July 7 in History

England rereats from Scotland, major castles are recovered except Berwick & Stirling

Since martyrs are automatically considered saints, Joan of Arcs canonization is effectively initiated at this point

Since martyrs are automatically considered saints, Joan of Arcs canonization is effectively initiated at this point. Inquisitor Brehal & other Church officials overturn Joans conviction, in his final summary of the case, Brehal describes Joan as a martyr who was wrongly executed by corrupt, partisan clergy

Inquisitor Brehal & other Church officials overturn Joans conviction, in his final summary of the case, Brehal describes Joan as a martyr who was wrongly executed by corrupt, partisan clergy

Since martyrs are automatically considered saints, Joan of Arcs canonization is effectively initiated at this point. Inquisitor Brehal & other Church officials overturn Joans conviction, in his final summary of the case, Brehal describes Joan as a martyr who was wrongly executed by corrupt, partisan clergy

Marriage contract between Mary & Dauphin Francis

The Habsburgs agree to treat the United Provinces like an independent state for the duration of the Truce. Philip III ratifies the Peace Treaty. All hostilities will cease for twelve years

The Habsburgs agree to treat the United Provinces like an independent state for the duration of the Truce

Wounded by his own men

Charles II rewards Monck by creating him Duke of Albemarle.

Charles II raises George Monck to the dukedom of Albemarle for his role in the Restoration.

Alexander I meets Napoleon at Tilsit and agrees to peace and alliance terms after Russian defeat.

Alexander recognises Napoleon's dominant position in central and western Europe under the Treaty of Tilsit.

Alexander and Napoleon conclude peace between Russia and France at Tilsit.

Alexander accepts the drastic reduction of Prussia imposed by Napoleon at Tilsit.

Russia agrees to mediate between Britain and France as part of the Tilsit settlement.

The settlement leaves Russia free to act against Sweden, contributing to the conquest of Finland in 1808-1809.

Alexander secures Russian interests in eastern Europe while entering an uneasy partnership with Napoleon.

Alexander accepts the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw and Kingdom of Westphalia under the Napoleonic settlement.

Bennigsen had met with the crushing defeat of Friedland. The direct consequence of which is the Treaty of Tilsit

Gives Russia free hand in Sweden, Annexing the grand Duchy of Finland 1809

The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland. The first was signed on 7 July, between Tsar Alexander I of Russia and Napoleon I of France, when they met on a raft in the middle of the Neman River

Allied occupation of Paris confirms the collapse of Napoleon's final political and military position.

The Allies enter Paris

The Allies enter Paris

Appointed provisional President of Argentina after the resignation of Bernardino Rivadavia

Sloat raises the American flag at Monterey and occupies California's capital

Participates in a General Council resolution responding to Felix Pyat's conduct.

Fails in his first attempt to be elected to Parliament, defeated by 1,300

Edward VII formally opens the University of Birmingham's Edgbaston campus.

Monitors the Franco-German negotiations linking the Moroccan settlement to territorial compensation in the Congo region.

Receives Germany's demand for colonial compensation in French Equatorial Africa during negotiations over Morocco.

The House of Commons passes the Irish Home Rule Bill, rejected by the Lords

The Commons passes the Irish Home Rule Bill before Lords rejection.

The House of Commons passes the Irish Home Rule Bill, rejected by the Lords

The House of Commons passes the Irish Home Rule Bill, rejected by the Lords

Secures Commons approval for financing the government's acquisition of Anglo-Persian share and loan capital.

Defends government acquisition of a controlling financial interest in the Anglo-Persian Oil Company.

After having dispatched Count Hoyos on a mission to Berlin on 5 July to secure German support for Austria-Hungarys future actions, which resulted in the famous "blank cheque", he became the leading spokesman, together with the Chief of the General Staff General Conrad von Hotzendorf, for war against Serbia during the meeting of the Imperial Crown Council on 7 July

Appointed Minister of Munitions

Appointed Secretary for War

Resigns as the government crisis reaches its peak.

Urges units to continue the attack despite falling morale.

Lvov resigns as minister-chairman after disputes over land reform and the continuing political crisis.

Spiridonova is detained after Bolshevik forces suppress the Left Socialist Revolutionary uprising in Moscow.

The Treaty of Versailles is ratified by Germany

A skirmish takes place between Japanese & Chinese troops near Peiking

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident near Beijing triggers the escalation into full-scale Sino-Japanese war.

The Government orders troops to be mobilized in Manchuria & Korea

The Nationalist government seeks international support as the conflict with Japan expands after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.

Promoted to temporary Lieutenant General while commanding American forces in the European theatre.

A massive air bombardment commences on Caen which devastates the city

Saito orders a final mass attack as organized Japanese resistance on Saipan nears collapse.

Provides panzer support saying the British are "little fish" to be thrown back

Prevents the Canadian 9th Brigade from advancing on Le Carpiquet airfield

Patton arrives in Normandy

The press refer to attempts at capturing Caen a "stalemate"

Sentenced in his absence by a three-man tribunal of the Soviet security police (NKGB) to an eight-year term in a labour camp, to be followed by permanent internal exile

Sentenced in his absence by a three-man tribunal of the Soviet security police (NKGB) to an eight-year term in a labour camp, to be followed by permanent internal exile

Sentenced in his absence by a three-man tribunal of the Soviet security police (NKGB) to an eight-year term in a labour camp, to be followed by permanent internal exile

Casting of the high-explosive lens components intended for the Trinity device is completed.

Appointed President of Mexico

Government establishes racial controls over residential and business areas.

