August 8 in History

Supports the announcement of Hadrian as Trajan successor.

The Treaty of Meerssen is confirmed, Louis receives East Francia (which would evolve into the Kingdom of Germany)

Under the Treaty of Meerssen Lothar's only surviving son Emperor Louis II controls Frankish Italy

Under the Treaty of Meerssen Lotharingia is shared between Louis II & Charles the Bald and Louis II recieves the Imperial Crown and Italy

Under the Treaty of Meerssen Charles the Bald receives West Francia (which would evolve into the Kingdom of France)

The Treaty of Meerssen is confirmed, Louis receives East Francia (which would evolve into the Kingdom of Germany)

Lotharingia is shared between Louis II & Charles the Bald by the Treaty of Meerssen

Lotharingia is shared between Louis II & Charles the Bald by the Treaty of Meerssen

Under the Treaty of Meerssen Charles the Bald receives West Francia (which would evolve into the Kingdom of France)

Under the Treaty of Meerssen Lotharingia is shared between Louis II & Charles the Bald and Louis II recieves the Imperial Crown and Italy

Under the Treaty of Meerssen Charles the Bald & Louis the German divide Louis II's kingdom

Under the Treaty of Meerssen Charles the Bald receives West Francia (which would evolve into the Kingdom of France)

Under the Treaty of Meerssen Lothar's only surviving son Emperor Louis II controls Frankish Italy

Lotharingia is shared between Louis II & Charles the Bald by the Treaty of Meerssen

Under the Treaty of Meerssen Lotharingia is shared between Louis II & Charles the Bald and Louis II recieves the Imperial Crown and Italy

Lotharingia is shared between Louis II & Charles the Bald by the Treaty of Meerssen

The Treaty of Meerssen is confirmed, Louis receives East Francia (which would evolve into the Kingdom of Germany). Louis II the Stammerer secures his succession with Louis the Young. A Treaty of partition of the realm of Lothair II by his uncles Louis the German of East Francia and Charles the Bald of West Francia, the two surviving sons of Emperor Louis I the Pious

Eleanor of Aquitaine & Louis VII are consecrated Duchess & Duke of Aquitaine

Eleanor of Aquitaine & Louis VII are consecrated Duchess & Duke of Aquitaine

Succeeds as Duchess of Aquitaine

Eric IV was apparently slain by two of Abels men after a year-long conflict between the two brothers, and even though Abel and twenty-four noblemen swore an official oath. After a dearly-bought victory over Abel, Erik III negotiates a truce with him but the same year he is taken prisoner by his brother as he passes through Schleswig and is assassinated

After a dearly-bought victory over Abel, Erik III negotiates a truce with him but the same year he is taken prisoner by his brother as he passes through Schleswig and is assassinated

Captures the Stone of Scone, symbol of kingship

Edward I captures the Stone of Scone, symbol of kingship

Takes the Stone of Scone to Westminster where it remains for 700 years. Captures the Stone of Scone, symbol of kingship

Assassinated while preparing for a campaign in Poland

Captures Roxburgh castle

Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor marries James IV of Scotland, giving dynastic substance to the Anglo-Scottish peace.

Marries Princess Margaret, Henry VIIs eldest daughter

Marries James IV of Scotland

Signs a Treaty agreeing that England & France should deal jointly with Charles V

Henry II of France declares war on England and renews pressure against English-held Boulogne.

Mary wants to give Edward a Catholic funeral but is persuaded to give a Protestant one

Attends a private Mass for Edward in the Tower

Edward VI is buried in Henry VII's Lady Chapel at Westminster Abbey using the reformed English service.

Mary permits Edward VI a Protestant funeral while maintaining Catholic worship

Mary attends a private Catholic Mass for Edward VI in the Tower

Signs the Treaty of St Germain, ends the 3rd War of Religion

After fighting off Flanders, the Armada is forced northward and abandons the planned junction with Parma.

