July 27 in History

Duncans son Malcolm defeats MacBeth which leads to his overthrow & death 3 yrs later

Duncans son Malcolm defeats MacBeth which leads to his overthrow & death 3 yrs later

Macbeth is defeated in battle by the army of Siward of Northumbria but not deposed. Duncans son Malcolm defeats MacBeth which leads to his overthrow & death 3 yrs later

Macbeth is defeated in battle by the army of Siward of Northumbria but not deposed

John's coalition strategy collapses after Philip II defeats the northern allied army at Bouvines.

Philip II defeats the coalition army at Bouvines and strengthens French influence over Flanders.

Phillip II captures Flanders after the Battle of Bouvines

Philip II defeats Otto IV at Bouvines after he had invaded France to assist King John

Philip II becomes ruler of north France & Flanders after defeating John

Under the Treaty of Bouvines France gains Flanders & wins the Imperial crown for Frederick II

Under the treay of Bouvines John I is forced to give up his claims to northern France. Philip II becomes ruler of north France & Flanders after defeating John

The Battle of Bouvines ensures the succession of Frederick II as Emperor. The Battle of Bouvines confirms Philip II as ruler of northern France

Takes a lease out on Hong Kong

Under the treay of Bouvines John I is forced to give up his claims to northern France. Under the Treaty of Bouvines France gains Flanders & wins the Imperial crown for Frederick II

The Council of Lyons declares Frederick II deposed

The Council of Lyons declares Frederick II deposed

The Council of Lyons declares Frederick II deposed

Captures Caen on the River Orne which blocks his way to Crecy

The daughter of Edward III marries the Earl of Kent

Hears of Bolingbrokes rebellion in Ireland & lands in England

Requests Ambassador Throckmorton threaten the Scots with war if Mary is not released

The Spanish fleet sails past the Firth of Forth, and the English cease their pursuit, much of the Spanish fleet is destroyed as it sails around Scotland and Ireland

Ashley-Cooper supports fiscal and commercial policy tied to colonial trade regulation.

Gives assent to legislation requiring European goods bound for colonies to pass through England.

Clarendon's ministry supports trade regulation under the Navigation Acts.

Takes over Jacobite military leadership after Viscount Dundee is killed

The Bank of England receives its charter to finance government borrowing and manage public debt.

The Bank of England receives its charter and begins issuing notes redeemable in coin.

A royal charter issued under William III of Orange and Mary incorporates the Governor and Company of the Bank of England.

The Constituent Assembly decides to prepare a Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen before completing the constitution.

Clermont-Tonnerre submits another declaration project as deputies compare competing formulations of fundamental rights.

The Committee is already entering a more powerful and active phase, which would see it become a de facto dictatorship alongside its similarly powerful partner, the Committee of General Security

The Committee is already entering a more powerful and active phase, which would see it become a de facto dictatorship alongside its similarly powerful partner, the Committee of General Security.

Appointed President of the Committee of Public Safety

Robespierre joined the Committee of Public Safety as it expanded control over wartime policy, the Terror and the levee en masse.

The Committee is responsible for interpreting and applying the decrees of the National Convention, and thus for implementing some of the most stringent policies of the Terror & the levee en masse. The Committee is already entering a more powerful and active phase, which would see it become a de facto dictatorship alongside its similarly powerful partner, the Committee of General Security. Maximilien Robespierre is elected to the Committee

Robespierre joins the Committee of Public Safety while Jacobin influence over revolutionary government increases

Robespierre joins the Committee of Public Safety while Jacobin influence over revolutionary government increases.

Appointed President of the Committee of Public Safety

The Committee is responsible for interpreting and applying the decrees of the National Convention, and thus for implementing some of the most stringent policies of the Terror & the levee en masse

The Committee is responsible for interpreting and applying the decrees of the National Convention, and thus for implementing some of the most stringent policies of the Terror and the levee en masse.

Appointed President of the Committee of Public Safety

Appointed President of the Committee of Public Safety

Couthon is taken into custody as one of the central Robespierrist leaders

Couthon is taken into custody as one of the central Robespierrist leaders.

