disinherited

All those who had taken arms against the King & Edward are disinherited

Edwards remains are moved from his tomb behind the high alter to a new shrine. Confessors Day

Marries Llywelyn, the Prince of Wales, after his surrender to Edward I

Has the Knights Templar arrested & confiscates their wealth

Promotes his favorite Robert de Vere from Marquis to Duke of Ireland

Many people in northern England had disliked the way in which Henry VIII had cast off Catherine of Aragon, although her successor, Anne Boleyn, had been unpopular as Catherines replacement her execution is undermines the monarchy

The Pilgrimage of Grace begins in Yorkshire under Robert Aske after the failure of the Lincolnshire Rising.

The Pilgrimage of Grace begins in Yorkshire under Robert Aske against religious change and royal policy.

Many people in northern England had disliked the way in which Henry VIII had cast off Catherine of Aragon, although her successor, Anne Boleyn, had been unpopular as Catherine's replacement her execution undermines the monarchy

The Pilgrimage of Grace is a popular rising in York, Yorkshire during 1536, in protest against England's break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries, as well as other specific political, social and economic grievances.

The movement broke out on 13 October 1536, immediately following the failure of the Lincolnshire Rising, and at this point was the term Pilgrimage of Grace used.

Leads a band of nine thousand followers, who entered and occupied York, there he arranges for the expelled monks and nuns to return to their houses; the King's newly installed tenants are driven out and Catholic observance resumed

Robert Aske is chosen to lead the insurgents; he was a London barrister, a resident of the Inns of Court, and the youngest son of Sir Robert Aske of Aughton near Selby.

The success of the rising was so great that the royal leaders, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk and George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, opened negotiations with the insurgents at Doncaster, where Aske had assembled between thirty and forty thousand.

Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety

Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety

Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety

Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety

Lambert expelled the restored Rump Parliament and supported a military Committee of Safety.

Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety

Lambert expells the Rump Parliament & institutes military rule through a Committee of Safety

Executed as one of the regicides after the Restoration.

Issues toleration reforms affecting Bohemian lands.

Allows monasteries to re-open but weakens their links with Rome

Assumes command and completes the successful assault on Constantine.

Leads French forces into the city after breaching its defenses.

Convicted on charge of obstructing the operation of the new land act. Campaigns for Irish tenants not to pay rent, retaliation for outlawing the Land League

Arrested for treasonable practices and sent to Kilmainham Gaol; issued No Rent Manifesto

Arrested for treasonable practices and sent to Kilmainham Gaol; issued No Rent Manifesto

Kilmainham Treaty between Parnell & the Government, Parnell is released

Appointed Prime Minister of Spain

Defends Mafeking during the Boer siege.

Mafeking is besieged until British relief arrives in May 1900.

Begins the siege of Mafeking.

Helps lead the workers' Soviet created during the 1905 Revolution.

Chairs the Saint Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies.

The British occupy Ypres

Shot through the right lung by a sniper at Meteren and severely wounded.

Leads men forward near Meteren before being shot through the lung by a sniper.

British forces occupy Ypres.

Joins Arsenal from Bolton Wanderers for a then world-record transfer fee of £10,890.

Nadir Khan's forces capture Kabul and overthrow Habibullah Kalakani.

Appointed Chancellor of Germany

Appointed Foreign Minister

Appointed Minister of the Interior by Chancellor Bruening

Commands the U-47 which penetrates the British anchorage & sinks the Royal Oak

U-47's second torpedo salvo struck Royal Oak shortly after 01:00 on 14 October, causing explosions that sank the battleship within minutes.

Serves as a temporary captain and General Staff Officer Grade Three in an intelligence role with an armoured formation.

Advances to wartime lieutenant while serving in military intelligence.

Remains head of state as the royal government becomes a recognized co-belligerent against Germany.

Commits the royal government to active military cooperation with the Allies against Germany.

Italy declares war on Germany

Announces Italy's declaration of war on Germany, establishing the royal government as an Allied co-belligerent.

Authorizes the royal Italian government's declaration of war on Germany.

Secures Allied acceptance of active Italian cooperation against Germany after declaring war.

Molotov claims the Curzon Line had support from all three major Allies at Tehran, prompting concern about Roosevelt's actual position.

Stalin tells Mikolajczyk that acceptance of the Curzon Line as the Soviet-Polish boundary is essential before a broader political settlement can proceed.

Churchill links acceptance of the Curzon Line to Allied support for Polish territorial gains in East Prussia and toward the Oder.

Stalin says the Curzon Line must remain the basis of settlement but allows that final demarcation could shift seven or eight kilometres in places.

Mikolajczyk refuses authority to cede eastern territories on the Curzon basis and argues that any territorial concession must be decided by the Polish people.

Churchill unequivocally supports using the Curzon Line as the basis of the Polish-Soviet territorial settlement during talks with Stalin and Mikolajczyk.

Marries Sonia Brownell in hospital.

Accepts the Security Council's six principles for a negotiated canal settlement

Nasser's government enters negotiations framed by six principles adopted through Security Council diplomacy.

Lloyd accepts six Security Council principles as a basis for negotiations on canal operation.

