788
Assassination of Aelfwald I
Killed & buried in Hexham Church
On this date in world history
Browse historical events, births, deaths and battles recorded on September 23. Every item below is rendered from the World History Database into this page's initial HTML.
Killed & buried in Hexham Church
Both the Emperor & the Vatican will select the Pope. A truce is made between the Empire & the Pope.
The King was recognised as having the right to invest bishops with secular authority ("by the lance") in the territories they governed, but not with sacred authority ("by ring and staff");
the result was that bishops owed allegiance in worldly matters both to the pope and to the king, for they were obligated to affirm the right of the sovereign to call upon them for military support,
under his oath of fealty
Both the Vatican & the Emperor have a say in the selection of a Pope. Agrees the Concordat with Calixtus II.
The King was recognised as having the right to invest bishops with secular authority ("by the lance") in the territories they governed but not with sacred authority ("by ring and staff")
the result was that bishops owed allegiance in worldly matters both to the pope and to the king for they were obligated to affirm the right of the sovereign to call upon them for military support
under his oath of fealty
Bishops therefore owed worldly allegiance to both pope and king and had to affirm the sovereign's right to demand military support under their oath of fealty.
Innocent II drafts the Concordat of Worms.
The king could not invest bishops with sacred authority, symbolized by the ring and staff.
The king retained the right to invest bishops with secular authority, symbolized by the lance, in the territories they governed.
Following efforts by Lamberto Scannabecchi (later Pope Honorius II) and the Diet of Wurzburg (1121) in 1122, Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V entered into an agreement that effectively ended the Investiture Controversy.
This record states: By the terms of the agreement, the election of bishops and abbots in Germany was to take place in the emperor's presence as judge between potentially disputing parties, free of bribes.
This record states: thus retaining to the emperor a crucial role in choosing these great territorial magnates of the Empire.
Following efforts by Lamberto Scannabecchi (later Pope Honorius II) and the Diet of Wurzburg (1121) in 1122, Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V entered into an agreement that effectively ended the Investiture Controversy.
This record states: By the terms of the agreement, the election of bishops and abbots in Germany was to take place in the emperor's presence as judge between potentially disputing parties, free of bribes.
This record states: thus retaining to the emperor a crucial role in choosing these great territorial magnates of the Empire.
The King was recognised as having the right to invest bishops with secular authority ("by the lance") in the territories they governed, but not with sacred authority ("by ring and staff")
The Pactum Calixtinum or Concordat of Worms. Both the Emperor and the Vatican will select the Pope. A truce is made between the Empire and the Pope.
the result was that bishops owed allegiance in worldly matters both to the pope and to the king for they were obligated to affirm the right of the sovereign to call upon them for military support
under his oath of fealty
The port of Harfleur surrenders to the English
The port of Harfleur surrenders to the English
Salisbuy defeats Lord Audley who is on his way to besiege Yorks castle at Ludlow
Grants a Charter to establish the Royal College of Physicians
Skirmishing between Austrian & Turkish patrols
Browne's cavalry is surprised and driven from the field by Prince Rupert.
Rupert covers Sir John Byron's withdrawal from Worcester, allowing the Oxford treasure convoy to continue safely toward the King's army.
Crane serves in the Royalist cavalry that routs Parliament's advance guard.
Rupert of the Rhine does not have enough forces to defend Worcester & camps at Powick Bridge
Leaves Salzburg service to seek employment elsewhere.
Captured near Tarrytown carrying plans for Benedict Arnolds surrender of West Point
Louis XVI restored the Parlement of Paris after the failure of the crown's attempt to impose judicial restructuring.
Kolokotronis commands Greek forces that capture Tripolitsa
Pharmakis is captured after the last resistance in Moldavia collapses
Olympios continues resistance in Moldavia before dying at Secu Monastery
Ottoman authority in the Peloponnese collapses after Tripolitsa falls
Leads Dutch troops into Brussels in an attempt to suppress the revolution.
The Samiots rise in revolt under the leadership of Themistoklis Sofoulis
The Samiots rise in revolt under the leadership of Themistoklis Sofoulis
Observes Neptune near Le Verrier's predicted position.