Saint-Just is arrested with Robespierre and Couthon after the Convention turns against them

Saint-Just is arrested with Robespierre and Couthon after the Convention turns against them.

The Convention orders Robespierre arrested after deputies shout down his attempts to speak

The Convention orders Robespierre arrested after deputies shout down his attempts to speak.

The convention orders the arrest of Robespirre

The convention orders the arrest of Robespirre.

Appointed Committee of Public Safety

Fleuriot-Lescot shelters the Robespierrists at the Hotel de Ville

Fleuriot-Lescot shelters the Robespierrists at the Hotel de Ville.

Hanriot fails to hold together the armed force needed to rescue the Robespierrists

Hanriot fails to hold together the armed force needed to rescue the Robespierrists.

Payan calls for resistance but the Paris sections give uncertain support

Payan calls for resistance but the Paris sections give uncertain support.

Robespierre is brought to the Hotel de Ville as the Commune tries to create an armed uprising

Robespierre is brought to the Hotel de Ville as the Commune tries to create an armed uprising.

Paul Francois Barras was prominent in the overthrow of Robespierre.

Prominent in the overthrow of Robespierre

Overthrown by the revolution of 9th Thermidor

Robespierre was overthrown during the revolution of 9 Thermidor.

The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794)

The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794).

The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794)

Appointed Committee of Public Safety

The Jacobin Club is closed after the execution of Robespierre and other members on 9 Thermidor of the year II (27 July 1794)

Robespierre is denounced in the Convention on 9 Thermidor and the Jacobin political system begins to collapse

Robespierre is denounced in the Convention on 9 Thermidor and the Jacobin political system begins to collapse.

Amar aligns with opponents of Robespierre as the Convention turns against the Jacobin leadership

Amar aligns with opponents of Robespierre as the Convention turns against the Jacobin leadership.

Barere accepts the turn against Robespierre and supports emergency measures by the Convention

Barere accepts the turn against Robespierre and supports emergency measures by the Convention.

Barras is given command of Convention forces against the Paris Commune

Barras is given command of Convention forces against the Paris Commune.

Billaud-Varenne denounces Robespierre and joins the deputies demanding his arrest

Billaud-Varenne denounces Robespierre and joins the deputies demanding his arrest.

Carnot stands with members of the government who reject Robespierres domination

Carnot stands with members of the government who reject Robespierres domination.

Collot dHerbois presides during the stormy Convention session against Robespierre

Collot dHerbois presides during the stormy Convention session against Robespierre.

Couthon is arrested with Robespierre and other leading Robespierrists

Couthon is arrested with Robespierre and other leading Robespierrists.

Dumas supports the Commune resistance and is later seized with the Robespierrists

Dumas supports the Commune resistance and is later seized with the Robespierrists.

Fleuriot-Lescot uses the Paris Commune to support Robespierre after the arrest order

Fleuriot-Lescot uses the Paris Commune to support Robespierre after the arrest order.

Freron supports the Convention attack on the Robespierrists

Freron supports the Convention attack on the Robespierrists.

Hanriot attempts to mobilise armed support for Robespierre in Paris

Hanriot attempts to mobilise armed support for Robespierre in Paris.

Le Bas remains loyal to Robespierre during the crisis and is arrested with the faction

Le Bas remains loyal to Robespierre during the crisis and is arrested with the faction.

Legendre helps prevent Robespierre from rallying support in the Convention

Legendre helps prevent Robespierre from rallying support in the Convention.

Payan encourages the Commune to rally the sections in defence of Robespierre

Payan encourages the Commune to rally the sections in defence of Robespierre.

Augustin Robespierre demands to share the fate of his brother and is arrested

Augustin Robespierre demands to share the fate of his brother and is arrested.

Saint-Just is interrupted before he can deliver his defence of Robespierre

Saint-Just is interrupted before he can deliver his defence of Robespierre.

Tallien attacks Robespierre before the National Convention and helps start the revolt of 9 Thermidor

Tallien attacks Robespierre before the National Convention and helps start the revolt of 9 Thermidor.

Vadier supports the attack on the Robespierrist faction during the Convention crisis

Vadier supports the attack on the Robespierrist faction during the Convention crisis.

