April 20 in History

An imperial transport flottila frustrates Turkish attempts to mine the Harbour

Buried at St George's Chapel Windsor

Departs from York with a force of 600 to meet Earl Rivers at Northampton

Elizabeth Barton is hanged at Tyburn for heresy

Edward Bocking is hanged at Tyburn for heresy

Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, is executed for treason.

Is condemned after the Oxford disputations.

The Covenanters & Parliament join forces at Tadcaster

The Covenanters & Parliament join forces at Tadcaster

The Covenanters & Parliament join forces at Tadcaster

The Covenanters & Parliament join forces at Tadcaster

The Council of State is dissolved, the army is left in power

The Council of State is dissolved, the army is left in power

Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament after denouncing its continued rule.

Enters the Commons & forcefully expels the Rump Parliament

Ashley-Cooper is created Baron Ashley in the Restoration peerage.

Created Duke of Buccleuch and Earl of Dalkeith in the Scottish peerage.

Marries James Scott and brings the Buccleuch inheritance into the new ducal settlement.

Marries Anne Scott, wealthy heiress and Countess of Buccleuch.

Wentworth’s troops failed in a costly assault against Fort San Lazaro outside Cartagena.

De Lezo reinforced the Spanish defence that defeated the British assault on Fort San Lazaro.

Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States

The Legislative Assembly declares war on the "King of Bohemia & Hungary"

The Legislative Assembly declares war on the "King of Bohemia and Hungary".

Fighting begins along the Flanders frontier, Lafayette commands the French forces

Fighting begins along the Flanders frontier, Lafayette commands the French forces.

Louis XVI formally proposed war against the King of Bohemia and Hungary, and the Legislative Assembly approved the declaration.

Jacobins and Girondins debate the war after France declares war on Austria

Jacobins and Girondins debate the war after France declares war on Austria.

Austria enters into a defensive alliance with Prussia against Russia.

Austria masses an army of 50,000 in Galicia and Transylvania.

The Royal Albert Bridge passes its official Board of Trade inspection and load tests.

Chatt scores the winning goal during the opening minute of the 1895 final.

Devey captains Villa to a 1-0 FA Cup final victory over West Bromwich Albion.

McKinley signs a congressional resolution recognizing Cuban independence from Spain & signs the Joint Resolution for War with Spain that authorizes US military intervention to Cuban independence

McKinley signs a congressional resolution recognizing Cuban independence from Spain & signs the Joint Resolution for War with Spain that authorizes US military intervention to Cuban independence

McKinley signs a congressional resolution recognizing Cuban independence from Spain & signs the Joint Resolution for War with Spain that authorizes US military intervention to Cuban independence

McKinley signs a congressional resolution recognizing Cuban independence from Spain & signs the Joint Resolution for War with Spain that authorizes US military intervention to Cuban independence

Hamilton oversees final preparations as more than two hundred vessels assemble at Mudros for the invasion.

Churchill supplies information concerning attacks by submarines on British and neutral merchant ships.

Churchill answers questions concerning honours and promotion for Royal Navy engineer officers.

Kerensky faces mass demonstrations in Petrograd after publication of Milyukov's war aims statement.

Public demonstrations erupt after Miliukov's war-policy note becomes known, deepening the first major crisis of the Provisional Government.

Helps calm demonstrations against the government.

Faces public anger over the war policy of the Provisional Government

Presses Bolshevik opposition to the Provisional Government during the crisis

Opposition to the Foreign Minister Milyukov boils over due to his refusal to renounce annexations

Opposition to the Foreign Minister Milyukov boils over due to his refusal to renounce annexations

His note promising to honour Allied war commitments sparks street demonstrations

A Decree outlaws the purchase & leasing of industrial & commercial business. A Decree compels all securities & bonds to be registered with the Government

The Second Zahle Council Presidency ends in Copenhagen, concluding this term as Council President of Denmark.

His government publishes documents explaining German reparations policy from May 1921 through March 1922.

Sets up an Exchange Equalization Fund to prevent sudden fluctuations in sterling

Roosevelt prohibits gold exports and redemption, formally suspending the United States gold standard.

Goering forms a partnership with Himmler and Heydrich, placing the Gestapo under their control, in order to crush the SA

Himmler has control over the SS, Gestapo (political police) & SD (secret police). Goering hands over the Gestapo to Himmler

Goering hands over the Gestapo to Himmler

Goering forms a partnership with Himmler and Heydrich, placing the Gestapo under their control, in order to crush the SA

Publishes Keep the Aspidistra Flying.

Releases Olympia, her two-part documentary on the 1936 Olympic Games.

French troops deploy around Namsos as part of the Allied attempt to retake Trondheim.

A contract is concluded with the University of California to manage Los Alamos administration, procurement and payroll.

On his birthday Hitler makes his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to some boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth

The German defences are mainly led by Helmuth Weidling and consisted of several depleted, badly equipped, and disorganised Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS divisions, as well as many Volkssturm and Hitler Youth members

Communist forces cross the Yangtze River after peace negotiations fail, opening the final drive into Nationalist-held southern China.

The Communists cross the River Yangtze

Asks Congress for $3,530 million for foreign aid

The invasion force of Cuban exiles has been killed or captured by Castro

Taiwan begins agricultural and economic cooperation programs with eleven African countries as part of the government’s diplomatic strategy.