The British Fleet is ordered to Istanbul.
The British fleet moves toward Istanbul as Britain and France increase naval support for the Ottoman Empire.
In a speech says that Germany's future "lay on the water"
Completes the first flight over the Mediterranean
Churchill reviews protective measures after U-9 sinks three British armoured cruisers in rapid succession.
British force joins Japanese army before Tsingtau
Answers questions about the organisation of parliamentary and Cabinet bodies directing the war.
The Party Central Committee approves the list of Bolshevik candidates to the Constituent Assembly, which includes Lenin and Stalin
The Party Central Committee approves the list of Bolshevik candidates to the Constituent Assembly, which includes Lenin and Stalin
Chaytor's force captures Es Salt during the pursuit east of the Jordan.
Avksentiev becomes chairman of the five-member Directory created at Ufa to unite major anti-Bolshevik governments.
Adopted "Constitutional & Anti-Socialist" candidate for Epping
Adopted "Constitutional & Anti-Socialist" candidate for Epping
Directs Berlin: Symphony of a Great City.
Becomes king of the newly named Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Supports the royal house as the unified kingdom is proclaimed.
The Duke & Duchess of Windsor begin their visit to Germany & meet Hitler. Hitler receives Mussolini, he tries to prize Italy away from its support of Austria. Hitler meets Mussolini in front of an SS Parade & a rally of 800,000
Hitler receives Mussolini, he tries to prize Italy away from its support of Austria
Benes approved general mobilization when the Godesberg talks failed to produce an acceptable settlement.
Hitler claimed prompt German occupation was necessary to protect Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovak authority.
Hitler refused to guarantee Czechoslovakia’s remaining frontiers without Polish and Hungarian participation.
Hitler required Czechoslovak troops, police, and officials to withdraw from designated districts by October 1.
Hitler stated that Germany would become a satisfied continental power after settlement of the Sudeten question.
Hitler supplied a map identifying territories for immediate occupation and areas proposed for plebiscites.
Hitler demanded plebiscites in additional areas not assigned directly to Germany by the population map.
Hitler linked settlement of German claims to unresolved Polish and Hungarian minority demands.
Hitler allowed Chamberlain to soften the memorandum’s wording but refused changes to its essential demands.
Hitler approved a written memorandum defining Germany’s expanded demands and accelerated occupation timetable.
Hitler demanded immediate release of ethnic Germans held in Czechoslovak prisons.
Hitler demanded that German-speaking soldiers be released from the Czechoslovak armed forces.
Hitler required evacuated territory to retain fortifications, factories, rail equipment, food, and livestock.
Ribbentrop presented the German memorandum and its accompanying territorial map to the British delegation.
Syrovy’s government ordered general mobilization after German pressure and frontier threats increased.
Chamberlain continued discussions while British officials sought written clarification of Hitler’s expanded demands.
Chamberlain received the German memorandum and accompanying map during the final Godesberg discussions.
Wilson participated in discussions over the wording and implications of the German memorandum.
Benes approved general mobilization when the Godesberg talks failed to produce an acceptable settlement.
Chamberlain continued discussions while British officials sought written clarification of Hitler’s expanded demands.
Chamberlain received the German memorandum and accompanying map during the final Godesberg discussions.
Hitler claimed prompt German occupation was necessary to protect Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovak authority.
Hitler refused to guarantee Czechoslovakia’s remaining frontiers without Polish and Hungarian participation.
Hitler required Czechoslovak troops, police, and officials to withdraw from designated districts by October 1.
Hitler stated that Germany would become a satisfied continental power after settlement of the Sudeten question.
Hitler supplied a map identifying territories for immediate occupation and areas proposed for plebiscites.
Hitler demanded plebiscites in additional areas not assigned directly to Germany by the population map.
Hitler linked settlement of German claims to unresolved Polish and Hungarian minority demands.
Hitler allowed Chamberlain to soften the memorandum’s wording but refused changes to its essential demands.