Queen Elizabeth visits Tilbury to encourage her forces and gives to them what is probably her most famous speech

Queen Elizabeth visits Tilbury to encourage her forces and gives to them what is probably her most famous speech. I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too

The Venetian senate examines Galileo's telescope. Demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers, his work on the device made for a profitable sideline with merchants who found it useful for their shipping businesses and trading issues

Spanish troops occupy Corbie, 50 miles north of Paris

Louis XIII captures Arras

Charles dismisses parliamentary commissioners during renewed disputes over Hull.

Charles dismisses parliamentary commissioners during renewed disputes over Hull.

Commands the Allied army while it is encamped around Meldert during manoeuvres following the breakthrough of the Brabant lines.

Godolphin is dismissed as Lord Treasurer as Tory influence rises during Queen Anne's reign.

Louis XVI announced that the Estates General would be convened in 1789 as the financial and political crisis worsened.

Petion supports explicit legal protection for freedom of the press while the Assembly debates civil liberties.

Petion supported explicit legal protection for freedom of the press during debates on civil liberties.

Promulgates a liberal constitution defining Chile as a representative republic.

Russia rejects Allied peace conditions, the Vienna Four Points.

Russia rejects conditions set by the Allies, the Vienna Four Points.

Russia rejects conditions set by the Allies, the Vienna Four Points.

The Triumvirate take over the Government of the Transvaal

The Triumvirate take over the Government of the Transvaal

The Triumvirate take over the Government of the Transvaal

The Triumvirate take over the Government of the Transvaal

The Triumvirate take over the Government of the Transvaal

The Triumvirate take over the Government of the Transvaal

Appointed acting President of Venezuela

The Republic of Hawaii is officially recognized by the USA

The Republic of Hawaii is officially recognized by the USA

The Republic of Hawaii is officially recognized by the USA

The Republic of Hawaii is officially recognized by the USA

Appointed Prime Minister of Spain (acting)

Churchill gets engaged to Clementine Hozier

The Endurance leaves Plymouth for Buenos Aires

Endurance sails from Plymouth as Shackleton begins the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition

Appointed Chief Officer of the Endurance

Mustafa Kemal assumes command of Ottoman forces opposing the Allied advance around Suvla and Sari Bair.

Nasmith's E11 torpedoes and sinks the Ottoman battleship Barbaros Hayreddin.

Malone's battalion holds Chunuk Bair through repeated Ottoman attacks and devastating artillery fire.

Godley arranges relief of the shattered Wellington Battalion after its day-long defence of Chunuk Bair.

Malone leads the Wellington Battalion onto the summit of Chunuk Bair before dawn.

Bassett repeatedly repairs telephone lines under fire between the front and headquarters at Chunuk Bair.

Symons leads men defending newly captured trenches during fierce Ottoman counterattacks at Lone Pine.

Malone is killed on Chunuk Bair by shellfire while his depleted battalion continues holding the summit.

Hamilton becomes increasingly dissatisfied with the slow advance from the Suvla beachhead.

Symons organises local counterattacks and helps hold captured trenches during the Lone Pine fighting.

Coleridge is sent from divisional headquarters to locate forward troops and stress the need to gain the W Hills before nightfall.

Commands French First Army on Haig's southern flank during the Amiens attack.

French First Army attacks on the right of the British Fourth Army.

Tank Corps supports the opening attack with large numbers of armoured vehicles.

Commands the British Expeditionary Force as Rawlinson's Fourth Army attacks with Debeney's French First Army at Amiens.

Sees the Amiens defeat as a severe blow to German morale and confidence.

German Second Army absorbs the main shock of the Allied surprise offensive.

Australian Corps attacks beside Canadian formations in the centre of the offensive.

Commands British Fourth Army during the surprise attack east of Amiens, with Australian and Canadian corps in the centre.

Air support helps protect the assault and disrupt German movement behind the front.

Welcomes the Allied attack at Amiens as the strategic initiative begins shifting decisively.

Monash directs the Australian Corps during the opening attack of the Battle of Amiens.

The White Army has captured Kazan & Trotsky mobilizes his command train to relieve it

Haig's armies join the Allied counteroffensive that begins the decisive Hundred Days campaign.

