Dynastic Alliance
David's marriage to Joan links the Bruce and Plantagenet houses
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On this date in world history
July 17 in History
This permanent archive page contains 252 World History Database records for July 17, spanning 924 to 2026. Recorded topics include Death of Edward the Elder; Battle of Navas de Tolosa; Death of Edmund Mortimer.
Total: 252Events: 223Births: 7Deaths: 15Battles: 5Coronations: 2Countries: 35
Events on July 17
Marriage to David Bruce
Joan of the Tower marries David Bruce to seal the peace
Marriage to Joan of Tower
David Bruce marries Joan of the Tower under the peace settlement
Plot
Mary writes to Babington ploting against Elizabeth I & falls into Walsinghams trap
Diplomatic Negotiations
Negotiations are abandoned
Spanish Armada, 1st
Peace negotiations are abandoned
Arrest of Walter Raleigh
Arrested for allegedly plotting with Spain to place Arabella Stuart on the throne
Grandees
Ireton helps shape the Grandees' moderate constitutional programme, drafting the Heads of the Proposals to secure limited monarchy, parliamentary reform and protection for the Army
Grandees
Lambert works with Ireton and the senior officers on the Heads of the Proposals, giving the Grandees an alternative settlement to both Parliament's Newcastle Propositions and Leveller radicalism
Heads of the Proposals
Ireton presents a draft settlement to the General Council of the Army, seeking a constitutional agreement after the First Civil War that would limit monarchy while avoiding the harsher Newcastle Propositions
Heads of the Proposals
Lambert helps shape the Army's proposed settlement, working with Ireton on terms intended to reconcile King, Parliament and Army after the defeat of Charles I
Heads of the Proposals
Petty takes part in the wider radical pressure around the Army Council, seeking stronger constitutional guarantees than those finally contained in the Heads of the Proposals
Heads of the Proposals
Walwyn is connected with the radical civilian circle consulted during the Army's settlement discussions, but the resulting Heads fall short of Leveller demands for popular sovereignty
Heads of the Proposals
Wildman is involved among the Army's radical civilian allies as the Heads of the Proposals are debated, but later criticises the plan for reflecting the King's interests too strongly
Governor
Aurangzeb receives his second appointment as viceroy of the Deccan, beginning another extended period of provincial command.
Sighting of Alaska
Lookouts aboard Bering’s St Peter sighted snow-covered mountains on the North American coast.
Coup
Death of Peter III, at the hands of Alexei Orlov (younger brother to Gregory Orlov, then court favorite and a participant in the coup)
Coup
Death of Peter III, at the hands of Alexei Orlov (younger brother to Gregory Orlov, then court favorite and a participant in the coup)
Coup
Death of Peter III, at the hands of Alexei Orlov (younger brother to Gregory Orlov, then court favorite and a participant in the coup)
Coup
Death of Peter III, at the hands of Alexei Orlov (younger brother to Gregory Orlov, then court favorite and a participant in the coup)
Election
Catherines ascension manifesto justifies her succession by citing the "unanimous election" but many regard her reign as a usurpation, tolerable only during the minority of Grand Duke Paul
Manifesto
Catherines ascension manifesto justifies her succession by citing the "unanimous election" but many regard her reign as a usurpation, tolerable only during the minority of Grand Duke Paul
Succession
Catherines ascension manifesto justifies her succession by citing the "unanimous election" but many regard her reign as a usurpation, tolerable only during the minority of Grand Duke Paul. Although not descended from any Russian Emperor, Catherine succeeds her husband and becomes reigning Empress, following an earlier precedent when Catherine I succeeded Peter I in 1725
Parliament
The Parliament at Besancon demands that the Estates General be convened
Commander of National Guard
Appointed Commander of the National Guard by Louis XVI
Commander of National Guard
Appointed Commander of the National Guard by Louis XVI
Commander of National Guard
Lafayette was appointed Commander of the National Guard by Louis XVI.
National Guard
The National Guard is commanded by Lafayette. Announces the creation of the National Guard formed from the "citizens militia"
National Guard
The National Guard is commanded by Lafayette. Announces the creation of the National Guard formed from the "citizens militia".
Reception of Louis XVI
As mayor of Paris, Bailly formally received Louis XVI at the Hotel de Ville after the fall of the Bastille.
Royal Visit to Paris
Louis XVI visited Paris after the fall of the Bastille and publicly accepted the authority of the new municipal leadership.