Hitler approved a written memorandum defining Germany’s expanded demands and accelerated occupation timetable.
Hitler demanded immediate release of ethnic Germans held in Czechoslovak prisons.
Hitler demanded that German-speaking soldiers be released from the Czechoslovak armed forces.
Hitler required evacuated territory to retain fortifications, factories, rail equipment, food, and livestock.
Ribbentrop presented the German memorandum and its accompanying territorial map to the British delegation.
Syrovy’s government ordered general mobilization after German pressure and frontier threats increased.
Wilson participated in discussions over the wording and implications of the German memorandum.
Krejci directed the mobilization of Czechoslovak forces and occupation of the fortified frontier positions.
Ribbentrop presented the Godesberg memorandum and map setting out Germany's expanded territorial demands.
Syrovy's government ordered general mobilization after the Godesberg negotiations failed.
A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to oral cancer, he prevailes on his doctor and friend Max Schur to assist him in suicide
A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to oral cancer, he prevailes on his doctor and friend Max Schur to assist him in suicide
A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to oral cancer, he prevailes on his doctor and friend Max Schur to assist him in suicide
Initiates the George Cross as the highest award for bravery for citizens
Authorises the failed Allied expedition against Dakar.
Groves is promoted to brigadier general shortly after taking command of the Manhattan Engineer District.
Joins the Italian Social Republic government with responsibility for agriculture and forests.
Joins the Italian Social Republic cabinet as Minister of Communications.
Joins the first Italian Social Republic cabinet with responsibility for corporate economy.
Accepts responsibility for rebuilding armed forces loyal to the Italian Social Republic.
Joins the Italian Social Republic cabinet as Minister of National Education.
Joins the Italian Social Republic cabinet as Minister of Finance.
Becomes the senior undersecretary handling foreign affairs under Mussolini.
Retains direct control of foreign affairs while heading the Italian Social Republic.
Heads the new Italian Social Republic as Germany recognizes and supports the regime.
Takes responsibility for the Interior Ministry of the Italian Social Republic.
Heads the German-backed Italian Social Republic established in northern and central Italy.
Forms a new Fascist government that becomes known as the Italian Social Republic.
Joins the Italian Social Republic cabinet as Minister of Justice.
Oppenheimer proposes recruiting explosives expert George Kistiakowsky to strengthen the expanding implosion programme.
Joins the Italian Social Republic as Minister of Popular Culture.
Joins the Italian Social Republic cabinet as Minister of Public Works.
North Korean units begin withdrawing to the nth
Operated on at Buckingham Palace
Successfully denies a fund raising scandal on TV. First to successfully use TV during a Presidential election. During the election Nixon makes his Checkers Speech denying a secret slush fund
First to successfully use TV during a Presidential election. During the election Nixon makes his Checkers Speech denying a secret slush fund
Visit of King Faisal of Iraq
Makes his first appearance for Real Madrid in a friendly against Nancy and scores.
General Lonardi assumed the presidency and gave a speech from the balcony of the Casa Rosada, saying that there would be "neither victors nor vanquished"
Lonardi assumes the Presidency and gives a speech from the balcony of the Casa Rosada, saying there would be "none either victorious or defeated"
Lonardi assumes the Presidency and gives a speech from the balcony of the Casa Rosada, saying there would be "none either victorious or defeated"
Appointed de facto President of Argentina after the overthrow of Juan Domingo Peron
Greeted by chants of Cristo Vence ("Christ is Victorious") when arriving in Buenos Aires. General Lonardi assumed the presidency and gave a speech from the balcony of the Casa Rosada, saying that there would be "neither victors nor vanquished"
Submits the Suez dispute to the United Nations Security Council
Takes the Suez dispute to the United Nations Security Council after diplomatic proposals fail
Submits the Suez dispute to the United Nations Security Council
Visits an Iowa farm and studies American maize production during his agricultural tour.
Uses his United Nations appearance to advocate general and complete disarmament under international arrangements.
Addresses the United Nations and attacks colonialism while promoting Soviet support for newly independent states.
McCone returned from France after sending warnings that Soviet defensive preparations in Cuba could be masking an offensive missile deployment.