Leaves Moscows in his command train, "a flying apparatus of administration"

Takes part in operations against the Ottoman rail station at Mudawwara.

The British counter-attack of 8 August at the Battle of Amiens is spectacularly successful, and amounts to what Ludendorff termed "the black day of the German Army"

The British counter-attack of 8 August at the Battle of Amiens is spectacularly successful, and amounts to what Ludendorff termed "the black day of the German Army"

Urges the continuation of existing relations with Russia

The peace treaty ends the war and confirms Afghanistan's control of its foreign policy.

The Croats form a separatist assembly

The Croats form a separatist assembly

The Croats form a separatist assembly

Helps encircle large Russian forces at Smolensk

Advised that he is being relieved of his command of the Eighth Army

Supports renewed Canadian operations intended to narrow the escape route for German forces.

Witzleben is executed at Plotzensee Prison after conviction by the People's Court

His government ends in Helsinki, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Finland.

His death marks the destruction of a senior military branch of the anti Hitler resistance

Troops of the newly activated 3rd United States Army captured the city of Le Mans, formerly the German 7th Armys headquarters

Orders Patton to create a "short hook" from Le Mans to Falaise to trap the Germans

Ordered by Bradley to create a "short hook" from Le Mans to Falaise

Eberbach attempted to contain the Allied breakthrough south of Caen.

Foster commanded Canadian infantry during the first phases of the attack south of Caen.

Kitching led his armoured division in the offensive south from Caen.

Maczek's division joined the armoured exploitation from the Caen sector toward Falaise.

Meyer directed German resistance against the Canadian-led offensive from Caen toward Falaise.

Orders an airborne division to Gace to close the ring around the main German forces

Simonds planned the night attack using armoured columns and heavy bombing south of Caen.

Germany's greatest tank ace of the war is killed in action

Witzleben dies at Plotzensee as one of the first senior officers executed after the July Plot

Takes office as Prime Minister of Finland and forms a government in Helsinki.

Witzleben is executed for his part in the Stauffenberg plot and the attempted overthrow of Hitler

Troops of the newly activated 3rd United States Army captured the city of Le Mans, formerly the German 7th Armys headquarters

Keller was wounded when Allied bombers accidentally struck Canadian positions during Operation Totalize.

The international military tribunal charter lists 24 suspected war criminals

Russia declares war on Japan. Rusiia declares war on Japan

Russia invades Manchuria

The international military tribunal charter is drawn up with 24 suspect war criminals

India and Bhutan sign a treaty establishing a new framework for their bilateral relationship.

From 8 to 20 August 1955, the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva

From 8 to 20 August 1955, the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva

A Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955-1956 by a group of twelve countries

A Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955-1956 by a group of twelve countries

A Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at the Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955-1956 by a group of twelve countries

Cantillo signs a secret armistice with the 26th of July movement, ending the Verano offensive

The failed offensive leaves Batista's army weakened.

Castro's remaining forces complete their withdrawal from Cantillo's encirclement.

By August 8th, Castro's entire army had escaped back into the mountains, Operation Verano had been a failure for the Batista Government

Cantillo signs a secret armistice with the 26th of July movement, ending the Verano offensive

By August 8th, Castros entire army had escaped back into the mountains, Operation Verano had been a failure for the Batista Government

Cantillo's offensive ends without destroying Castro's guerrilla army.

Batista's army ends the campaign without eliminating the rebel command.

Operation Verano ends after the rebels escape the army's final encirclement.

Proclaims an autonomous South Kasai state amid ethnic conflict and the wider collapse of central authority.

Mandela 1st gives evidence at his trial

Releases Another Side of Bob Dylan.

Releases My Back Pages on Another Side of Bob Dylan.

Lin Biao supports the Sixteen Points decision that legitimises mass rebellion

The party adopts the Sixteen Points, defining the programme of the Cultural Revolution

Nominated to stand for Presidential office by the Republican Party

Announces in a televised address that he will resign the presidency at noon the following day as congressional support collapses.

