October 4 in History

Richard I & Philip II take Messina from Tankred, King of Sicily. Captures Messina & secures the release of his sister Joanna

After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter.

In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island.

Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190.

Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II.

The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals.

After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter

Is betrothed by treaty to the infant French Dauphin Francis as part of the wider Anglo-French settlement.

Approves the separate marriage agreement betrothing Princess Mary to the infant French Dauphin Francis.

Secures the planned restoration of Tournai to France through financial and diplomatic arrangements with Henry VIII.

A related agreement provides for Tournai to be restored to France in return for substantial payments to Henry VIII.

Agrees to restore Tournai to France under separate arrangements closely connected with the London peace settlement.

Cromwell oversees the talks and a marriage Treaty to Anne of Cleves is signed

Elizabeths representitives try cases forwarded by Morays & Marys representitives. Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler

Says Bothwell was acqitted & her marriage to him was approved by the Scottish Lords. Mary refuses to acknowledge the authority of the court. Elizabeth's representitives try cases forwarded by Morays & Marys representitives

Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler

Justifies his rebellion because Mary did not prosecute Bothwell for Darnleys murder

The Convention appointed Barras commander in chief to organise its defence against the approaching royalist insurrection.

Calls for a Government of National unity

Appointed Prime Minister of Great Britain

1st day of the 2nd siege of Torgau

A Republican leader of a revolution which leads to the declaration of the Republic

A Republican leader of a revolution which leads to the declaration of the Republic

A Republican leader of a revolution which leads to the declaration of the Republic

A Republican leader of a revolution which leads to the declaration of the Republic

Participates as the Provisional Government declares Belgium independent.

Helps lead the provisional authorities when Belgian independence is declared.

Turkey declares war on Russia and crosses the Danube under Omar Pasha.

Turkey declares war on Russia and crosses the Danube under Omar Pasha.

Crosses the Danube and declares war on Russia.

Leads Ottoman forces after Turkey declares war on Russia.

Leaves Biarritz believing France might remain neutral, although Napoleon gives no binding territorial commitment.

Meets Napoleon III at Biarritz to test whether France would remain neutral in a Prussian-Austrian conflict.

Count Arnim is arrested after the discovery of a plot to replace Bismarck by him

Launches the international train service later known as the Orient Express.

Connects major European cities through coordinated luxury sleeping-car travel.

Churchill discusses the city's defence with Belgian and British authorities after arriving at Antwerp.

Appointed Commander of the Army Group North

Appointed Commander of the Army Group North, during the "Race to the Sea"

Proposes to the Dardanelles Committee French & Kitchener swap roles in Turkey & France

Threatens to resign from the cabient if Kitchener is not dismissed, Asquith refuses

Russell's division leaves the Somme after weeks of costly offensive operations.

Godley directs II ANZAC Corps during the successful Broodseinde phase of the Ypres offensive.

Haig supports the successful attack at Broodseinde during a drier period of the Ypres campaign.

Plumer's forces gain important ground at Broodseinde during the strongest phase of the Flanders offensive.

Hart's 4th New Zealand Brigade attacks successfully during the capture of Gravenstafel Spur.

Russell's division captures Gravenstafel Spur during the Third Battle of Ypres.

Monash's 3rd Australian Division advances with other ANZAC formations during the Broodseinde attack.

The German Government formally asks US President Wilson for a ceasfire

Considers Germany's request for an armistice and negotiations based on President Wilson's principles.

The League of Nations rejects Russia's membership

Luther arrives with Stresemann and the German delegation for the security conference in Locarno.

Marries Irene Curie and later adopts the Joliot-Curie name.

Marries Frederic Joliot and forms a new scientific partnership.