Tricolour Cockade
Appears at the Hotel de Ville wearing the Red & Blue of Paris & the Bourbon White
Tricolour Cockade
Appears at the Hotel de Ville wearing the Red and Blue of Paris and the Bourbon White.
Champ de Mars
The Champ de Mars massacre deepens the division between moderate constitutionalists and more radical Jacobins
Champ de Mars
The Champ de Mars massacre deepens the division between moderate constitutionalists and more radical Jacobins.
Champ de Mars Massacre
The massacre deepens the split between radical Jacobins and moderate constitutionalists
Champ de Mars Massacre
The massacre deepens the split between radical Jacobins and moderate constitutionalists.
Champ de Mars Suppression
Lafayette commanded National Guard forces during the violent suppression of the republican petitioners at the Champ de Mars.
Execution
Declared a traitor to the French Republic & guillotined
Rule of Florida
Spain cedes Folrida to the USA
Rule of Florida
Spain cedes Folrida to the USA
Mickleton Tunnel Contract Dispute Escalates
Brunel arrives with a large workforce during a bitter contractor dispute at Mickleton Tunnel, prompting local magistrates to intervene.
Siege of Beijing
An armistice is declared by the Chinese
Siege of Beijing
Declines to press the siege of the foreign legations.
Siege of Beijing
Limits pressure on the legations despite hardliner demands.
Siege of Beijing
Helps defend the legations and rescue Chinese Christians.
Mobilization
17-30 July, orders full Russian mobilization
Escape from Captivity
Escapes from Austro-Hungarian captivity and returns to Russia.
Federal Farm Loan Act
The Act creates regional banks providing long-term mortgage credit to farmers.
War Minister Appointment Addressed
Addresses the wartime leadership of the War Office after Lloyd George becomes Secretary of State for War.
All Power to the Soviets
during the afternoon of 17 July a peaceful demonstration of 500,000 workers, soldiers, and sailors under the slogan All Power to the Soviets is held.
All Power to the Soviets
The Bolsheviks decide to provide leadership to the movement in order to give it an organized and peaceful character so.
All Power to the Soviets
The demands which the workers and soldiers take to the streets with in the July Days are influenced by the Bolshevik Party All Power to the Soviets.
Bolshevik Military Organisation
The demonstration is organized by the Bolshevik Military Organisation without initial authorization from the Central Committee after pressure from rank and file soldiers
Bolshevik Military Organisation
Both Trotsky and Zinoviev argued that the street protests remain peaceful so the Bolshevik Military Organisation organize the demonstration.
Bolshevik Military Organisation
Coming out in support of the street demonstrations.
Bolshevik Military Organisation
Mobilizing reinforcements from the front lines and dispatching armored cars to capture key posts including bridges and the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Bolshevik Military Organisation
Under the pressure of what seemed like a developing mass demonstration of workers and soldiers in the streets, the leadership of the Bolshevik Military Organisation, the Petersburg Committee and later on the Central Committee, reversed their decision.
Bolshevik Party
Kerensky orders the arrest of Lenin and the other leading Bolsheviks, accusing them of inciting revolt with German financial backing
Bolshevik Party
and sailors under the slogan All Power to the Soviets is held
Bolshevik Party
The Bolsheviks decide to provide leadership to the movement in order to give it an organized and peaceful character so during the afternoon of 17 July a peaceful demonstration of 500,000 workers soldiers
Bolshevik Party
The demands which the workers and soldiers take to the streets with in the July Days are influenced by the Bolshevik Party All Power to the Soviets.
Bolshevik Party
The demonstration is organized by the Bolshevik Military Organisation without initial authorization from the Central Committee after pressure from rank and file soldiers.
Bolshevik Party
Both Trotsky and Zinoviev argued that the street protests remain peaceful so the Bolshevik Military Organisation organize the demonstration.
Bolshevik Party
Coming out in support of the street demonstrations.
Bolshevik Party
Mobilizing reinforcements from the front lines and dispatching armored cars to capture key posts including bridges and the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Bolshevik Party
Under the pressure of what seemed like a developing mass demonstration of workers and soldiers in the streets, the leadership of the Bolshevik Military Organisation, the Petersburg Committee and later on the Central Committee, reversed their decision.