Faced with the threat of impeachment

Kabariti participates in government appointment connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Pioneer Venus Multiprobe launches carrying one large and three small atmospheric probes toward Venus.

Congress selects Guevara Arze as interim president after an inconclusive election.

Sees the Housing Act 1980 receive Royal Assent.

Makes right to buy a central housing policy.

Declares Kuwait annexed by Iraq.

The claim is rejected by the United Nations and most governments.

Goldstone and Very Large Array radar observations reveal an unusually bright region near Mercury's north pole consistent with water ice.

Ieng Sary defects and receives amnesty

Russia, which supports the South Osettias bid for separation, bombs targets throughout Georgia and moves troops into the region and into Abkhazia

In one of the biggest losses in UK corporate history, RBS reports a pre-tax loss of œ692 million in the first half, after writing down œ5.9 billion on investments hit by the credit crunch

Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin says ``war has started in the breakaway region of South Ossetia while Georgia accuses Russia of ``a well-planned invasion and appeals to world leaders for help. Georgia, a US ally who wants to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, accuses Russia of stoking tensions in South Ossetia and another separatist region, Abkhazia

Georgia, a US ally who wants to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, accuses Russia of stoking tensions in South Ossetia and another separatist region, Abkhazia

Russia, which supports the South Osettias bid for separation, bombs targets throughout Georgia and moves troops into the region and into Abkhazia

Georgia, a US ally who wants to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, accuses Russia of stoking tensions in South Ossetia and another separatist region, Abkhazia

Moscow says it had launched a raid on the town of Senaki to stop Georgia from attacking Russian forces in South Ossetia, another breakaway region

Disorder and looting spread through parts of Birmingham during nationwide disturbances.

The National Transitional Council transfers power to the elected General National Congress.

Scores the opening goal as Real Madrid defeat Manchester United 2-1 in the European Super Cup.

Scores Real Madrid's second goal in the European Super Cup victory over Manchester United.

Birth of Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist

Dies in Cilicia while returning from the eastern campaign.

Death of Erik III

Death of Erik IV, assassinated

Death of Wenceslas III, last in the line of the House of Premysl

Death of George Canning

Death of Heinrich Abeken

Witzleben is sentenced to death for his role in the conspiracy against Hitler

Marilyn Monroes funeral is held at the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery

Death of Patricia Neal

Sends 8 tarred fireships to attack the Armada where it waits to rendezvous with Parma

Uses Swedish defeat to prepare his return to the Polish throne.

Loses political support after the collapse of Swedish power.

Sparre commands the Swedish fleet during the naval battle off Rugen.

Commands III Corps on the British left during the Amiens operation.

Leads Canadian Corps in the surprise attack that breaks German positions near Amiens.

Commands French First Army on the southern flank of the Allied attack.

Supports the attack with massed tanks used to break German defensive positions.

Directs British forces as the Amiens attack opens the Allied advance on the Western Front.

The Battle of Amiens opens in fog. British Fourth Army and French First Army break through German lines and begin the Hundred Days advance.

The Second Armys failure to secure the fall of Amiens (in particular the critically important railway junction) in the centre of the German line compromised the whole of Ludendorffs planned advance. 8-11 Aug, offensive instigated by Haig, ultimately leads to victory

Commands cavalry prepared to exploit breakthroughs made by infantry and tanks.

Recognises the scale of the defeat as German morale and defensive cohesion weaken.

Commands German Second Army facing the Allied assault east of Amiens.

Leads Australian Corps in the centre of the Fourth Army assault.

Commands Fourth Army in the main British attack east of Amiens.

The Battle of Amiens, also known as the Third Battle of Picardy, begins the Allied counter-offensive later called the Hundred Days Offensive.

Renews attacks on the Channel, marks the next phase. Over the next 3 days the Germans lose 35 to the British 29 aircraft over the Channel. Gathers a force of 2,800 planes, 900 fighters & 1,300 bombers in 3 fleets

A major objective, was still in German hands by the end of D-Day, and would remain so until the battle for Caen, 8 August