Toga Virilis
Marcus Aurelius formally presented Commodus with the toga virilis and recommended him to the army.
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On this date in world history
July 7 in History
This permanent archive page contains 147 World History Database records for July 7, spanning 175 to 2023. Recorded topics include Toga Virilis; Death of Heizei; Death of Edward I.
Total: 147Events: 135Births: 3Deaths: 5Battles: 4Countries: 31
Events on July 7
Invasion of Scotland
England rereats from Scotland, major castles are recovered except Berwick & Stirling
Canonization
Since martyrs are automatically considered saints, Joan of Arcs canonization is effectively initiated at this point
Nullification Trial
Since martyrs are automatically considered saints, Joan of Arcs canonization is effectively initiated at this point. Inquisitor Brehal & other Church officials overturn Joans conviction, in his final summary of the case, Brehal describes Joan as a martyr who was wrongly executed by corrupt, partisan clergy
Trial
Inquisitor Brehal & other Church officials overturn Joans conviction, in his final summary of the case, Brehal describes Joan as a martyr who was wrongly executed by corrupt, partisan clergy
Trial
Since martyrs are automatically considered saints, Joan of Arcs canonization is effectively initiated at this point. Inquisitor Brehal & other Church officials overturn Joans conviction, in his final summary of the case, Brehal describes Joan as a martyr who was wrongly executed by corrupt, partisan clergy
Marriage
Marriage contract between Mary & Dauphin Francis
Peace Treaty
The Habsburgs agree to treat the United Provinces like an independent state for the duration of the Truce. Philip III ratifies the Peace Treaty. All hostilities will cease for twelve years
Rule of United Provinces
The Habsburgs agree to treat the United Provinces like an independent state for the duration of the Truce
Reballion of Rebels in London
Wounded by his own men
Creation as Duke
Charles II rewards Monck by creating him Duke of Albemarle.
Duke of Albemarle
Charles II raises George Monck to the dukedom of Albemarle for his role in the Restoration.
Treaty of Tilsit
Alexander I meets Napoleon at Tilsit and agrees to peace and alliance terms after Russian defeat.
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
Alexander accepts the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw and Kingdom of Westphalia under the Napoleonic settlement.
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
Alexander accepts the drastic reduction of Prussia imposed by Napoleon at Tilsit.
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
Alexander and Napoleon conclude peace between Russia and France at Tilsit.
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
Alexander recognises Napoleon's dominant position in central and western Europe under the Treaty of Tilsit.
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
Alexander secures Russian interests in eastern Europe while entering an uneasy partnership with Napoleon.
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
Russia agrees to mediate between Britain and France as part of the Tilsit settlement.
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
The settlement leaves Russia free to act against Sweden, contributing to the conquest of Finland in 1808-1809.
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
Bennigsen had met with the crushing defeat of Friedland. The direct consequence of which is the Treaty of Tilsit
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
Gives Russia free hand in Sweden, Annexing the grand Duchy of Finland 1809
Treaty of Tilsit, 1st
The Treaties of Tilsit were two agreements signed by Napoleon I of France in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland. The first was signed on 7 July, between Tsar Alexander I of Russia and Napoleon I of France, when they met on a raft in the middle of the Neman River
Result of Surrender of Paris
Allied occupation of Paris confirms the collapse of Napoleon's final political and military position.
Siege of Paris
The Allies enter Paris
Surrender of Paris
The Allies enter Paris
President of Argentina
Appointed provisional President of Argentina after the resignation of Bernardino Rivadavia
Capture of Monterey California
Sloat raises the American flag at Monterey and occupies California's capital
Felix Pyat Provocative Behaviour Resolution
Participates in a General Council resolution responding to Felix Pyat's conduct.
Election
Fails in his first attempt to be elected to Parliament, defeated by 1,300
University Campus Opening
Edward VII formally opens the University of Birmingham's Edgbaston campus.