House of Windsor
A royal proclamation by George V provides that all agnatic descendants of Queen Victoria would be members of the House of Windsor with the personal surname of Windsor
July Days
Orders action against leading Bolsheviks after accusing them of inciting revolt.
July Days
Anti-government demonstrations also spread beyond Petrograd to Moscow and other cities.
July Days
Bolsheviks try to give the mass movement a more organised and peaceful direction.
July Days
Government troops fire on demonstrators and the Soviet supports punitive measures.
July Days
The Bolshevik Military Organisation helps organise the armed demonstration.
July Days
The Central Committee tries to restrain the developing street movement.
July Days
Workers and soldiers march under the slogan All Power to the Soviets.
July Days
Bolshevik leaders reverse course and support the mass demonstrations.
July Days
Trotsky argues that street protests should remain peaceful and disciplined.
July Days
Trotsky supports Central Committee efforts to restrain the movement.
Lenin Arrest Order
Orders Lenin and other Bolsheviks arrested after the July Days.
Menshevik Party
The military authorities send troops against the demonstration, leaving more than 700 people killed and wounded & the SRs and Mensheviks support punitive measures against the July Days insurgents. The Mensheviks oppose the demonstrations during the July Days
Minister Without Portfolio
Appointed Minister without Portfolio
Petersburg Committee
Under the pressure of what seemed like a developing mass demonstration of workers and soldiers in the streets, the leadership of the Bolshevik Military Organisation, the Petersburg Committee and later on the Central Committee, reversed their decision, coming out in support of the street demonstrations
Provisional Government
A new provisional Government is set up with Kerensky at its head
War Cabinet
Appointed Member of War Cabinet, without portfolio
Amiens Offensive
Accepts Rawlinson's proposal for an offensive against the German salient near Amiens.
Amiens Offensive
Develops plans for a limited surprise attack east of Amiens.
Bolshevik Party
Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich is executed by the Bolsheviks
Execution
An Ekaterinburg officiak cables Moscow with a message of the execution of Nicholas II
Execution
Nicholas, his family & servants are shot in the grounds of Ipatevs house
Execution
Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich is executed by the Bolsheviks
Execution
Nicholas, his family & servants are shot in Ekaterinburg
Execution of Nicholas II
Nicholas II is executed with his family and attendants by Bolshevik guards in the Ipatiev House.
Offensive Marne-Reims
Final day of 5th Ludendorf offensive, Battle of the Marne
Heimwehr
The increasing politicalization of militias led to the Heimwehr involvement the July massacre
Massacre
The increasing politicalization of militias led to the Heimwehr involvement the July massacre
Assassination of Alvaro Obregon
President Obregon is assassinated by Jose de Leon Toral
Assassination of Alvaro Obregon
President Obregon is assassinated by Jose de Leon Toral
First World Cup Hat-Trick
Scores the first hat-trick in World Cup history as the United States defeat Paraguay.
Assassination of Manuel Romerales
General Manuel Romerales, Commanding officer of the East Army, is murdered by rebels
Declaration of War
Pamplona, Saragossa, Oviedo, Salamanca, Avila, Segovia & Cadiz are in rebel hands. Franco declares a "state of war" for all of Spain
Declaration of War
Pamplona, Saragossa, Oviedo, Salamanca, Avila, Segovia & Cadiz are in rebel hands. Franco declares a "state of war" for all of Spain
Gestapo
Siezes control of the Gestapo
Reballion of military
A military uprising begins in Moroco, start of the civil war
Reballion of military
A military uprising begins in Moroco, start of the civil war
Reballion of right wing
Generals Mola, Franco, Sanurjo & Goded lead a right wing revolt
Reballion of right wing
Generals Mola, Franco, Sanurjo & Goded lead a right wing revolt
Reballion of The
The rebels gain control over about one third of Spain. Franco declares a "state of war" for all of Spain
Lushan Statement
Delivers the Lushan statement declaring that China has reached the last point at which it can tolerate further Japanese aggression.
Transfer Orders for Russia
Battisti's Cuneense Division receives orders for movement to the Eastern Front as part of the Alpine Corps.
Health of Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel
Rommels staff car is attacked by fighter bombers & he is seriously injured
Proposes Tripartite Meeting in Scotland
Proposes meeting Stalin and Churchill in Scotland to coordinate the next stage of Allied strategy.
