August 13 in History

Begins a siege of Rome

Appointed Pope

Appointed Pope

Sails from Barfleur and lands at Porsmouth after marrying

Begins the siege of Harfleur

AppointedAdviser to the newly formed war council, advises on finance

Swears in a war council at Pontefract

Sends an ultimatum to Henry VIII at Therouanne in Flanders but is ignored

Appointed Adviser to the newly formed war council, advises on finance

Marries Louis of France at a proxy wedding. Attended on Louis behalf by the Duke of Longueville

Princes Mary marries Louis at a "proxy" wedding. Attended on Louis behalf by the Duke of Longueville

Mary marries Louis of France at a "proxy" wedding

Captures Mexico City from the Aztecs

Captures Tenochtitlan from the Aztecs

Henry VIIIs 4th Parliament closes

Appointed Leader of the Ruling Council

A Dutch court establishes a shared guardianship arrangement for the infant William III of Orange after the death of his father.

Lambert & Harrison join south of Preston before the Scots join the Cheshire militia

Lambert & Harrison join south of Preston before the Scots join the Cheshire militia

Discovers the Martian south polar cap

Charles II orders the suppression of pamphlets written by John Milton

Charles II orders the suppression of pamphlets written by John Milton

Lands at Bangor with Williamite troops for the Irish campaign

Villeroi begins the French bombardment of Brussels in an unsuccessful attempt to divert Allied pressure from Namur.

William III of Orange gains the stadtholdership of Drenthe, extending his formal position within the Dutch Republic.

The Scotish Estates want their Parliament to remain independent. Scotish Estates pass the Act of Security for Hanoverian succession. Anne suspends the Royal Assent to the Union

The Scotish Estates want their Parliament to remain independent. Scotish Estates pass the Act of Security for Hanoverian succession. Anne suspends the Royal Assent to the Union

Anne withholds assent from the Scottish Act of Security.

Commands the Allied right and centre at Blenheim.

Commits massed cavalry against the weakened French centre, helping turn the battle into a major Allied victory.

Pins substantial French forces on the battlefield flanks while preparing the decisive Allied attack against the weakened centre.

Tallard is taken prisoner after the collapse of French resistance at Blenheim.

Serves in cavalry operations during the Blenheim victory.

Marlborough's victory at Blenheim prevents a French-Bavarian threat to Austria and strengthens the alliance.

Eugene helps Marlborough win at Blenheim and preserve the Grand Alliance position in Germany.

Receives the captured French commander Marshal Tallard after the collapse of the Franco-Bavarian position at Blenheim.

Agreed between Britain, Prussia & Holland against France, the Empire & Russia

Louis is imprisoned in the Temple with his family

Louis is imprisoned in the Temple with his family.

Louis XVI and the royal family were imprisoned in the Temple after the monarchy's suspension.

Receives the Sicilian title Duke of Bronte.

Austria declares war on France

Takes Poor Law administration away from Parish authorities to elected boards

Takes Poor Law administration away from Parish authorities to elected boards. Provides workhouses for the destitute

Görgey's surrender ends organised Hungarian military resistance to Austria.

Hungarys General Gorgey surrenders to the Russian forces & Russia gives Hungary back to Austria

Hungarys General Gorgey surrenders to the Russian forces & Russia gives Hungary back to Austria

Hungarys General Gorgey surrenders to the Russian forces & Russia gives Hungary back to Austria

Surrenders to the Austrians at Vilagos

The annexation law ends Frankfurt's centuries-old status as a Free City.

Drafts a resolution defining the International's attitude toward the League of Peace and Freedom.

A commission investigates Parnells involvement in the Phoenix Park murders

The first coin-operated telephone is patented by William Gray of Hartford

Manila surrenders to the US

Accepts the surrender of Manila

The armistice, although occasionally broken, endured until 13 August when, with an allied army led by the British Alfred Gaselee approaching Beijing to relieve the siege, the Chinese launched their heaviest fusillade on the Legation Quarter. As the foreign army approached, Chinese forces melted away

Austrian forces cross River Drina and begin first invasion of Serbia

Hamilton meets Stopford again as he considers renewed attempts to seize the inland high ground after the Norfolk losses.

Warns that military collapse threatens revolutionary Russia.

Receives applause from conservative officers and public figures.

Declares the Siege of Tsaritswyn

Appointed Chancellor in the "Great Coalition"

Heads a coalition government during the 1923 crisis.

Refuses to issue additional currency, helping break the inflationary spiral.

Stresemann issues the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral. Six days after the Munich putch a reform of the German currency takes place and the Rentenmark is introduced, this effectively ends inflation

Heads a coalition Government

Is appointed Chancellor at the head of the Great Coalition.