British Response to Agadir Congo Negotiations
Monitors the Franco-German negotiations linking the Moroccan settlement to territorial compensation in the Congo region.
German Congo Compensation Proposal
Receives Germany's demand for colonial compensation in French Equatorial Africa during negotiations over Morocco.
Home Rule
The House of Commons passes the Irish Home Rule Bill, rejected by the Lords
Home Rule Commons Passage
The Commons passes the Irish Home Rule Bill before Lords rejection.
Irish Home Rule
The House of Commons passes the Irish Home Rule Bill, rejected by the Lords
Reform of Parliament
The House of Commons passes the Irish Home Rule Bill, rejected by the Lords
Anglo-Persian Capital Resolution Approved
Secures Commons approval for financing the government's acquisition of Anglo-Persian share and loan capital.
Anglo-Persian Oil Company Stake
Defends government acquisition of a controlling financial interest in the Anglo-Persian Oil Company.
Imperial Crown Council
After having dispatched Count Hoyos on a mission to Berlin on 5 July to secure German support for Austria-Hungarys future actions, which resulted in the famous "blank cheque", he became the leading spokesman, together with the Chief of the General Staff General Conrad von Hotzendorf, for war against Serbia during the meeting of the Imperial Crown Council on 7 July
Minister of Munitions
Appointed Minister of Munitions
Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
Appointed Secretary for War
July Days
Resigns as the government crisis reaches its peak.
Kerensky Offensive
Urges units to continue the attack despite falling morale.
Resignation of Prince Lvov
Lvov resigns as minister-chairman after disputes over land reform and the continuing political crisis.
Arrest after Left SR Uprising
Spiridonova is detained after Bolshevik forces suppress the Left Socialist Revolutionary uprising in Moscow.
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles is ratified by Germany
Incident-Marco Polo Bridge
A skirmish takes place between Japanese & Chinese troops near Peiking
Incident-Marco Polo Bridge
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident near Beijing triggers the escalation into full-scale Sino-Japanese war.
Mobilization
The Government orders troops to be mobilized in Manchuria & Korea
Sino-Japanese War
The Nationalist government seeks international support as the conflict with Japan expands after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.
Promotion to Lieutenant General
Promoted to temporary Lieutenant General while commanding American forces in the European theatre.
Capture of Caen
A massive air bombardment commences on Caen which devastates the city
Final Attack on Saipan
Saito orders a final mass attack as organized Japanese resistance on Saipan nears collapse.
Operation Overlord
Prevents the Canadian 9th Brigade from advancing on Le Carpiquet airfield
Operation Overlord
Provides panzer support saying the British are "little fish" to be thrown back
Operation Overlord
Patton arrives in Normandy
Siege of Caen
The press refer to attempts at capturing Caen a "stalemate"
Arrest of Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Sentenced in his absence by a three-man tribunal of the Soviet security police (NKGB) to an eight-year term in a labour camp, to be followed by permanent internal exile
KGB (Committee for State Security)
Sentenced in his absence by a three-man tribunal of the Soviet security police (NKGB) to an eight-year term in a labour camp, to be followed by permanent internal exile
Trial
Sentenced in his absence by a three-man tribunal of the Soviet security police (NKGB) to an eight-year term in a labour camp, to be followed by permanent internal exile
Trinity Lens Casting Completed
Casting of the high-explosive lens components intended for the Trinity device is completed.
President of Mexico
Appointed President of Mexico
Group Areas Act
Government establishes racial controls over residential and business areas.
Population Registration Act
Government creates compulsory racial classification under national law.
Racial Classification Law
The classification system underpins many later apartheid measures.
Residential Segregation Legislation
The act enables large-scale forced removals under apartheid.