A referendum to stop the construction of new battleships is defeated

A referendum to stop the construction of new battleships is defeated

A referendum to stop the construction of new battleships is defeated

Appointed Prime Minister of Hungary

The First Syrovy Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Begins the Second Syrovy Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Former Leader of the London County Council, useful during the blitz

Appointed Home Secretary

Ciano, Mussolini & Htler meet on the Brenner Pass

Visits Hitler, notes in his diary there was no talk about Operation Sea Lion

Appointed First Sea Lord

Appointed First Sea Lord

Construction begins for the first reactor at the Hanford Site

Stoica becomes prime minister under Gheorghiu-Dej's party leadership.

The achievement marks beginning of the space age as an important Russian scientific milestone.

The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, during Khruschev's leadership.

Directs the launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite.

The Soviet launch of Sputnik intensifies Eisenhower administration efforts in science, missiles and space technology.

Leads the spacecraft programme returning the first images of the Moon's far side.

The achievement marks photography of lunar far side as an important Russian scientific milestone.

McCone questioned restrictions on U-2 coverage of Cuba and pressed for broader reconnaissance as evidence of the Soviet military buildup accumulated.

Marina later testifies that Oswald returned disappointed and discouraged because his effort to reach Cuba had failed.

When Oswald appeared at the Paine home on October 4, he told Paine that he had been unsuccessful in finding work elsewhere.

The day after returning from Mexico, Oswald applies for work as a typesetter trainee at Padgett Printing.

Czech leaders visit Moscow and agree to dismantle reforms

South Africa ignores the United Nations mandate to relinquish its control over South West Africa

Soviet advisers and dependants begin leaving Egypt, a move later read by foreign observers as a warning sign.

Release the outtakes collection Odds and Sods.

Releases Smiler, his final Mercury-era studio album of the early 1970s.

Wonders tribute to Bob Marley, the reggaefied "Master Blaster (Jammin)," enters the charts, tops the R&B charts for 7 weeks

I participates in jerusalem policy connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

The National Indoor Arena opens for sport, concerts and large public events.

Members of a Somali militia shoot down two Black Hawk helicopters, the US believes that Al-Qaeda fighters helped train those responsible for the incident in which 18 American servicemen were killed

Wins a third presidential term through an uncontested referendum.

Government forces regain control after armed clashes with parliamentary opponents in Moscow.

Receives referendum approval for another six-year presidential term.

1st conference speech as leader calling on the party to drop clause IV

Pope John Paul II visits the US on a whirlwind tour

Releases Hours, an album connected to music written for the video game Omikron: The Nomad Soul.

Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, member of Solidarity

Appointed Prime Minister of Poland, member of Solidarity

Hosts the opening of the intergovernmental conference negotiating a constitutional treaty for Europe.

Represents Germany as the intergovernmental conference opens negotiations on a constitutional treaty for Europe.

Brown proposes additional European financing support for small businesses.

Tottenham defeat Manchester United 6-1 at Old Trafford in the Premier League.

Birth of Lord George Murray

Birth of Charlton Heston

Attends Teresa of Avila at her death

Dies at Alba de Tormes as Catholic lands are changing from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar

Dies of a heroin overdose in Los Angeles

Death of David Pieter de Villiers Graaff

Death of Vo Nguyen Giap in Hanoi at age one hundred and two

Commands the Swedish forces to victory over a combined Imperial Saxon army

Helps the Swedish forces to victory over a combined Imperial Saxon army

Helps the Swedish forces to victory over a combined Imperial Saxon army

Helps the Swedish forces to victory over a combined Imperial Saxon army

Jointly commands the Imperial Saxon Army which is defeated by Sweden

The Imperial Saxon Army is forced to make peace. Jointly commands the Imperial Saxon Army which is defeated by Sweden

Serves with the English regiment at the Battle of Entzheim.

Catinat defeats Victor Amadeus II's Allied army at Marsaglia near Turin.

Victor Amadeus II commands the Allied army defeated by Catinat at Marsaglia.

A final French attempt to attack the Germans is halted

Proposes to the Dardanelles Committee Lloyd George replace Kitchener at the War Office. Proposes to the Dardanelles Committee French & Kitchener swap roles in Turkey & France

New Zealand troops fight on the Ypres ridges.

Crowned Holy Roman Emperor