The French engage some Russian regiments to force the Russians into battle

Charles XIII invades Norway & prevents them proclaiming independence

Faces armed revolt in Paris after publication of the July Ordinances.

Appointed acting President of Venezuela

Permits non-Catholic religious worship within privately owned buildings.

Marries the 1st Duke of Fife

Urges German troops to avenge Ketteler's death.

Announces French naval reinforcements for Chinese waters.

Present at Bremerhavan when 4,000 German soldiers set sail for China

The University of Zurich faculty unanimously approves Einstein's doctoral dissertation.

The South Africa Union Bill has its 2nd reading but MPs

Promises Conservative support for Ulster opposition to Home Rule.

Intensifies Unionist resistance to the government's Irish legislation.

Legge's 2nd Australian Division relieves exhausted troops in the Pozieres sector.

Hitler is released

Assumes acting presidential duties immediately after Carlos Ibanez resigns.

Fails to agree on methods to check spread of trade barriers

Battisti leaves Cuneo with the divisional command as the Cuneense moves east by rail in a large series of troop trains.

The first shipment of irradiated uranium, about 300 pounds, arrives at the Metallurgical Laboratory for plutonium research.

Oversees the dissolution of the National Fascist Party after the fall of Mussolini.

Loses his party office when the Badoglio government dissolves the National Fascist Party.

Completes formation of a non-party cabinet of soldiers, officials and technocrats after Mussolini's dismissal.

Captures Lwow

The Lublin Committee to set up a communist infrastructure in Poland meets Stalin. The committee subordinate the Poles fighting with the Russians to Russia

Pushes Patton through a gap in the German defence toward Avranches

Approves a limited withdrawal of the 7th Army

By 27 July most organized resistance had been overcome, and VII and VIII Corps were advancing rapidly, isolating the Cotentin peninsula

Tells Stalin he hopes the three Allied leaders can meet as early as possible.

The US & Britain & Nationalist China threaten Japan with "prompt & utter destruction". The US, Britain & Nationalist China calls for unconditional Japanese surrender. Japan ignores the request for uncondional surrender, unaware of the US the atomic bomb

Appointed Junior Commander in the ATS

Is appointed Lord Privy Seal in Clement Attlee’s Labour government.

The Japanese have to choose "utter devastation or unconditional surrender"

An armistice is agreed, south Koreas independence is secured

Hussein I declares East Jerusalem the alternative capital of Hashemite Jordan

An armistice is agreed, south Koreas independence is secured

An armistice is agreed, south Koreas independence is secured

Signs the Korean Armistice Agreement for North Korea.

Hussein I declares East Jerusalem the alternative capital of Hashemite Jordan

A ceasefire with France is agreed

This record states: A ceasefire with France is agreed.

This record states: Agrees to temporarily divide Vietnam in half pending elections unite Vietnam.

This record states: Despite general agreement the "Final Declaration" is not signed.

This record states: French troops be withdraw from north Vietnam & the Vietminh will withdraw from the sth.

This record states: South Vietnam, Laos & Kampuchea will become independent states protected by SEATO.

This record states: Territory north of the 17th Parallel will go to the Government of Ho Chi Minh.

This record states: The US does not want to recognize Beijing & Hanoi.

This record states: Vietnam is partitioned above latitude 17 degrees north.

Serves with Molotov as joint Chairman of the Geneva Conference

Present at the Geneva Conference which partitions Vietnam

Sihanouks Royal Government is granted international recognition

Agrees to temporarily divide Vietnam in half pending elections unite Vietnam

The Conference of Geneva recognizes the independence of Kampuchea, Kampuchea

Vietnam is partitioned above latitude 17 degrees north

Questions the risks of military action during early Cabinet discussions of the canal crisis

Begins diplomatic work to build an international response to Egypt's seizure of the canal company

Warns that control of the canal affects oil supplies, sterling and Britain's financial position

Mollet begins intensive discussions with British leaders over diplomatic and military responses to Nasser.

Eden asks military chiefs to examine options for restoring Western control of the canal.

Kerensky participates in military leadership debate during his political career.

Supports reform partially decriminalising homosexual acts between adult men in private.

Release Magic Bus as a single.