Supreme Commander
MacArthur is appointed as the Supreme Commander of the United Nations forces in Korea
Supreme Commander
MacArthur is appointed as the Supreme Commander of the United Nations forces in Korea
Nuclear Power
Cabinet agrees to produce the British H-bomb in Britain
Alliance Ho Chi-Minh and give North Vietnam $338m in economic aid
China promises to give North Vietnam $338m in economic aid
Exile of Fidel Alejandro Castro
After his 1955 amnesty, Fidel Castro leaves Cuba for Mexico to organize an armed expedition against the Batista government.
Central Cross-Island Highway Construction
Construction begins on the Central Cross-Island Highway, a major infrastructure project linking eastern and western Taiwan.
Brazil Senior Debut
Makes his senior Brazil debut against Argentina at sixteen.
First International Goal
Scores Brazil's goal during his first international appearance.
Prime Minister Term Ends
Ends his 1957 term as Prime Minister
Alaska Statehood Act Signed
Signs the Alaska Statehood Act authorizing admission of Alaska to the Union.
Head of State Representative
Assumes the full governor-general role after succeeding Maurice Dorman
Shadow Defence Appointment
Becomes Shadow Secretary of State for Defence under the newly elected Conservative leader Edward Heath.
Here Comes the Sun
Begins recording, "Here Comes the Sun"
Burial
Is buried at Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.
National Development
Arif participates in national development connected with Jordanian political and historical developments.
Prime Minister of Japan
Appointed Prime Minister of Japan, 1st term
1974 Final Winning Goal
Scores West Germany's winning goal in the final against the Netherlands.
1974 Golden Ball
Is recognized as the tournament's outstanding player after leading the Netherlands to the final.
Germany World Cup Captain
Captains West Germany to victory over the Netherlands in the final.
Seven-Goal Scoring Crown
Scores seven goals as Poland finish third at the 1974 World Cup.
World Cup Final
Guides the Netherlands to the World Cup final, where West Germany wins 2-1.
World Cup Final Penalty
Scores a second-minute penalty before West Germany have touched the ball.
Charon
The discovery of Pluto's moon is formally announced to astronomers through IAU Circular 3241.
European Monetary System Initiative
Supports the Bremen initiative for closer coordination of European exchange rates and monetary policy.
European Monetary System Initiative
Supports the Bremen agreement that advances plans for closer European monetary cooperation.
European Monetary System Initiative
Supports the Bremen initiative for closer European monetary cooperation.
Independence of Great Britain
The Solomon Islands are granted independence after 85 years of British rule
Independence of Solomon Islands
The Solomon Islands are granted independence after 85 years of British rule
Playground Twist Chart Entry
Playground Twist enters the Official Singles Chart and reaches the UK Top Thirty.
Final Concert
Performs Led Zeppelin's final full concert before his death.
Coalition Government Formed
Son Sann takes the prime minister role in the exile coalition
Coalition Proclaimed
CGDK is proclaimed with Sihanouk as President
Manager
Bobby Robson is appointed coach of the English national football team and selects former West Bromwich Albion team-mate Don Howe as his chief coach
Manager
Bobby Robson is appointed coach of the English national football team and selects former West Bromwich Albion team-mate Don Howe as his chief coach
SDP Leadership Election
Becomes the first elected leader of the Social Democratic Party.
Economy of Great Britain
Introduces plans for Government expenditure cuts to the Cabinet
South Africa Mission Announcement
Announces plans for a European Community diplomatic mission to southern Africa following discussions at the European Council in The Hague.
Trial
Gives public testimony on the Iran Contra affair
Trial
Declares in front of the Iran-Contra hearings his actions were sanctioned by superiors
Brioni Agreement
Accepts arrangements leading to withdrawal of federal forces from Slovenia.
Brioni Agreement
Accepts the agreement suspending implementation of Slovenian independence.
Aden Recaptured
Government forces capture Aden and end organized southern resistance.
Civil War Victory
Saleh preserves the unified Republic of Yemen.