Defends democracy and explains the turn toward sabotage.

Delivers his famous statement from the dock.

Tried alongside Nelson Mendella

Tried alongside Nelson Mendella

Tried alongside Nelson Mendella

Opening day of Mandellas defence

Tried alongside Nelson Mendella

Tried alongside Nelson Mendella

Tried alongside Nelson Mendella

Tried alongside Nelson Mendella

McNamara & Westmorland agree to use B52s for conventional bombing in South Vietnam

McNamara & Westmorland agree to use B52s for conventional bombing in South Vietnam

Brian Epstein is appointed Director of Harrisongs Ltd

McNamara, Westmoreland, Wheeler, William Bundy & Ambassador Taylor recommend to the President sending another 40,000 combat soldiers

McNamara, Westmoreland, Wheeler, William Bundy & Ambassador Taylor recommend to the President sending another 40,000 combat soldiers

McNamara, Westmoreland, Wheeler, William Bundy & Ambassador Taylor recommend to the President sending another 40,000 combat soldiers

The Beatles start recording George Harrisons, "Taxman"

Becomes prime minister after winning the Liberal leadership.

Announces further US troop withdrawals from Vietnam

Leaves the prime ministership as Sirik Matak takes over government leadership

Commands Orion to a landing in the Descartes Highlands after Mission Control clears the delayed descent.

Helps evaluate service propulsion system yaw oscillations before Mission Control clears Orion to land.

Pilots Orion to the Descartes Highlands after a delay caused by command-module propulsion concerns.

Releases Aladdin Sane, the first album written and issued after the breakthrough of Ziggy Stardust.

Khmer Rouge abolish money, markets, and private property

Rolling Stones release the album, "Black and Blue"

Rolling Stones release the album, "Black and Blue"

Rolling Stones release the album, "Black and Blue"

Rolling Stones release the album, "Black and Blue"

Desai says India will consider the Non-Proliferation Treaty only if established nuclear powers accept meaningful disarmament.

Clashes worsen as Sands hunger strike reaches its 52st day

British War Cabinet orders repossession of Islands

Orders the repossession of the Falkland Islands.

Releases Never Let Me Down, followed by the large-scale Glass Spider tour.

The Fifth Strougal Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia.

Brother-in-law accidentally discharges his shotgun, striking LeMond in the back just over two months before the 1987 Tour de France, LeMond misses the following two Tours while recovering

Chairs the first post-liberation cabinet.

The new cabinet concentrates on reconstruction and restoration of services.

Leads reconstruction planning after widespread occupation damage.

Forms the first government after liberation.

The Popular Participation Law decentralises resources and recognises municipal and community participation.

Israeli and PLO negotiators wrapped up an agreement transferring civilian Government powers to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and Jericho

Israeli and PLO negotiators wrapped up an agreement transferring civilian Government powers to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and Jericho

Makes decisive saves as Arsenal defeat Sampdoria on penalties to reach a second consecutive Cup Winners' Cup final.

Is reburied in the Pantheon with Pierre Curie.

Moseley Shoals enters the UK albums chart and peaks at number two.

Hosts G7 leaders for a summit focused on nuclear safety and holds bilateral talks with Bill Clinton.

Says he would like the Parliamentary system to be replaced by a presidential system

Gul says Turkey has agreed with the US to provide a postwar peacekeeping force

Leads the mission launched to test geodetic precession and frame dragging predicted by general relativity.

Appointed President of Ecuador after the removal of Lucio Gutierrez

Weaver helps lead Hubble observations showing the detailed fragmentation of Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 as it approaches the Sun.

Wins the election and breaks Colorado Party control of the presidency.

Scores Inter's equaliser in a 3-1 first-leg victory over defending champions Barcelona.

Real Madrid defeat Barcelona after extra time to win the Copa del Rey.

Mission controllers reduce MESSENGER's orbital period to about eight hours, increasing the number of close Mercury passes each day.

Becomes president of Laos

Becomes prime minister of Laos

Attends a Britain Stronger in Europe fundraising event alongside business and political figures supporting continued European Union membership.

Jewitt uses Hubble observations to help show that interstellar Comet Borisov contains unusually abundant carbon monoxide.

Commands defenders inside the Azovstal steelworks.

House passes long-delayed military aid for Ukraine.

A software-memory workaround restores usable Voyager 1 engineering data after five months of troubleshooting.

Birth of Adolf Hitler, Brannau, Austria, son of Alois Hitler & Klara Polz

Birth of Jomo Kenyatta

Birth of Alan James Beith

Death of Caedwalla

Death of Clement V

Death of Edward Brocking, executed

Death of Elizabeth Barton, executed

Mary's younger son Robert Duke of Albany dies in infancy

On his birthday Hitler makes his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to some boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth

Marshal Ivan Konevs 1st Ukrainian Front had pushed in the north through the last formations of Army Group Centre

The German defences are mainly led by Helmuth Weidling and consisted of several depleted, badly equipped, and disorganised Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS divisions, as well as many Volkssturm and Hitler Youth members

The 1st Belorussian Front led by Marshal Georgy Zhukov starts shelling Berlins city centre