Donovan performed at the first show in the second season of free rock concerts in Hyde Park, London, which also featured Blind Faith, Richie Havens, The Edgar Broughton Band and the 3rd Ear Band

Leaves Uganda following a military coup

Forced to seek exile in Zambia

Overthrown by his cousin Daud

The House judiciary committee votes 27 to 11 to recommend Richard Nixon's impeachment

Drums at the New York concerts later used in the concert film.

Performs during the concerts filmed for The Song Remains the Same.

Chairs the Judiciary Committee as it approves an article charging Nixon with obstruction of justice in the Watergate investigation.

Kept in the Tokyo Detention House & then released on bail. Accepted bribes from Lockheed to persuade Nipon Airways to buy their airliners

255,000 perish during an earthquake

255,000 perish during an earthquake

Accepted bribes from Lockheed to persuade Nipon Airways to buy their airliners

Leaves the American tour after the death of his son Karac.

Answers parliamentary questions concerning redevelopment of London Docklands.

Iraqs "night of the long knives", 500 are murdered

Answers a parliamentary question concerning radioactive-waste disposal.

Israeli jets attack civilian areas in West Beirut killing 120

Succesfully leads a coup in Uganda

Appointed President of Uganda

Runs the mile in 3 mins 46.31 secs

San Yu resigns amid nationwide unrest

Sein Lwin becomes President during the uprising

Israeli guns and aircraft pound southern Lebanon in reprisal for rocket attacks by Hezbollah guerrillas

Israeli guns and aircraft pound southern Lebanon in reprisal for rocket attacks by Hezbollah guerrillas

Kabila orders foreign military personnel who supported his rebellion to leave the country.

British weapons expert David Kelly commits suicide after being identified as the source of a BBC story alleging the Government had "sexed-up" intelligence on Iraqs banned weapons

British weapons expert David Kelly commits suicide after being identified as the source of a BBC story alleging the Government had "sexed-up" intelligence on Iraqs banned weapons

Reunites with Jose Mourinho in the English Premier League.

Peter Waterworth becomes Governor of Montserrat

Wall Street shares tumble as the International Monetary Fund warns the US housing crisis is not over

Welcomes the start of additional ceasefire measures along the Donbas contact line.

England win the Women's European Championship.

Death of Celestine I

Death of John Graham, killed at the Battle of Killiecranki

Killed at the Battle of Killiecrankie

Death of Henry Bathurst

Death of Thomas "Tom" Crean

Dies aged 81 & is succeeded by Premier Marcello Caetano

Death of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi

Death of William Wyler

Death of James Mason

Death of Amjad Khan

British weapons expert David Kelly commits suicide after being identified as the source of a BBC story alleging the Government had "sexed-up" intelligence on Iraqs banned weapons

British weapons expert David Kelly commits suicide after being identified as the source of a BBC story alleging the Government had "sexed-up" intelligence on Iraqs banned weapons

Duncans son Malcolm defeats MacBeth which leads to his overthrow & death 3 yrs later

France gains Flanders & wins the Imperial crown for Frederick II

Philip II defeats the combined forces under Otto IV & the English. Philip II becomes ruler of north France & Flanders after defeating John

Philip II defeats John at Bouvines to gain control of Flanders

Otto IV marches into Flanders but is defeated by the French. Ensures the succession of Frederick II as Emperor. Confirms Philip II as ruler of northern France

The Battle of Bouvines ensures the succession of Frederick II as Emperor. The Battle of Bouvines ends Johns campaigns in France. The Battle of Bouvines confirms Philip II as ruler of northern France. Phillip II captures Flanders after the Battle of Bouvines. Philip II defeats Otto IV at Bouvines after he had invaded France to assist King John

Leads the Jacobite forces to victory but is killed in battle

Leads a Williamite army but is defeated in battle

Leads the Jacobites to victory at Killiecrankie

Commands the Williamite army defeated at Killiecrankie

Wins an Allied victory in Catalonia.

Ehrenskiold commands the Swedish squadron defeated and captured by Russian galleys at Gangut.

Commands the Foudroyant

The First Battle of El Alamein ends with the Axis advance checked and the Allied line intact.