Conference of Potsdam
Soviet power in Eastern Europe is recognized. Polands western frontier will follow the Oder-Neisse line. Germany will divided into 4 zones. Churchill, Stalin & Truman agree the map for post war Europe
Declaration of Hussein
King Hussein declares himself head of Jordan/Iraqi federation
Government
Senate rejects medicare for the aged
Nuclear Power
The US performs nuclear tests at the Nevada test site
Nuclear Power
Great Britain performs nuclear Test at Nevada test Site
Coup
Assists in the coup by breaking into the Presidential Palace
Coup
Assists in the coup by breaking into the Presidential Palace
Coup
Arif surrenders himself to Tikriti & then is exiled to London
Coup
Arif surrenders himself to Tikriti & then is exiled to London
Coup
Overthrown by a Baathist coup
Coup
Masterminds the Baathist siezure of power
Coup
Masterminds the Baathist siezure of power
Coup
1st day of a coup that brings the Baath Party to power
Coup
Breaks into the Presidential Palace & holds a gun to the Presidents head
Coup
Breaks into the Presidential Palace & holds a gun to the Presidents head
Coup
Helps the Baathist take possession of the Presidential Palace
Coup
Helps the Baathist take possession of the Presidential Palace. Arif surrenders himself to Tikriti & then is exiled to London
Exile of Abdul Rahman Arif
Arif surrenders himself to Tikriti & then is exiled to London
Yellow Submarine
Beatles animated film "Yellow Submarine" premieres in London
Yellow Submarine
Beatles animated film "Yellow Submarine" premieres in London
Constitution of Afghanistan
Proclaims a republic
Coup
Stages a coup while Zahir Shah is out of the country
Coup
Forces the King into exile & proclaims a Republic. After the famine of 1972, overthrows King Mohammed Zahir Shah in a Soviet backed coup
Coup
Daoud overthrows Zahir Shah while the king is receiving medical treatment in Italy.
Grand Jury Testimony on Commitments
Hunt testified before the Watergate grand jury about discussions concerning money, commitments, and sensitive work he had performed for White House officials.
President of Afghanistan
Mohammad Daoud Khan becomes Afghanistan's first president after overthrowing the monarchy.
Removal from Office
Daoud's republican coup removes Shafiq and dissolves the royal government.
Republic of Afghanistan
Daoud proclaims the Republic of Afghanistan and assumes executive authority.
Taping Evidence Follow-Up
Directs the committee's follow-up after disclosure of the White House taping system while hearings continue into presidential aides and Watergate-related financial and political activities.
Constitution of Great Britain
The Northern Ireland Bill gets Royal assent providing direct rule from Westminster
Green Card
John Lennon is ordered to leave the US in 60 days
Invasion of Cyprus
Attends talks with Wilson & Callaghan in London. Asks Britain to invade Cyprus & protect the Turkisk population but is refused support
Invasion of Cyprus
Ecevit asks Britain to support the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, no support is given
Legislation
The Northern Ireland Bill gets Royal consent & for direct rule from Westminster
Nuclear Power
France performs nuclear tests at Muruora Island
Political Support
Ecevit asks Britain to support the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, no support is given
Political Support at London
Asks Britain to invade Cyprus & protect the Turkisk population but is refused support
Rule of Northern Ireland
The Northern Ireland Bill gets Royal consent & for Direct Rule from Westminster
Apollo-Soyuz Call
Speaks with the Apollo-Soyuz crews after docking.
Apollo-Soyuz Docking
Joins Leonov during the first international crewed docking.
Apollo-Soyuz Docking
Docks Soyuz 19 with the American Apollo spacecraft.
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
Oversees NASA during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
Divorce
Ringo Starr and Maureen Cox divorce
Capture of Indonesia
Suharto annexes East Timor
Montreal Olympics
Opens the Montreal Olympic Games.
Rule of Timor
Suharto annexes East Timor
North Yemen Presidency
Becomes president of the Yemen Arab Republic.
Saleh Takes Office
Takes power after months of political instability.
First Elected Parliament Presidency
Members chose Veil to lead the newly directly elected Parliament, giving a French politician a prominent role in the Community's democratic institutions.
Inauguration
Inaugurated as President of Iraq
President of European Parliament
Simone Veil was elected the first President of the directly elected European Parliament and the first woman to hold the office.