Ayub Khan accepts the United Nations-backed ceasefire that halts major fighting between Pakistan and India.
Lal Bahadur Shastri accepts the United Nations-backed ceasefire that ends the main fighting between India and Pakistan.
India accepts a United Nations-backed ceasefire that ends the main fighting of the 1965 war with Pakistan.
New elections are held twelve days after the Chilean coup, later designated as Argentine ambassador to Mexico
New elections are held twelve days after the Chilean coup, later designated as Argentine ambassador to Mexico
New elections are held twelve days after the Chilean coup, later designated as Argentine ambassador to Mexico
Henry Kissinger has discussions with James Callaghan after his 10 day tour of Africa
Henry Kissinger has discussions with James Callaghan after his 10 day tour of Africa
Returns after orbiting the Earth in Soyuz 22 for 8 days
Returns after orbiting the Earth in Soyuz 22 for 8 days
Releases Heroes, recorded partly in Berlin and centred on one of his most enduring songs.
Ever Fallen in Love enters the Official Singles Chart and becomes Buzzcocks' best-known 1970s hit.
Iraq bombs the Abadan refinery
Orders tank commanders to lead the invasion of Iran
Opens on Broadway in The Elephant Man, earning praise for his stage performance as John Merrick.
Withdraws from the 1988 presidential race.
The Israeli Parliament ratifies the Israel-PLO accord
The Israeli Parliament ratifies the Israel-PLO accord
Blur's The Great Escape enters the UK albums chart at number one, extending the band's Britpop-era success.
Wins Yemen's first direct presidential election.
Secures a new mandate as president of the unified republic.
Takes charge of Benfica for his first competitive match as a senior head coach.
Starmer publishes interim factors guiding prosecution decisions in assisted-suicide cases.
Opens King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.
Chairs the university's founding board during its establishment.
Returns after medical treatment in Saudi Arabia.
Political negotiations over transferring power continue.
Takes responsibility for guiding Portugal toward Euro 2016.
Is appointed manager of the Portugal senior national team.
Starmer supports placing a negotiated Brexit outcome before voters in a referendum.
Uses the UN General Debate to call for withdrawal of Russian-backed forces and restoration of Ukraine's borders.
Burnham launches the first franchised Bee Network bus services in western Greater Manchester.
Birth of Johann Franz Encke
Birth of Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev
Birth of Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen, later known as a songwriter and rock performer from New Jersey.
Birth of Bruce Springsein, Freehold, New Jersey
Death of Aelwald I
The question of Conrads succession is left open until the follwing year
Death of Urbain Le Verrier
Death of Sigmund Freud. A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to oral cancer, he prevailes on his doctor and friend Max Schur to assist him in suicide
Captured at the Battle of Blore Heath
Leads the Yorkists to victory on his way to joining up with the Duke of York. Helps lead the Yokists to victory ovrer the Lancastrians
Fights for the Yorkists
Browne's Parliamentarian cavalry is routed by Prince Rupert at Powick Bridge.
Charles's Royalist cavalry defeats Parliament's advance guard at Powick Bridge.
Crane is knighted after service with the victorious Royalist cavalry at Powick Bridge.
Digby supports Prince Rupert's cavalry during the Royalist victory at Powick Bridge.
Charles's Royalist cavalry defeats Parliament's advance guard at Powick Bridge.
Wins the 1st skirmish of the civil war defeating the Earl of Essex near Worcester. Leads a detachment of 1,000 horse & dragoons & routes a Parliamentary force. Fires on the advanced guard of Parliamentarians who are heading towards Worcester
Rupert's Royalist cavalry routs Parliament's advance guard near Powick Bridge while covering the Oxford treasure convoy.
Rupert of the Rhine does not have enough forces to defend Worcester & camps at Powick Bridge
Defeats the British ship Serapis on the Bonhomme
A Battle between 50,000 Allies & 45,000 French, both sides retreat
A drawn Battle with the Allies
Defeated at Assaye.
Wins his first military victory
Captures Dongola
Provenance
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