Outlawed
Cambodian government officially outlaws Khmer Rouge
Penalty Saves Against Netherlands
Sends Brazil into a second consecutive World Cup final.
World Cup Semi-Final
Guides the Netherlands to the World Cup semi-final, where Brazil advances after a penalty shootout.
Lome Peace Accord
Kabbah signs the Lome Peace Accord granting rebels political concessions
Lome Peace Agreement
Foday Sankoh signs the Lome Peace Agreement with the government
Bombing of London
Four suicide bombers blow themselves up on London's transport system killing 52 people and wounding about 700. Bombs were detonated in three crowded London subways and one bus during the peak of the citys rush hour, the suicide bombings, thought to be the work of al-Qaida, kill 56 people including the bombers and injur another 700
Suicide
Four suicide bombers blow themselves up on London's transport system killing 52 people and wounding about 700. Bombs were detonated in three crowded London subways and one bus during the peak of the citys rush hour, the suicide bombings, thought to be the work of al-Qaida, kill 56 people including the bombers and injur another 700
Honorary President
Robson is named as honorary president of Ipswich Town Football Club
Live Earth
Waters plays at the American leg of the Live Earth concert, an international multi-venue concert aimed to raise awareness about global climate change, featuring the Trenton Youth Choir and his trademark inflatable pig
End of Acting Mayoral Term
Leaves office as Acting Mayor of Amsterdam.
Mayor of Amsterdam
Takes office as Mayor of Amsterdam.
World Cup Semi-Final Winning Goal
Heads the only goal as Spain defeat Germany to reach their first World Cup final.
General National Congress Election
Libya holds its first nationwide parliamentary election after the fall of Gaddafi.
New Horizons
New Horizons returns to normal science operations after recovery from the July 4 safe-mode event.
G20 Hamburg Summit
Attends G20 summit and meets world leaders.
Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons Adopted
Presides over the United Nations conference that adopts the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
Brazil Continental Champion
Wins his first senior international tournament as national-team coach.
Copa America Captain
Captains Brazil to Copa America victory over Peru.
Copa America Victory
Manages Brazil to Copa America victory over Peru.
Enrichment Limit Breach
Iran announces enrichment above the JCPOA uranium limit.
Tournament Best Player
Is named the tournament's best player after influential performances.
Women's World Cup Final
Guides the Netherlands to their first Women's World Cup final, where the United States wins 2-0.
COVID-19
Announces he has tested positive for COVID-19.
Cluster Munitions Decision
Approves cluster munitions for Ukraine despite controversy.
United States Completes Chemical Stockpile Destruction
The United States destroys its final declared chemical weapon, completing destruction of the last declared national stockpile under OPCW verification.
Births on July 7
Birth of Gustav Mahler
Birth of Gustav Mahler
Birth of Ringo Starr
Birth of Richard Starkey, later known as Ringo Starr.
Birth of Ringo Starr
Birth of Ringo Starr, Richard Starkey
Deaths on July 7
Death of Heizei
Heizei dies in 824 and is buried at the Yamamomo imperial mausoleum in present-day Nara.
Death of Edward I
Dies at Burgh-upon-the-Sands, Solway. Death of Edward I, "the hammer of the Scots"
Death of Robert I the Bruce
The death of Edward I eases Robert Bruces nationalist struggle against the English
Death of Yoshitsugu Saito
Saito commits suicide on Saipan as the Japanese defense collapses during the final phase of the battle.
Death of Roger Keith Syd Barrett
Death of Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett
Battles on July 7
Battle of Otumba
Cortez defeats the Aztecs
Battle of Bloody Swamp
The Spanish are defeated for the control of Georgia
Battle of Bloody Swamp
The Spanish are defeated for the control of Georgia. Redeems reputation from defeat at St. Augustine, Florida, 2 yrs earlier
Battle of the Somme, 1st
Posted to No. 7 Squadron and flies bombing, reconnaissance and photographic missions over the Somme front.