Government creates compulsory racial classification under national law.

The classification system underpins many later apartheid measures.

The act enables large-scale forced removals under apartheid.

MacArthur is appointed as the Supreme Commander of the United Nations forces in Korea

MacArthur is appointed as the Supreme Commander of the United Nations forces in Korea

Cabinet agrees to produce the British H-bomb in Britain

China promises to give North Vietnam $338m in economic aid

Construction begins on the Central Cross-Island Highway, a major infrastructure project linking eastern and western Taiwan.

Makes his senior Brazil debut against Argentina at sixteen.

Scores Brazil's goal during his first international appearance.

Ends his 1957 term as Prime Minister

Signs the Alaska Statehood Act authorizing admission of Alaska to the Union.

Assumes the full governor-general role after succeeding Maurice Dorman

Becomes Shadow Secretary of State for Defence under the newly elected Conservative leader Edward Heath.

Begins recording, "Here Comes the Sun"

Is buried at Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

Arif participates in national development connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.

Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 1st term

Scores West Germany's winning goal in the final against the Netherlands.

Is recognized as the tournament's outstanding player after leading the Netherlands to the final.

Captains West Germany to victory over the Netherlands in the final.

Scores seven goals as Poland finish third at the 1974 World Cup.

Guides the Netherlands to the World Cup final, where West Germany wins 2-1.

Scores a second-minute penalty before West Germany have touched the ball.

The discovery of Pluto's moon is formally announced to astronomers through IAU Circular 3241.

Supports the Bremen initiative for closer coordination of European exchange rates and monetary policy.

Supports the Bremen agreement that advances plans for closer European monetary cooperation.

Supports the Bremen initiative for closer European monetary cooperation.

The Solomon Islands are granted independence after 85 years of British rule

The Solomon Islands are granted independence after 85 years of British rule

Playground Twist enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches the UK Top Thirty.

Performs Led Zeppelin's final full concert before his death.

Son Sann takes the prime minister role in the exile coalition

CGDK is proclaimed with Sihanouk as President

Bobby Robson is appointed coach of the English national football team and selects former West Bromwich Albion team-mate Don Howe as his chief coach

Bobby Robson is appointed coach of the English national football team and selects former West Bromwich Albion team-mate Don Howe as his chief coach

Becomes the first elected leader of the Social Democratic Party.

Introduces plans for Government expenditure cuts to the Cabinet

Gives public testimony on the Iran Contra affair

Declares in front of the Iran-Contra hearings his actions were sanctioned by superiors

Accepts arrangements leading to withdrawal of federal forces from Slovenia.

Accepts the agreement suspending implementation of Slovenian independence.

Government forces capture Aden and end organized southern resistance.

Saleh preserves the unified Republic of Yemen.

Cambodian government officially outlaws Khmer Rouge

Sends Brazil into a second consecutive World Cup final.

Guides the Netherlands to the World Cup semi-final, where Brazil advances after a penalty shootout.

Kabbah signs the Lome Peace Accord granting rebels political concessions

Foday Sankoh signs the Lome Peace Agreement with the government

Four suicide bombers blow themselves up on London's transport system killing 52 people and wounding about 700. Bombs were detonated in three crowded London subways and one bus during the peak of the citys rush hour, the suicide bombings, thought to be the work of al-Qaida, kill 56 people including the bombers and injur another 700

Four suicide bombers blow themselves up on London's transport system killing 52 people and wounding about 700. Bombs were detonated in three crowded London subways and one bus during the peak of the citys rush hour, the suicide bombings, thought to be the work of al-Qaida, kill 56 people including the bombers and injur another 700

Robson is named as honorary president of Ipswich Town Football Club

Waters plays at the American leg of the Live Earth concert, an international multi-venue concert aimed to raise awareness about global climate change, featuring the Trenton Youth Choir and his trademark inflatable pig

Leaves office as Acting Mayor of Amsterdam.

Takes office as Mayor of Amsterdam.

Heads the only goal as Spain defeat Germany to reach their first World Cup final.

Libya holds its first nationwide parliamentary election after the fall of Gaddafi.

New Horizons returns to normal science operations after recovery from the July 4 safe-mode event.

Attends G20 summit and meets world leaders.

Presides over the United Nations conference that adopts the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.

Wins his first senior international tournament as national-team coach.

Captains Brazil to Copa America victory over Peru.

Manages Brazil to Copa America victory over Peru.

Iran announces enrichment above the JCPOA uranium limit.

Is named the tournament's best player after influential performances.

Guides the Netherlands to their first Women's World Cup final, where the United States wins 2-0.

Announces he has tested positive for COVID-19.

Approves cluster munitions for Ukraine despite controversy.

The United States destroys its final declared chemical weapon, completing destruction of the last declared national stockpile under OPCW verification.

Birth of Gustav Mahler

Birth of Ringo Starr, Richard Starkey

Birth of Richard Starkey, later known as Ringo Starr.

Dies at Burgh-upon-the-Sands, Solway. Death of Edward I, "the hammer of the Scots"

The death of Edward I eases Robert Bruces nationalist struggle against the English

Saito commits suicide on Saipan as the Japanese defense collapses during the final phase of the battle.

Death of Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett

Cortez defeats the Aztecs

The Spanish are defeated for the control of Georgia

The Spanish are defeated for the control of Georgia. Redeems reputation from defeat at St. Augustine, Florida, 2 yrs earlier

Posted to No. 7 Squadron and flies bombing, reconnaissance and photographic missions over the Somme front.