Stresemann issues the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral. Six days after the Munich putch a reform of the German currency takes place and the Rentenmark is introduced, this effectively ends inflation

Stresemann issues the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral. Six days after the Munich putch a reform of the German currency takes place and the Rentenmark is introduced, this effectively ends inflation

Wilhelm Cuno (No party affiliation) leaves office

Hitler refuses to serve as Franz von Papens vice Chancellor

Hitler refuses to serve as Franz von Papens vice Chancellor. Appoints as Reichswehr Minister Kurt von Schleicher and all of the members of the new cabinet are of the same political opinion as Hindenberg

There is still no majority in the Reichstag for any Government, as a result, the Reichstag is dissolved and elections take place once more in the hope that a stable majority would result. Hitler refuses a ministry under Papen, and demands the Chancellorship for himself, but is rejected by Hindenburg

Hitler refuses to serve as Franz von Papens vice Chancellor

There is still no majority in the Reichstag for any Government, as a result, the Reichstag is dissolved and elections take place once more in the hope that a stable majority would result

Hitler refuses a ministry under Papen, and demands the Chancellorship for himself, but is rejected by Hindenburg

Becomes provisional president after Machado's fall.

The Battle of Shanghai begins as Chinese forces mount major resistance to the Japanese advance.

The Operation begins on Adlertag ("Eagle Day") by German forces, elimination of British air cover had been set as one of the prerequisites for Sea Lion - the amphibious assault of Britain. A series of Luftwaffe attacks beginning on 13 August 1940 known as Operation Eagle Attack (Unternehmen Adlerangriff) set to begin on Adlertag ("Eagle Day")

Will supply Britain with 50 WW1 destroyers for the lease of Caribbean naval bases

A series of Luftwaffe attacks beginning on 13 August 1940 known as Operation Eagle Attack (Unternehmen Adlerangriff) set to begin on Adlertag ("Eagle Day")

A series of Luftwaffe attacks beginning on 13 August 1940 known as Operation Eagle Attack (Unternehmen Adlerangriff) set to begin on Adlertag ("Eagle Day")

The Operation begins on Adlertag ("Eagle Day") by German forces, elimination of British air cover had been set as one of the prerequisites for Sea Lion - the amphibious assault of Britain

The Allies agree to set up the East Asia Command. The Allies agree to recognize de Gaulles Committee for National Liberation of France. 13 Aug-23 August, the Allies agree to mount an invasion called "Overlord" in May 44

The Allies 1st make plans for operation Overlord

13 Aug-23 August, the Allies agree to mount an invasion called "Overlord" in May 44

Takes over Middle East Command and works with Montgomery to rebuild the Eighth Army before the El Alamein battles.

Takes command of the Eighth Army and prepares the defence of Egypt against any renewed Axis push toward Suez.

The "Falaise Pocket" forms as a French patrol enters Argentan

The "Falaise Pocket" forms as a French patrol enters Argentan

Pattons 3rd Army was at Falaise & Montgomerys 2First Army Group at Argentan. Patton is ordered to halt, Montgomery takes 2 weeks to close the gap

The "Falaise Pocket" forms as a French patrol enters Argentan

The Paris police force goes on strike & joins force with the Resistance

Pattons 3rd Army was at Falaise & Montgomerys 2First Army Group at Argentan

Sihanouk's wartime government ends after Japan's defeat and the French return

Returns briefly to acting presidential authority during the 1946 succession.

Dismissed by the Shah

Appointed Chairman of the President's committee on Government Contracts

The government promulgated the Code of Personal Status, reforming marriage, divorce, and family law.

Lee remained confined following his second court-martial until August 13, 1958, after earlier suspended confinement was reinstated.

Supports East German measures sealing the border between East and West Berlin.

Faces a general strike that develops into the Trois Glorieuses uprising against his government.

Creates the National Information Centre to replace DINA as the military government's intelligence organization.

The Act reduces individual income-tax rates and accelerates business depreciation allowances.

Birth of William Caxton

Birth of Ivan Alexandrovich Serov

Birth of Fidel Castro

Francis of Guise fights in the French victory at Renty

Harrison and Lambert attempt to slow Charles II's southward march at Warrington Bridge.

Commands infantry under Marlborough at Blenheim.

Marlborough and Eugene defeat the French-Bavarian army at Blenheim, saving Vienna and changing the course of the war.

At the Battle of Blenheim, Orkney leads the final assault on the village of Blenheim, receiving the surrender of its French defenders

Victory helps keep Bavaria in the war. Marlborough & Eugene defeat the French-Bavarian-Prussian coalition. Helps prevent Vienna from being captured

Victory helps keep Bavaria in the war. Marlborough & Eugene defeat the French-Bavarian-Prussian coalition. Helps prevent Vienna from being captured

George Hamilton leads the final assault into Blenheim and receives the surrender of French defenders.

Loses to Marlborough and Eugene at Blenheim.

Lumley fights at Blenheim during Marlborough's decisive victory.

Marsin commands part of the Franco-Bavarian army during the defeat at Blenheim.

Tallard commands the French right at Blenheim and is captured after the Allied breakthrough.

Directs national resistance as the Luftwaffe launches Eagle Day.

An offensive is discovered when the British use the enigma machine

The engagements resulting from Eagle Day are later dubbed the Battle of Britain. 1st day of the main offensive

The Operation begins on Adlertag ("Eagle Day") by German forces, elimination of British air cover had been set as one of the prerequisites for Sea Lion - the amphibious assault of Britain. The engagements resulting from Eagle Day are later dubbed the Battle of Britain

The engagements resulting from Eagle Day are later dubbed the Battle of Britain

Commands major Luftwaffe formations during Eagle Day.

Luftflotte 2 attacks targets across south-east England.

Directs No. 11 Group during Eagle Day.

Fighter Command prevents the Luftwaffe from crippling southern defences.