McCone began serving as a consultant so he could familiarize himself with CIA and the wider Intelligence Community before formally taking office.

Is summoned back to Moscow as party leaders prepare a coordinated challenge to his leadership.

Kasa-Vubu dismisses Tshombe despite his alliance's electoral strength.

Baader, Ensslin, Sohnlein, and Proll are convicted of Arson, they each get three years. Baader and his girlfriend Gudrun Ensslin are convicted of the arson bombing of a department store in Frankfurt am Main

Baader, Ensslin, Sohnlein, and Proll are convicted of Arson, they each get three years

Baader, Ensslin, Sohnlein, and Proll are convicted of Arson, they each get three years

Arrested in New York on charges connected with the Marin County courthouse case

Organizes defenses as Israeli forces advance beyond the pre-war ceasefire line.

Works to secure urgent American resupply for Israel.

13-27 Oct, the French pull out of Chad, ending a 78 year military presence

Four terrorists hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 on a flight from Palma de Mallorca to Frankfurt, their leader demanding the release of the eleven RAF prisoners detained at Stammheim

Four terrorists hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 on a flight from Palma de Mallorca to Frankfurt, their leader demanding the release of the eleven RAF prisoners detained at Stammheim

Typical Girls and I Heard It Through the Grapevine enter the Official Singles Chart as a double-sided release.

Khomeini installs Khamenei as President of Iran after the October election

Khamenei takes office as president during wartime and internal political repression

Wins confirmation as President in a national referendum after Sadat's assassination.

Leads the Kuwaiti People's Conference in exile.

The conference demonstrates support for the legitimate Kuwaiti government.

Papoulias returns as Minister for Foreign Affairs.

Leads Germany when it submits its Maastricht ratification notification to the Italian depositary.

Magellan is deliberately lowered into Venus's atmosphere, ending a mission that mapped almost the entire planet by radar.

Alija Izetbegovic continues as Bosniak member of the Presidency

Ante Jelavic becomes Croat member of the Presidency

Zivko Radisic becomes Serb member of the Presidency

NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory obtains a deep view of the M31 nucleus and surrounding X-ray sources, including emission near the central black hole position.

Vajpayee begins a new term as Prime Minister at the head of a National Democratic Alliance coalition.

Spitzer infrared imaging shows an asymmetric ring of star formation and a gap in Andromeda's disk, suggesting past interactions with satellite galaxies.

The Government commits up to thirty-seven billion pounds to strengthen major banks.

The Government announces capital support for RBS, HBOS and Lloyds TSB.

The Government announces detailed capital support for major British banking groups.

Brown presents state intervention as necessary to protect savings, businesses and employment.

The Bank of England provides a short-term secured loan of up to 100 million pounds to stricken Icelandic bank Landsbanki "to help maximise the returns to UK creditors". The 37-billion-pound nationallization announcement is the first implementation of a rescue package for banks that was unveiled last week, which made available 50 billion pounds to inject cash into financial institutions in return for shares

Brown joins European leaders coordinating bank recapitalisation and medium-term funding measures.

Brown explains the Government's intervention to stabilise banks and protect the economy.

The Government begins implementing its bank recapitalisation package.

The 37-billion-pound nationalization announcement is the first implementation of a rescue package for banks that was unveiled last week, which made available 50 billion pounds to inject cash into financial institutions in return for shares

Brown promotes coordinated European action to restore bank lending and confidence.

Treasury support creates large public stakes in RBS and the Lloyds-HBOS group.

The recapitalisation plan gives taxpayers substantial ownership interests in rescued banks.

Brown says the Government will provide stability during severe financial turbulence.

Oversees the rescue of thirty-three miners trapped underground for sixty-nine days.

The United Nations appoints Muhammad Khalid as Force Commander of the United Nations Mission in Liberia.

Is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Kais Saied won the second round of the presidential election.

Climate modelling shows that bright deposits on Pluto's mountains are methane ice formed by atmospheric processes unlike terrestrial snowcaps.

Al-Khasawneh participates in jerusalem policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Birth of Margaret Thatcher, daughter of a grocer

Birth of Paul Simon

Dies, probably after poisoning at court.

Nicolas Malebranche dies in Paris, aged seventy-seven.

Death of Isaac Brock, killed during the Battle of Queenston

Death of Earl Stanley of Derby

Predieri is killed while commanding the Brescia Division on the El Alamein front.

Harold & his armies assemble near Battle after Harold has marched 58 miles from London. Arrives in battle after 58 mile march from London which had taken its toll in infantry

Arrives in battle after marching 58 miles from London

The Swedish Commander Wrangel defeats the Danish fleet under Pros Mund in the Baltic

Wrangel defeats the Danish fleet under Pros Mund in the Baltic

Secures the last major obstacle between London & the West Country. Defeats the Marquise of Winchester

Killed during the battle. Defeats Van Rensselaer during an American invasion of Canada

Commands the U-47 which penetrates the British anchorage & sinks the Royal Oak

Karam Singh holds a forward position at Tithwal under repeated attacks and later receives the Param Vir Chakra.

With the agreement of Parliament becomes the 1st Lancastrian King of England. Founds the House of Lancaster, 1399-1461