World Record
Sebastian Coe runs world record 3:49 mile in Oslo
Assassination of Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz
Quiroga Santa Cruz is killed during the Garcia Meza coup
Exile of Anastasio Somoza
Forced to resign after a civel war with the Sandanistas & takes refuge in Miami
Government
Ronald Reagan formally accepts the Republican nomination for President
Military Coup
Garcia Meza seizes power in a violent military coup.
President of Bolivia
Garcia Meza begins an authoritarian military presidency.
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 1st term
Bombing of Beirut
Israeli bombers destroy PLO/al-Fatah headquarters in Beirut
Bombing of Beirut
Israeli bombers destroy PLO/al-Fatah headquarters in Beirut
Humber Bridge
Humbar Estuary Bridge, worlds longest span, 1.4 km, opens
Resignation of Pierre Mauroy
Pierre Mauroy resigns as Premier of France
Break in Diplomatic Relations
Iran and France breaks diplomatic relations
Break in Diplomatic Relations
Iran and France breaks diplomatic relations
Economy of USA
Dow Jones closes above 2,500 (2,510.04) for 1st time
World Record
Florence Griffith Joyner of USA sets 100m womans record (10.49)
Invention of Stealth-Bomber
1st Test flight of US stealth-bomber
This One
Paul McCartney releases "This One"
Marriage
Yasser Arafat marries Suha At-Taweel
Economy of Russia
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev makes a personal appeal for Western aid at the conclusion of the Group of Seven economic summit in London
Group of Seven
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev makes a personal appeal for Western aid at the conclusion of the Group of Seven economic summit in London
Summit
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev makes a personal appeal for Western aid at the conclusion of the Group of Seven economic summit in London
Premiership Ends
Namaliu leaves office after the 1992 national election
Second Premiership Begins
Wingti returns as Prime Minister after the national election
Sovereignty Declaration
Parliament adopts the declaration of Slovak sovereignty.
Brazil Fourth World Championship
Lifts the trophy after converting a penalty in the shootout.
Brazil Shootout Victory
Helps defeat Italy as Brazil regain the world championship.
Civil War Nears End
Remaining government forces retreat into Zaire.
Final Substitute Appearance
Wins his first world championship medal with Brazil.
First World Cup Victory
Enters the World Cup final after Jorginho's injury.
Gisenyi Captured
RPF forces capture Gisenyi near the Zaire border.
Joint Six-Goal Scoring Lead
Shares the scoring lead with Oleg Salenko after netting six times for Bulgaria.
Penalty Save Against Italy
Provides the goalkeeping foundation for Brazil's fourth championship.
Tournament Best Player
Leads Brazil's attack during its fourth World Cup victory.
World Cup Captain
Captains Brazil during the World Cup final against Italy.
World Cup Final Penalty
Converts Brazil's second penalty during the final shootout.
World Cup Final Penalty Miss
Sends Italy's final shootout penalty over the crossbar as Brazil win the World Cup.
World Cup Final Shootout
Saves Daniele Massaro's penalty during the World Cup final shootout.
World Cup Golden Ball
Wins the Golden Ball as the best player of the tournament.
Richest Man In The World
Forbes Mag announces Bill Gates is the richest man in world ($12.9B)
Burial
Russia buries Tsar Nicholas II and family, 80 years after they died
Burial
Russia buries Tsar Nicholas II and family, 80 years after they died
End of Tosovsky Government
The Tosovsky Government ends in Prague, concluding this term as Prime Minister of Czech Republic.
Zeman Government
Begins the Zeman Government in Prague and serves as Prime Minister of Czech Republic.
Copa America Quarter-Final Free Kick
Scores a free kick as Argentina defeat Peru 1-0 in the Copa America quarter-final.
Bombing of Haifa
Hezbollah responds with several hundred rocket attacks on Haifa, Tiberias, Safed and other towns deep in northern Israel, killing 13 civilians
Bombing of Safed
Hezbollah responds with several hundred rocket attacks on Haifa, Tiberias, Safed and other towns deep in northern Israel, killing 13 civilians
Bombing of Tiberias
Hezbollah responds with several hundred rocket attacks on Haifa, Tiberias, Safed and other towns deep in northern Israel, killing 13 civilians
Hezbollah
Hezbollah responds with several hundred rocket attacks on Haifa, Tiberias, Safed and other towns deep in northern Israel, killing 13 civilians
Wire and Glass
Release Wire and Glass before Endless Wire.
Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards
Joins the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards established to examine banking conduct, professional standards and the structure of financial regulation.
Marriage Act
The Marriage Act receives royal assent, legalising same-sex marriage in England and Wales.
Real Madrid Presentation
Is presented as a Real Madrid player after arriving from Bayern Munich.
Pluto Atmosphere
New Horizons data show Pluto's nitrogen-rich atmosphere extending to roughly 1,600 kilometres above the surface.
Sputnik Planitia
Images reveal a vast craterless plain in Pluto's heart-shaped region, indicating surprisingly young terrain.
Sputnik Planitia
The newly revealed icy plain in Pluto's heart is informally named Sputnik Planum, later standardized as Sputnik Planitia.
Twelve New Jupiter Moons
A team led by Sheppard announces twelve newly identified moons of Jupiter, including unusual Valetudo.
Grain Deal Withdrawal
Russia withdraws from the Black Sea grain deal.
Grain Deal Withdrawal
Withdraws Russia from the Black Sea Grain Initiative
First King's Speech
Starmer's Government presents its initial legislative programme at the State Opening of Parliament.
Election as Labour Leader
Burnham is elected Leader of the Labour Party at a special conference.
End of Labour Leadership
Starmer's tenure as Labour leader ends after more than six years.
Births on July 17
Birth of Julius Schreck
Birth of Julius Schreck
Birth of Kenan Evren
Birth of Kenan Evren
Birth of Wolfgang Flur
Birth of Wolfgang Flur, later Kraftwerk electronic percussionist during the classic period.
Birth of Geezer Butler
Birth of Geezer Butler, later Black Sabbath bassist and lyricist.
Birth of Terence Michael Butler
Birth of Terence Michael Butler, later Black Sabbath bassist, lyricist and founding member.
Birth of Angela Dorothea Merkel
Birth of Angela Dorothea Merkel
Birth of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
4 Billion tv-viewers watch Mandelas 70th Birthday Tribute
Deaths on July 17
Death of Edward the Elder
Edward the Elder died, opening a disputed succession between Athelstan and his half-brother Aelfweard.
Death of Edward the Elder
Edward the Elder dies and is succeeded by Athelstan as King of Wessex
Death of Edmund Mortimer
Death of Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer
Death of Anne of Cleves
Death of Anne of Cleaves
Death of Catherine II the Great
Death of Peter III, at the hands of Alexei Orlov (younger brother to Gregory Orlov, then court favorite and a participant in the coup)
Death of Catherine II the Great
Death of Peter III, at the hands of Alexei Orlov (younger brother to Gregory Orlov, then court favorite and a participant in the coup)
Death of Pascale Paoli
Declared a traitor to the French Republic & guillotined
Death of Charles Grey
Death of Charles Grey
Death of Mikhailovich
Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich is executed by the Bolsheviks
Death of Nicholas II
Nicholas, his family & servants are shot in Ekaterinburg
Death of Nikolai Ipatev
Nicholas, his family & servants are shot in the grounds of Ipatevs house
Death of Alvaro Obregon
Death of Alvaro Obregon, assassinated before taking office
Death of Jose de Leon Toral
Death of Jose de Leon Toral
Death of Walter Leland Cronkite
Death of Walter Leland Cronkite
Death of John Lewis
Death of civil rights leader and congressman John Lewis.
Battles on July 17
Battle of Navas de Tolosa
Moslem power in Spain collapses after defeat in battle under Caliph Mohammed. Defeats the Almohades, breaks their power in Spain
Battle of Navas de Tolosa
Helps defeat the Moors
Battle of Navas de Tolosa
Helps defeat the Almohads
Battle of Stanilesti
Russian troops under command of Boris Sheremetev attemptto invade Moldova with the aid of Moldovan ruler Dimitrie Cantemir but are defeated by Grand Vizier Baltacþ Mehmet Pasa, in at Stanilesti
Battle of Marne, 2nd
Final day of 5th Ludendorf offensive, Battle of the Marne
Coronations on July 17
Coronation
Charles VII is crowned at Reims Cathedral, Joan is at his side, holding her banner
Coronation
Returns to Chinon in accordance to her vision then leads the Dauphin to Reims. Joan of Arc dictates a letter to the Duke of Burgundy asking him to establish "a firm, lasting peace" with Charles & the Armagnacs. Charles VII is crowned at Reims Cathedral, Joan is at his side, holding her banner